空间数据库技术实现定量古地理研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统一个三级层序的形成时间为例
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摘要
以沉积层序为时间单位进行岩相古地理研究需要对野外剖面、测井、录井、地震、岩心等海量数据进行定量分析对比,而传统的人工方法往往难以有效地管理并利用这些资料。文中使用空间数据库技术将基础地质数据以自然层为单位,按统一标准定量化处理;并以层序为单位计算、统计、分析,提取厚度、白云岩含量、灰泥含量、陆源碎屑含量等反映沉积环境特征的多种单因素,定量绘制各单因素等值线图。在区域地质背景分析的基础上,将各单因素等值线图叠加分析,并探索定量古地理研究方法——通过单因素复合公式计算值划分古地理单元的边界,最终绘制出古地理图。以鄂尔多斯奥陶系马五组上部一个层序时段(464～466Ma)为例,运用上述方法自动识别出古陆、山丘高地、潮上带、潮间带、潮下带等古地理单元。研究表明,空间数据库技术是实现定量古地理的有效手段。
In the study of sequence litho-palaeogeography,the quantitative analysis,precise calculation and detailed comparison of tremendous geological data,such as field profiles,logging records and seismic curves from different areas,are the basic requirements.In order to obtain a more reliable and precise result,we have developed a method,by using the spatial database to manage effectively the data that cannot be treated by traditional ways.Various attributes of the basic stratigraphic units and their characteristics,such as sequence thickness,pene-contemporaneous dolostone content,shallow water plaster content,and terrigenous material content,can be fully utilized statistically in facies analysis and in mapping.Based on this analysis,we have exerted single-factor isopachous mapping quantitatively for each of the Ordovician sequences in the basin,and we used a single factor formula to delineate the borders of facies units.Finally synthesis multiple factors have to be used to reconstruct the litho-palaeogeography for each of the sequence intervals.The study shows that the proposed method is quite effective and has a much higher resolution in recognizing litho-paleogeographic subunits than traditional ways.For example,in one of the Middle Ordovician sequence interval(444-446 Ma) of the Ordos Basin,we have successfully mapped the precise distribution of various facies units,such as old land,submarine uplift,up tidal flat,middle tidal flat and down tidal flat.
In the study of sequence litho-palaeogeography,the quantitative analysis,precise calculation and detailed comparison of tremendous geological data,such as field profiles,logging records and seismic curves from different areas,are the basic requirements.In order to obtain a more reliable and precise result,we have developed a method,by using the spatial database to manage effectively the data that cannot be treated by traditional ways.Various attributes of the basic stratigraphic units and their characteristics,such as sequence thickness,pene-contemporaneous dolostone content,shallow water plaster content,and terrigenous material content,can be fully utilized statistically in facies analysis and in mapping.Based on this analysis,we have exerted single-factor isopachous mapping quantitatively for each of the Ordovician sequences in the basin,and we used a single factor formula to delineate the borders of facies units.Finally synthesis multiple factors have to be used to reconstruct the litho-palaeogeography for each of the sequence intervals.The study shows that the proposed method is quite effective and has a much higher resolution in recognizing litho-paleogeographic subunits than traditional ways.For example,in one of the Middle Ordovician sequence interval(444-446 Ma) of the Ordos Basin,we have successfully mapped the precise distribution of various facies units,such as old land,submarine uplift,up tidal flat,middle tidal flat and down tidal flat.
引文
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[8]Zheng G Z.Application of geographic information systemin geology[J].Earth Science,1998,23(4):421-422(in Chi-nese).
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[11]Lu P,Liu WS,Yang C B.GIS-based buitability partition of agricultural ecology in Jilin Province[J].Journal of Jilin Uni-versity:Earth Science Edition,2008,38(6):1045-1047(in Chinese).
[12]Du L T,LX B.Applications of GISto mineral resources as-sessment[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Re-sources Research,2003,18(4):275-280(in Chinese).
[13]Xu C L,Qian Z Z,Liang T.Applications of GIS to mineral resources assessment[J].Journal of Xi an University of Arts and Science:Natural Science Edition,2006,9(4):26-30(in Chinese).
