祁连山北缘冲断带的特征与空间变化规律
|
摘要
祁连山北缘冲断带是中国西部一条十分重要的新生代冲断带,它的研究不仅对探讨青藏高原新生代隆升过程和板内造山作用具有重要的意义,而且对酒泉盆地南缘的油气勘探也具有重要的意义。在大量野外地质调查、地震资料解释和钻井资料分析的基础上,开展祁连山北缘冲断带的特征与空间变化规律研究。祁连山北缘冲断带具有多层次的逆冲结构,包括浅层的远距离冲断系统、中层的近距离冲断系统和深层的原地冲断系统,其中原地冲断系统又可划分为原地隐伏和原地显露冲断系统。冲断带变形特征自西向东可分为三段。酒泉盆地南缘的冲断带是一水平位移量较大的、沿着至少三个滑脱面由南而北产生收缩变形的薄皮冲断系统,原地隐伏冲断系统发育很宽。榆木山南缘—民乐盆地南缘西段的冲断带中发育较宽的原地显露冲断系统,而原地隐伏冲断系统较窄。民乐盆地南缘东段—武威盆地南缘发育宽度较大的原地显露冲断系统,由三叠系、石炭系—二叠系、奥陶系、寒武系和岩体组成的冲断片相互叠置,形成冲断带宽广的"显露式"前锋,原地隐伏系统不发育。祁连山北缘冲断带的变形量由西往东逐渐减小。酒西坳陷旱峡剖面构造缩短率为55.1%;民乐盆地魏拉达坂构造剖面缩短率最大为43.4%;武威盆地天桥沟—西马河构造剖面缩短率最大为40.4%。祁连山北缘冲断带西段的变形时期大致开始于9Ma,并以"前展式"向北扩张,变形时间向北变新,前锋断层开始活动时间约为8.3Ma。
The northern Qilianshan thrust belt in the southern Jiuquan basin is an important thrust belt in western China.This thrust belt plays a very important role not only in the uplift of Tibet plateau and Cenozoic intraplate deformation in western China,but also in the oil and gas exploration in the Hexi corridor basins.Based on the result of geological surveys,seismic profile interpretations and borehole data analysis,the deformation characteristics and rules of spatial change of the northern Qilianshan thrust belt are discussed in this paper.This thrust belt is a multi-layer thrust system and consists of a long distance thrust system in the upper part,a short distance thrust system in the central part and an in-situ thrust system in the lower part(blind and exposed).In the long distance thrust system,the thrust fault has long thrusting and thrust nappe develops very well,but in-situ thrust system,the thrust distance is small and the thrust block consists of Mesozoic strata.From west to east,the thrust belt can be divided into three segments.In the southern Jiuquan basin,the thrust is a thin-skin system with large structural shortening and has a wide in-situ blind thrust system.In the western part of the southern Minle basin,there exists a wide exposed thrust system,with the blind thrust system being very narrow.However,in the eastern part of the southern Minle basin and in the southern Wuwei basin,only a very wide in-situ exposed thrust system developed,which consists of Triassic,Permian-Carboniferous,Ordovician and Cambrian thrust sheets,and no in-situ blind thrust system developed.The deformation effects decreases gradually from west to east.The shortening ratio of the Hanxia cross section is about 55.1% in the western segment of the thrust belt;the maximum shortening ratio of Weiladaba cross section is about 43.4% in the central segment of the thrust belt;and the maximum shortening ratio of Tianqiaogou-Ximahe cross section is about 40.4% in the eastern segment of the thrust belt.The deformation of the northern Qilianshan thrust belt began at 9 Ma,and the fault in the front of thrust belt began at 8.3 Ma.The deformation sequence of this thrust belt is that of a forward thrust belt.
