南天山库车秋里塔格中段构造结变形特征和变形机理
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摘要
本文通过遥感影像解译和地表调查,利用二维地震剖面,结合钻、测井数据,分析秋里塔格中段构造结的构造特征,利用轴面分析和多余面积方法计算构造缩短量。研究表明,秋里塔格中段构造结的构造变形受3个滑脱面,即中新统吉迪克组(N_1j)膏盐岩、古-始新统库姆格列木组(E_(1-2)km)膏盐岩和侏罗系(J)煤层控制。构造结东部发育两个滑脱面,分别位于中新统吉迪克组膏盐岩和侏罗系煤层,形成浅层的滑脱褶皱和深层的断层转折褶皱,构成复合型背斜;西部发育一个滑脱面即库姆格列木组膏盐岩,膏盐岩聚集形成南秋里塔格滑脱褶皱。库车塔吾背斜向西倾伏,背斜下伏沿吉迪克组膏盐岩和侏罗系煤层发育的断层(F_1和F_3)的滑移量向西减小,如东部A-A′剖面上断层F_3的滑移量为7.7 km,西部C-C′剖面上为3.8 km;南秋里塔格背斜向东倾伏,背斜下伏沿库姆格列木组膏盐岩发育的断层的滑移量向西增大,东部的A-A′剖面断层不发育,西部的D-D′剖面构造缩短量达5.1 km。构造结地区3个滑脱面交汇:①东、西段卷入变形的断层和褶皱在此发生了叠加干涉,②断层的滑移量在此汇合转换,③库车塔吾背斜、南秋里塔格背斜和托克拉克坦背斜在此交汇,交汇处发育多个高角度的逆冲剪切断层和表皮褶皱,形成了秋里塔格中段复杂构造结,构造结地区未发育大规模走滑断层。根据上述认识,我们提出了秋里塔格中段构造结的三维构造模型。
The Qiulitag anticline zone locates in the front of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt,southern Tianshan Mountain.We study the structural characters and deformation mechanisms of middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone based on several cross sections,which integrate surface geology,seismic reflection depth profiles and well log data.There are three decollements (Jurassic coal bed,Paleocene-Eocene Kumugeliemu Fm.salt and Miocene Jidike Fm.Salt) distribute in Kuqa,which displacements varing regularly laterally in the middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone.The displacements of the faults developped by Jidike Fm.Salt and Jurassic coal bed decrease to west,while the displacement of the fault developped by Kumugeliemu Fm is inverse.The folding styles of middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone is controlled by the distributing area of the three decollements and their displacements.The eastern Kuchetow anticline is a detachment fold cored by Miocene Jidike Fm.Salt,which overlying a deep fault-bend fold,the fault-bend fold have a lower decollement flat located in Jurassic coal bed.The western Southern Qiulitag anticline is a detachment fold cored by Paleocene-Eocene Kumugeliemu Fm.salt.Kuchetow anticline plunge to west,Southern Qiulitag anticline plunge to east,so the two antclines plunge with their underlying faults individually.As a result,as (1) the eastern part and western part of Qiulitag anticline zone involved in deformed strara,(2)the displacements of the three decollements converge and transform,and (3)Kuchetow anticline,Southern Qiulitag anticline and Tuokelaketan anticline converge in middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone,so the deformation of middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone is complex.Based on study results,a 3-D model is proposed to illustrate the deformed mechanism of middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone.
The Qiulitag anticline zone locates in the front of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt,southern Tianshan Mountain.We study the structural characters and deformation mechanisms of middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone based on several cross sections,which integrate surface geology,seismic reflection depth profiles and well log data.There are three decollements (Jurassic coal bed,Paleocene-Eocene Kumugeliemu Fm.salt and Miocene Jidike Fm.Salt) distribute in Kuqa,which displacements varing regularly laterally in the middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone.The displacements of the faults developped by Jidike Fm.Salt and Jurassic coal bed decrease to west,while the displacement of the fault developped by Kumugeliemu Fm is inverse.The folding styles of middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone is controlled by the distributing area of the three decollements and their displacements.The eastern Kuchetow anticline is a detachment fold cored by Miocene Jidike Fm.Salt,which overlying a deep fault-bend fold,the fault-bend fold have a lower decollement flat located in Jurassic coal bed.The western Southern Qiulitag anticline is a detachment fold cored by Paleocene-Eocene Kumugeliemu Fm.salt.Kuchetow anticline plunge to west,Southern Qiulitag anticline plunge to east,so the two antclines plunge with their underlying faults individually.As a result,as (1) the eastern part and western part of Qiulitag anticline zone involved in deformed strara,(2)the displacements of the three decollements converge and transform,and (3)Kuchetow anticline,Southern Qiulitag anticline and Tuokelaketan anticline converge in middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone,so the deformation of middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone is complex.Based on study results,a 3-D model is proposed to illustrate the deformed mechanism of middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone.
