塔里木盆地塔中低凸起古构造演化与变形特征
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摘要
通过区域地质和构造地震精细研究,提出了塔里木南缘早古生代板块构造控制塔南—塔中从伸展到挤压盆地演化:寒武纪—早奥陶世板缘拉张控制了塔中北斜坡断陷构造;中奥陶世北昆仑洋盆关闭后塔中前缘隆起;晚奥陶世—晚泥盆世塔中前陆冲断与走滑构造变形。晚奥陶世塔南前陆冲断构造由东南向西北方向传播,形成塘北—塔中南—塔中5号断裂带等弧形断裂体系和塔中低凸起中西段与Ⅰ号断裂带小角度斜交的走滑断裂体系。冲断构造位移的传播受控于两个滑脱层:其一是沿寒武系内部膏盐岩的滑脱,形成弧形冲断构造,终止于塔中南缘断裂带;另一个是沿中地壳韧性变形带的滑脱,形成塔中1号断裂带东端的弧形构造带。塔中1号断裂带东段的构造变形方式主要为向北传播水平位移的断层传播褶皱和向南反向冲断的楔形构造。塔中低凸起的中西段右行走滑构造导致了向东收敛的扫帚状走滑断裂体系的形成,剖面发育花状构造。塔中低凸起的古构造演化与变形特征、构造变形样式、构造变形成因和断裂体系,是克拉通盆地内部叠合盆地深层的主要构造地质特征。
After analyzing the regional geology and the seismic interpretation,the writers make conclusions that structural geologic evolution from extension to compression in the Southern—Central Tarim basin during early Paleozoic was controlled by the plate tectonic of southern margin of the Tarim plate. Extension and rift structure occurred in the northern margin of Central Tarim Basin under the control of extension in passive continent margin during Cambrian to Early Ordovician; It was a forebulge in the Central Tarim Basin after closure of the north Kunlun ocean in Middle Ordovician; the thrust nappe and strike deformation from Late Ordovician to Devonian is the main structural features which were kept up to now. The foreland thrust deformation,which propagated from southeast to northwest in Late Ordovician,result in the formation of the arc shaped fault systems of Tangbei fault—south margin fault—No. 5 fault of central Tarim basin and formation of the strik-slip fault system in central—western section of the lower uplift of the central Tarim Basin,which is oblique intersecting with the fault No. 1. The propagation of thrust displace is along two detachment layer. One is the evaporite rocks bed in the Cambrian,the other one is the ductile layer in the middle crust. The main structural style is fault propagation fold and wedge structure in the east segment of fault No.1. The main style is flower structure of strike faults system which like a broom on the plane distribution in the west segment of fault No.1. The ancient structural evolution and deformation features,structural style,structure formation cause and the fault system in the Central Tarim Basin are main structural geological features in the depth of superimposition Cratonic basin.
After analyzing the regional geology and the seismic interpretation,the writers make conclusions that structural geologic evolution from extension to compression in the Southern—Central Tarim basin during early Paleozoic was controlled by the plate tectonic of southern margin of the Tarim plate. Extension and rift structure occurred in the northern margin of Central Tarim Basin under the control of extension in passive continent margin during Cambrian to Early Ordovician; It was a forebulge in the Central Tarim Basin after closure of the north Kunlun ocean in Middle Ordovician; the thrust nappe and strike deformation from Late Ordovician to Devonian is the main structural features which were kept up to now. The foreland thrust deformation,which propagated from southeast to northwest in Late Ordovician,result in the formation of the arc shaped fault systems of Tangbei fault—south margin fault—No. 5 fault of central Tarim basin and formation of the strik-slip fault system in central—western section of the lower uplift of the central Tarim Basin,which is oblique intersecting with the fault No. 1. The propagation of thrust displace is along two detachment layer. One is the evaporite rocks bed in the Cambrian,the other one is the ductile layer in the middle crust. The main structural style is fault propagation fold and wedge structure in the east segment of fault No.1. The main style is flower structure of strike faults system which like a broom on the plane distribution in the west segment of fault No.1. The ancient structural evolution and deformation features,structural style,structure formation cause and the fault system in the Central Tarim Basin are main structural geological features in the depth of superimposition Cratonic basin.
引文
[1]苗继军.2007.塔中低凸起构造演化与奥陶系油气成藏研究.石油大学(北京)博士后出站报告.
[2]邬光辉.2007.塔里木盆地塔中古隆起构造特征及其控油作用.中国石油勘探开发研究院博士后研究工作报告.
方锡廉,王玉珍.1990.西昆仑加里东期花岗岩浅识.新疆地质,8(2):153～158.
高振家,1985.新疆阿克苏—乌什地区震旦纪.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.
贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,李良辰.1997.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1～438.
贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君.1996.塔南志留—泥盆纪古逆冲构造带地质构造特征.见:塔里木盆地石油地质研究研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,217～224.
康南昌.2002.阿尔金断裂系与塔中构造带的形成与演化.石油地球物理勘探,37(1):48～52.
李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,杨海军,韩剑发,李新生,董立胜.2008.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景.地质科学,43(1):82～118.
李曰俊,宋文杰,买光荣.2001.库车和北塔里木前陆盆地与南天山造山带的耦合关系.新疆石油地质,22(5):376～382.
李洪铎.2006.塔中地区油气成藏条件分析及有利勘探区块预测.中国西部油气地质,2(3):249～256.
李明杰,郑孟林,冯朝荣,张军勇.2004.塔中低凸起的结构特征及其演化.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),29(4):43～45.
马瑞士,王赐银.1993.东天山构造格架及地壳演化.南京:南京大学出版社.
潘裕生.1990.西昆仑山构造特征与演化.地质科学,3:224～232.