The northern Qilianshan thrust belt in the southern Jiuquan basin is an important thrust belt in western China.This thrust belt plays a very important role not only in the uplift of Tibet plateau and Cenozoic intraplate deformation in western China,but also in the oil and gas exploration in the Hexi corridor basins.Based on the result of geological surveys,seismic profile interpretations and borehole data analysis,the deformation characteristics and rules of spatial change of the northern Qilianshan thrust belt are discussed in this paper.This thrust belt is a multi-layer thrust system and consists of a long distance thrust system in the upper part,a short distance thrust system in the central part and an in-situ thrust system in the lower part(blind and exposed).In the long distance thrust system,the thrust fault has long thrusting and thrust nappe develops very well,but in-situ thrust system,the thrust distance is small and the thrust block consists of Mesozoic strata.From west to east,the thrust belt can be divided into three segments.In the southern Jiuquan basin,the thrust is a thin-skin system with large structural shortening and has a wide in-situ blind thrust system.In the western part of the southern Minle basin,there exists a wide exposed thrust system,with the blind thrust system being very narrow.However,in the eastern part of the southern Minle basin and in the southern Wuwei basin,only a very wide in-situ exposed thrust system developed,which consists of Triassic,Permian-Carboniferous,Ordovician and Cambrian thrust sheets,and no in-situ blind thrust system developed.The deformation effects decreases gradually from west to east.The shortening ratio of the Hanxia cross section is about 55.1% in the western segment of the thrust belt;the maximum shortening ratio of Weiladaba cross section is about 43.4% in the central segment of the thrust belt;and the maximum shortening ratio of Tianqiaogou-Ximahe cross section is about 40.4% in the eastern segment of the thrust belt.The deformation of the northern Qilianshan thrust belt began at 9 Ma,and the fault in the front of thrust belt began at 8.3 Ma.The deformation sequence of this thrust belt is that of a forward thrust belt.
引文
[1]Liu L J,Chen W.The thick-skin and thin-skin thrust nappe structure in the front of Northern Tianshan[J].Natural Gas Industry,2002,22(5):104(in Chinese).
[2]Lu HF,Chen C M,Liu Z H,et al.The structural features and origin of the Kuqa rejuvenation foreland thrust belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(3):18-24(in Chinese).
[3]Wang X,Jia C Z,Yang S F.Geometry and kinematics of the Kuqa fold and thrust belt in the Southern Tianshan[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geology,2002,37(3):372-384(in Chinese).
[4]Wu X F,Liu S,Wang X,et al.Analysis on structural sec-tions and the Cenozoic Pamir-Western Kunlun foreland fold and thrust belt[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(2):260-271(in Chinese).
[5]Liu H F,Liang H S,Cai L G,et al.Structural systems of the Longmenshanthrust belt and evolution of the foreland ba-sinin West Sichuan Province,China[J].Acta Geologica Sini-ca,1994,68(2):100-117(in Chinese).
[6]He WG,Liu B C,Yuan D Y,et al.Research on slip rates of the Lenglongling active fault zone[J].Northwestern Seismo-logical Journal,2000,22(1):90-97(in Chinese).
[7]Yuan D Y,Liu B C,Lu T Y,et al.Palaeoearthquake fea-tures along the eastern segment of North Qilianshan active fault zone[J].South China Journal of Seismology,1997,17(2):24-31(in Chinese).
[8]Chen B,Zhao Z C,Zhu Y Q.Primary discussion on recent abnormal features of across fault deformation in Qilianshan-Haiyuan fracture belt and its mechanism[J].Inland Earth-quake,1998,12(3):222-227(in Chinese).
[9]Fan J C,Li S L,Zhang X K,et al.Geometric form of Haiyuan fault zone in the crustal interior and dynamics impli-cations[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(suppl):42-49(in Chinese).
[10]Zhao X Z,Xia Y P,Pan L Y,et al.Structural character of thrust belt in Southern Jiuquan Basin and the oil exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(2):222-227(in Chinese).
[11]Wang C X,Ma G F,Zhou Z H.Structure evolution and sedi-mentary filling of Jiuquan Basinin Mesozoic-Cenozoic Period,NW China[J].Pertroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(1):33-36(in Chinese).
[12]Lu J M,Guo Z J,Zhao Z H,et al.Cenozoic sedimentation characteristics of Jiuxi Basin and uplift history of Northern Qilian Mountain[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2004,10(1):50-61(in Chinese).