引文
陈楚铭,卢华复,贾东,贾承造.1999． 塔里木盆地北缘库车再生前陆褶皱逆冲带中丘里塔格前锋带的构造与油气.地质论评,45(4) :423-433． Chen Chuming,Lu Huafu,Jia Dong and Jia Chengzao.1999． Structures and petroleum accumulation in the Qiulitag thrust front of the Kuqa rejuvenated foreland fold thrust belt on the northern margin of the Tarim Basin.Geological Review,45(4) :423-433．
陈宁华,汪新,李世琴.2009． 南天山秋里塔格构造带中段地表变形遥感定量解译.地质科学,44(3) :931-944Chen Ninghua,Wang Xin and Li Shiqin.2009． Surface deformation of the middle segment in the Qiulitag belt of the southern Tianshan Mountain,China:Remote sensing-aided character extraction.Chinese Journal of Geology,44(3) :931-944．
范湘涛,卢华复,郭华东,邵芸.2000． 库车冲断带新构造遥感分析.地质论评,46(5) :499-506． Fan Xiangtao,Lu Huafu,Guo Huadong and Shao Yun.2000． Neotectonic analysis of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt by using remote sensing data.Geological Review,46(5) :499-506．
范湘涛,卢华复,阎福礼,郭华东,邵云.2002． 航天飞机成像雷达数据在库车冲断带前缘构造分析中的应用.地质科学,37(3) :257-263． Fan Xiangtao,Lu Huafu,Yan Full,Guo Huadong and Shao Yun.2002． Tectonic analysis on front of the Kuqa thrust belt using TM and SIR-C/X-SAR data.Chinese Journal of Geology,37(3) :257-263．
管树巍,陈宁华,徐峰,雷刚林.2003a.库车坳陷秋里塔格褶皱带几何学和运动学特征与油气圈闭.石油学报,24(6) :30-34． Guan Shuwei,Chen Ninghua,Xu Feng and Lei Ganglin.2003a.Properties of geometry and kinematics related to hydrocarbon traps in Qiulitag anticline zone of Kuqa Depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,24(6) :30-34．
管树巍,汪新,杨树锋,赵卫东,徐峰,雷刚林2003b.南天山库车秋里塔格褶皱带三维构造分析.地质论评,49(5) :464-473． Guan Shuwei,Wang Xin,Yang Shufeng,Zhao Weidong,Xu Feng and Lei Ganglin.2003b.3-D structural analysis on the Kuqa's Qiulitag anticline zone of the southern Tianshan Mountains,China.Geological Review,49(5) :464-473．
管树巍.2004． 南天山库车、喀什晚新生代冲断褶皱带构造几何学和运动学分析.浙江大学博士论文.14-30． Guan Shuwei.2004． Geometric and Kinematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Kuche and Kashi Area,Southern Tianshan.Zhejiang University PHD.14-30．
苗继军,贾承造,王招明,齐英敏,张君峰,赵恩宏.2005． 塔里木盆地北部库车地区秋里塔格构造带地层结构及其对构造变形的制约.地质科学,40(4) :558-569． Miao Jijun,Jia Chengzao,Wang Zhaoming,Qi Yingmin,Zhang Junfeng and Zhao Enhong.2005． Stratigraphic configuration control on tectonic deformation along the Qiultag anticline belt of Kuqa area,northern Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(4) :558-569．
万桂梅,汤良杰,金文正,李生青,吴月风.2006． 库车前陆盆地与波斯湾盆地盐构造对比研究.世界地质,25(1) :59-66． Wan Guimei,Tang Liangjie,Jin Wenzheng,Li Shengqing and Wu Yuefeng.2006． Comparison of Kuqa Foreland Basin with Persian Gulf Basin in salt tectonics.Global Geology,25(1) :59-66．
汪新,贾承造,杨树锋,Hubert-Ferrari A,Suppe J.2002． 南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间--以库车河地区为例.地质学报,76(1) :55-63． Wang Xin,Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng,Hubert-Ferrari A and Suppe J.2002． The time of deformation on the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in the southern Tianshan-Based on the Kuqa river area.Acta Geologica Sinica,76(1) :55-63．
张仲培,王清晨,王毅.2007． 库车坳陷克依构造带坎亚肯背斜变形序列及其ESR年代.地球学报,28(1) :23-31． Zhang Zhongpei,Wang Qingchen and Wang Yi.2007． Progressive structural deformation and ESR dating ages of Kanyaken anticline in Kelasu-Yiqikelike structural belt of the Kuqa Depression.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,28(1) :23-31．
周兴熙.2000． 库车坳陷第三系盐膏质盖层特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用.古地理学报,2(4) :51-57． Zhou Xingxi.2000． The features of Tertiary halite-gypsum caprocks and their control on forming of oil and gas pools in Kuqa Depressions.Journal ofPalaeogeography,2(4) :51-57．