汪玉珍.1983.西昆仑山依莎克群的时代及其构造意义.新疆地质,1(1):1～8.
邬光辉,李启明,张宝收.2005.塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带构造特征及勘探领域.石油学报,26(1):27～30.
徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,武恒志,闫相宾.2005.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比.石油与天然气地质,26(1):114～119.
许荣华,张玉泉,谢应雯.1994.西昆仑山北部早古生代构造岩浆带的发现.地质科学,1994,29(4):313～328.
张振生,李明杰,刘社平.2002.塔中低凸起的形成和演化.石油勘探与开发,29(1):28～31.
张宗命,吕炳全,曹统仁,杨海军,邓常念.1996.塔里木盆地中央隆起的构造特征与演化.见:塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,110～119.
Epard J L,Escher A.1996.Transition from basement to cover:ageometric model.Journal of Structural Geology,18:533～548.
Erslev E A.1991.Trishear fault-propagation folding.Geology,19(6):617～620.
G Wittlinger,P Tapponnier,G Poupinet,et al.,1998.Tomographic Evidence for Localized Lithospheric Shear Alongthe Altyn Tagh Fault。Science,282:74～76.
Mitra S,Mount V S.1998.Foreland basement-involved structures.AAPG,82(1):70～109.
ShawJ H,Connors C,Suppe J.2005.Seismic Interpretation ofContractional Fault-related Folds:An AAPG Seismic Atlas.AAPG Studies in Geology,vol.53,1～157.
Sobel E R.Arnaud N.1999.A possible middle Paleozoic suture in the Altyn Tagh,NWChina.Tectonics,18(1):64～74.
Suppe J.1983a.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagationfolding Ecologic Geological Helvetiae,83(3):409～454.
Suppe J.1983b.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding.American Journal of Science,283(3):684～721.
Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao,Li Benliang et al.,2002.Silurian toDevonian foreland basin in the south edge of Tari m basin.Science Bulletin of China,47(Supp.):42～46.
Zhang Yuquan,et al.,1994.Element geochemistry of granitoidrocks in the western part of the Qinghai—Xizang Plateau.Proceedings of International Symposium on the KarakorumandKunlun Mountains.China Meteorological Press:152～163.
[2]邬光辉.2007.塔里木盆地塔中古隆起构造特征及其控油作用.中国石油勘探开发研究院博士后研究工作报告.
方锡廉,王玉珍.1990.西昆仑加里东期花岗岩浅识.新疆地质,8(2):153～158.
高振家,1985.新疆阿克苏—乌什地区震旦纪.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.
贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,李良辰.1997.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1～438.
贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君.1996.塔南志留—泥盆纪古逆冲构造带地质构造特征.见:塔里木盆地石油地质研究研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,217～224.
康南昌.2002.阿尔金断裂系与塔中构造带的形成与演化.石油地球物理勘探,37(1):48～52.
李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,杨海军,韩剑发,李新生,董立胜.2008.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景.地质科学,43(1):82～118.
李曰俊,宋文杰,买光荣.2001.库车和北塔里木前陆盆地与南天山造山带的耦合关系.新疆石油地质,22(5):376～382.
李洪铎.2006.塔中地区油气成藏条件分析及有利勘探区块预测.中国西部油气地质,2(3):249～256.
李明杰,郑孟林,冯朝荣,张军勇.2004.塔中低凸起的结构特征及其演化.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),29(4):43～45.
马瑞士,王赐银.1993.东天山构造格架及地壳演化.南京:南京大学出版社.
潘裕生.1990.西昆仑山构造特征与演化.地质科学,3:224～232.
汪玉珍.1983.西昆仑山依莎克群的时代及其构造意义.新疆地质,1(1):1～8.
邬光辉,李启明,张宝收.2005.塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带构造特征及勘探领域.石油学报,26(1):27～30.
徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,武恒志,闫相宾.2005.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比.石油与天然气地质,26(1):114～119.
许荣华,张玉泉,谢应雯.1994.西昆仑山北部早古生代构造岩浆带的发现.地质科学,1994,29(4):313～328.
张振生,李明杰,刘社平.2002.塔中低凸起的形成和演化.石油勘探与开发,29(1):28～31.
张宗命,吕炳全,曹统仁,杨海军,邓常念.1996.塔里木盆地中央隆起的构造特征与演化.见:塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.北京:科学出版社,110～119.
Epard J L,Escher A.1996.Transition from basement to cover:ageometric model.Journal of Structural Geology,18:533～548.
Erslev E A.1991.Trishear fault-propagation folding.Geology,19(6):617～620.
G Wittlinger,P Tapponnier,G Poupinet,et al.,1998.Tomographic Evidence for Localized Lithospheric Shear Alongthe Altyn Tagh Fault。Science,282:74～76.
Mitra S,Mount V S.1998.Foreland basement-involved structures.AAPG,82(1):70～109.
ShawJ H,Connors C,Suppe J.2005.Seismic Interpretation ofContractional Fault-related Folds:An AAPG Seismic Atlas.AAPG Studies in Geology,vol.53,1～157.
Sobel E R.Arnaud N.1999.A possible middle Paleozoic suture in the Altyn Tagh,NWChina.Tectonics,18(1):64～74.
Suppe J.1983a.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagationfolding Ecologic Geological Helvetiae,83(3):409～454.
Suppe J.1983b.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding.American Journal of Science,283(3):684～721.
Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao,Li Benliang et al.,2002.Silurian toDevonian foreland basin in the south edge of Tari m basin.Science Bulletin of China,47(Supp.):42～46.
Zhang Yuquan,et al.,1994.Element geochemistry of granitoidrocks in the western part of the Qinghai—Xizang Plateau.Proceedings of International Symposium on the KarakorumandKunlun Mountains.China Meteorological Press:152～163.
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