[13]Song C H,Fang X M,Li J J,et al.Tectonic uplift and sedi-mentary evolution of the Jiuxi Basininthe northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau since13Ma BP[J].Science in China:Se-ries D,2001,44(Suppl):192-202.
[14]Fang X M,Zhao Z J,Li J J,et al.Magnetostratigraphy of the Late Cenozoic Laojunmiao anticlineinthe Northern Qilian Mountains anditsimplications for the Northern Tibetan Plat-eau uplift[J].Science in China:Series D,2005,48(7):1040-1051.
[15]Song C H,Sun S R,Fang X M,et al.Analysis of tectonic uplift and heavy minerals of sediments on Jiuxi Basin in the northern margin of Tibetan Plateau since the Late Cenozoic[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(4):552-559(in Chinese).
[16]Suppe J,Chou G T,Hook S C.Rates of folding and faulting determined from growth strata[M]∥McKlay K R.Thrust Tectonics.London:Chapman Hall Publisher,1992:105-121.
[17]Shaw J,Suppe J.Active faulting and growth folding in the Eastern Santa Barba Channel,California[J].Geol Soc Amer Bull,1994,106(3):607-626.
[1]刘楼军,陈伟.北天山山前带厚皮与薄皮推覆构造的几何学运动学特征[J].天然气工业,2002,22(5):104.
[2]卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,等.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):18-24.
[3]汪新,贾承造,杨树锋.南天山库车褶皱冲断带构造几何学和运动学[J].地质科学,2002,37(3):372-384.
[4]伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-271.
[5]刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,等.川西龙门山冲断系构造样式和前陆盆地演化[J].地质学报,1994,68(2):100-117.
[6]何文贵,刘百篪,袁道阳,等.冷龙岭活动断裂的滑动速率研究[J].西北地震学报,2000,22(1):90-97.
[7]袁道阳,刘百篪,吕太乙,等.北祁连山东段活动断裂带古地震特征[J].华南地震,1997,17(2):24-31.
[8]陈兵,赵振才,祝意青.祁连山—海原断裂带跨断层形变近期异常特征研究及机理初探[J].内陆地震,1998,12(3):222-227.
[9]樊计昌,李松林,张先康,等.海原断裂在地壳深处的几何形态及其动力学意义[J].地震学报,2004,26(增刊):42-49.
[10]赵贤正,夏义平,潘良云,等.酒泉盆地南缘山前冲断带构造特征与油气勘探方向[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):222-227.
[11]王崇孝,马国福,周在华.酒泉盆地中、新生代构造演化及沉积充填特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):33-36.
[12]陆洁民,郭召杰,赵泽辉,等.新生代酒西盆地沉积特征及其与祁连山隆升关系的研究[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(1):50-61.
[15]宋春晖,孙淑荣,方小敏,等.酒西盆地晚新生代沉积物重矿物分析与高原北部隆升[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):552-559.
[2]Lu HF,Chen C M,Liu Z H,et al.The structural features and origin of the Kuqa rejuvenation foreland thrust belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(3):18-24(in Chinese).
[3]Wang X,Jia C Z,Yang S F.Geometry and kinematics of the Kuqa fold and thrust belt in the Southern Tianshan[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geology,2002,37(3):372-384(in Chinese).
[4]Wu X F,Liu S,Wang X,et al.Analysis on structural sec-tions and the Cenozoic Pamir-Western Kunlun foreland fold and thrust belt[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(2):260-271(in Chinese).
[5]Liu H F,Liang H S,Cai L G,et al.Structural systems of the Longmenshanthrust belt and evolution of the foreland ba-sinin West Sichuan Province,China[J].Acta Geologica Sini-ca,1994,68(2):100-117(in Chinese).
[6]He WG,Liu B C,Yuan D Y,et al.Research on slip rates of the Lenglongling active fault zone[J].Northwestern Seismo-logical Journal,2000,22(1):90-97(in Chinese).
[7]Yuan D Y,Liu B C,Lu T Y,et al.Palaeoearthquake fea-tures along the eastern segment of North Qilianshan active fault zone[J].South China Journal of Seismology,1997,17(2):24-31(in Chinese).