[14]Chen J P,Chen Y.Study on synthetic informational mineral resource prediction using GIS—A case study in Chifeng re-gion,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(4):18-26(in Chinese).
[15]Berrar D,Dubitzky W,Solinas TS,et al.Adatabase system for comparative genomic hybridization analysis[J].IEEE En-gineeringin Medicine and Biology,2001,4(20):75-83.
[16]Sokal R.Spatial data analysis and historical processes[C]∥Data Analysis andInformatics,I V.Proceedings of the4thIn-ternational Symposium on Data Analysis and Informatics.Amsterdam,North Holland,1986:29-43.
[17]Klingseisen B,Metternicht G,Paulus G.Geomorphometric landscape analysis using a semi-automated GIS-approach[J].Environmental Modeling and Software,2008,23(1):109-121.
[18]Bárdossy G,Fodor J.Traditional and new ways to handle un-certainty in geology[J].Natural Resources Research,2001,3(10):179-187.
[19]Ruan J,Xiao X P.Application of GIS technique to mapping model of groundwater vulnerability[J].Geospatial Informa-tion,2008,6(4):52-58(in Chinese).
[20]Hu J,Li B.The application of GISin geological hazard sus-ceptibility zonationin Ludian County,Yunnan[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2008,23(1):18-25(in Chinese).
[21]Wu D S,Liu S H.Synthetic research platform of petroleum geology based on GIS[J].Geospatial Information,2007,5(4):11-18(in Chinese).
[22]Wang L,Wu F D.Application and development of GIS in perambulation and exploitation of mining[J].China Mining Magazine,2008,17(7):88-92(in Chinese).
[23]Zhao YJ,Fu X N,Yang W W.The application of geographic information system geology[J].Journal of Southwest Petro-leum University,2008,30(3):212-225(in Chinese).
[24]Liang G L,Zhang Y B.Construction of the spatial database of chinese environmental geological map system by GIS[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science and Tech-nology,2008,6(6):23-28(in Chinese).
[25]Zhu L D,Kan A H.Reviewand discussion of the paleomag-netic methodin palaeogeographic reconstruction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1432-1436(in Chinese).
[26]Han L.Digital mine research on spatial database engine[J].Coal Mine Modernization,2008,6:65-66(in Chinese).
[27]Liu Y W.China s coal-bed methane development and applica-tion of database[J].Software Guide,2008,7(11):138-139(in Chinese).
[28]Hou F H,Fang S X.The Developmental characters of sedi-mentary environments and lithofacies of Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formationin Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2003,21(1):106-112(in Chinese).
[29]Warren J.Dolomite:Occurrence,evolution and economically i mportant associations[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2000,52:1-81.
[30]Carballo J B,Land L S,Miser D E.Holocene dolomitizationof supratidal sedi ments by active tidal pumping,Sugar-Loaf Key,Florida Sedi ment[J].Petrol,1987,57:153-165.
[31]Humphrey J D,Quinn T M.Coastal mixing zone dolomite,forward modeling,and massive dolomitization of platform margin carbonates[J].Sedi ment Petrol,1989,59:438-454.
[32]Feng Z Z,Jin Z K.Types and origin of dolostones in the Lower Palaeozoic of the North China Platform[J].Sedi men-tary Geology,1994,93(3-4):279-290.
[33]Feng Z Z,Zhang Y S,Jin Z K.Type,origin,and reservoir characteristics of dolostones of the Ordovician Majiagou Group,Ordos,North China Platform[J].Sedi mentary Geol-ogy,1998,118(1-4):127-140.
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[35]Xie J F,Zhang H.Roadian-wordian global brachiopod data-base and quantitive palaeobiogeo graphic analysis[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,2007,46(4):420-429(in Chinese).
[36]Li S H,Chen Y K.Lithofacies palaeogeographic reconstruc-tion based on GIS[J].Geospatial Information,2008,5(10):25-28(in Chinese).
[37]Feng Z Z.Single factor analysis and comprehensive mapping method—Methodology of lithofacies paleogeography[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,1992,1(3):70-77(in Chinese).
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