[8]Chen B,Zhao Z C,Zhu Y Q.Primary discussion on recent abnormal features of across fault deformation in Qilianshan-Haiyuan fracture belt and its mechanism[J].Inland Earth-quake,1998,12(3):222-227(in Chinese).
[9]Fan J C,Li S L,Zhang X K,et al.Geometric form of Haiyuan fault zone in the crustal interior and dynamics impli-cations[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(suppl):42-49(in Chinese).
[10]Zhao X Z,Xia Y P,Pan L Y,et al.Structural character of thrust belt in Southern Jiuquan Basin and the oil exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(2):222-227(in Chinese).
[11]Wang C X,Ma G F,Zhou Z H.Structure evolution and sedi-mentary filling of Jiuquan Basinin Mesozoic-Cenozoic Period,NW China[J].Pertroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(1):33-36(in Chinese).
[12]Lu J M,Guo Z J,Zhao Z H,et al.Cenozoic sedimentation characteristics of Jiuxi Basin and uplift history of Northern Qilian Mountain[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2004,10(1):50-61(in Chinese).
[13]Song C H,Fang X M,Li J J,et al.Tectonic uplift and sedi-mentary evolution of the Jiuxi Basininthe northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau since13Ma BP[J].Science in China:Se-ries D,2001,44(Suppl):192-202.
[14]Fang X M,Zhao Z J,Li J J,et al.Magnetostratigraphy of the Late Cenozoic Laojunmiao anticlineinthe Northern Qilian Mountains anditsimplications for the Northern Tibetan Plat-eau uplift[J].Science in China:Series D,2005,48(7):1040-1051.
[15]Song C H,Sun S R,Fang X M,et al.Analysis of tectonic uplift and heavy minerals of sediments on Jiuxi Basin in the northern margin of Tibetan Plateau since the Late Cenozoic[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(4):552-559(in Chinese).
[16]Suppe J,Chou G T,Hook S C.Rates of folding and faulting determined from growth strata[M]∥McKlay K R.Thrust Tectonics.London:Chapman Hall Publisher,1992:105-121.
[17]Shaw J,Suppe J.Active faulting and growth folding in the Eastern Santa Barba Channel,California[J].Geol Soc Amer Bull,1994,106(3):607-626.
[1]刘楼军,陈伟.北天山山前带厚皮与薄皮推覆构造的几何学运动学特征[J].天然气工业,2002,22(5):104.
[2]卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,等.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):18-24.
[3]汪新,贾承造,杨树锋.南天山库车褶皱冲断带构造几何学和运动学[J].地质科学,2002,37(3):372-384.
[4]伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-271.
[5]刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,等.川西龙门山冲断系构造样式和前陆盆地演化[J].地质学报,1994,68(2):100-117.
[6]何文贵,刘百篪,袁道阳,等.冷龙岭活动断裂的滑动速率研究[J].西北地震学报,2000,22(1):90-97.
[7]袁道阳,刘百篪,吕太乙,等.北祁连山东段活动断裂带古地震特征[J].华南地震,1997,17(2):24-31.
[8]陈兵,赵振才,祝意青.祁连山—海原断裂带跨断层形变近期异常特征研究及机理初探[J].内陆地震,1998,12(3):222-227.
[9]樊计昌,李松林,张先康,等.海原断裂在地壳深处的几何形态及其动力学意义[J].地震学报,2004,26(增刊):42-49.
[10]赵贤正,夏义平,潘良云,等.酒泉盆地南缘山前冲断带构造特征与油气勘探方向[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):222-227.
[11]王崇孝,马国福,周在华.酒泉盆地中、新生代构造演化及沉积充填特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):33-36.
[12]陆洁民,郭召杰,赵泽辉,等.新生代酒西盆地沉积特征及其与祁连山隆升关系的研究[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(1):50-61.
[15]宋春晖,孙淑荣,方小敏,等.酒西盆地晚新生代沉积物重矿物分析与高原北部隆升[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):552-559.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心