Chen S P,Tang L J,Jin Z J,Jia C Z and Pi X J.2004． Trust and fold tectonics and the role of evaporites in deformation in the western Kuqa foreland of Tarim Basin,northwest China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21:1027-1042．
Epard J L and Groshong R H.1993． Excess area and depth to detachment.AAPG Bulletin,77(8) :1291-1302．
Gonzalez-Mieres R and Suppe J.2006． Relief and shortening in detachment folds.Journal of Structural Geology,28(10) :1785-1807．
Medwedeff D A and Suppe.1． 1997． Multibend fault-bend folding.Journal of Structural Geology,19(3-4) :279-292．
Shaw J H,Hook S C and Suppe J.1994． Structural trend analysis by axial surface mapping.AAPG Bulletin,78(5) :700-721．
Suppe J and Medwedeff D.1990． Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3) :409-454．
Suppe J.1983． Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding.American Journal of Science,283:684-721．
陈宁华,汪新,李世琴.2009． 南天山秋里塔格构造带中段地表变形遥感定量解译.地质科学,44(3) :931-944Chen Ninghua,Wang Xin and Li Shiqin.2009． Surface deformation of the middle segment in the Qiulitag belt of the southern Tianshan Mountain,China:Remote sensing-aided character extraction.Chinese Journal of Geology,44(3) :931-944．
范湘涛,卢华复,郭华东,邵芸.2000． 库车冲断带新构造遥感分析.地质论评,46(5) :499-506． Fan Xiangtao,Lu Huafu,Guo Huadong and Shao Yun.2000． Neotectonic analysis of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt by using remote sensing data.Geological Review,46(5) :499-506．
范湘涛,卢华复,阎福礼,郭华东,邵云.2002． 航天飞机成像雷达数据在库车冲断带前缘构造分析中的应用.地质科学,37(3) :257-263． Fan Xiangtao,Lu Huafu,Yan Full,Guo Huadong and Shao Yun.2002． Tectonic analysis on front of the Kuqa thrust belt using TM and SIR-C/X-SAR data.Chinese Journal of Geology,37(3) :257-263．
管树巍,陈宁华,徐峰,雷刚林.2003a.库车坳陷秋里塔格褶皱带几何学和运动学特征与油气圈闭.石油学报,24(6) :30-34． Guan Shuwei,Chen Ninghua,Xu Feng and Lei Ganglin.2003a.Properties of geometry and kinematics related to hydrocarbon traps in Qiulitag anticline zone of Kuqa Depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,24(6) :30-34．
管树巍,汪新,杨树锋,赵卫东,徐峰,雷刚林2003b.南天山库车秋里塔格褶皱带三维构造分析.地质论评,49(5) :464-473． Guan Shuwei,Wang Xin,Yang Shufeng,Zhao Weidong,Xu Feng and Lei Ganglin.2003b.3-D structural analysis on the Kuqa's Qiulitag anticline zone of the southern Tianshan Mountains,China.Geological Review,49(5) :464-473．
管树巍.2004． 南天山库车、喀什晚新生代冲断褶皱带构造几何学和运动学分析.浙江大学博士论文.14-30． Guan Shuwei.2004． Geometric and Kinematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Kuche and Kashi Area,Southern Tianshan.Zhejiang University PHD.14-30．
苗继军,贾承造,王招明,齐英敏,张君峰,赵恩宏.2005． 塔里木盆地北部库车地区秋里塔格构造带地层结构及其对构造变形的制约.地质科学,40(4) :558-569． Miao Jijun,Jia Chengzao,Wang Zhaoming,Qi Yingmin,Zhang Junfeng and Zhao Enhong.2005． Stratigraphic configuration control on tectonic deformation along the Qiultag anticline belt of Kuqa area,northern Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(4) :558-569．
万桂梅,汤良杰,金文正,李生青,吴月风.2006． 库车前陆盆地与波斯湾盆地盐构造对比研究.世界地质,25(1) :59-66． Wan Guimei,Tang Liangjie,Jin Wenzheng,Li Shengqing and Wu Yuefeng.2006． Comparison of Kuqa Foreland Basin with Persian Gulf Basin in salt tectonics.Global Geology,25(1) :59-66．
汪新,贾承造,杨树锋,Hubert-Ferrari A,Suppe J.2002． 南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间--以库车河地区为例.地质学报,76(1) :55-63． Wang Xin,Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng,Hubert-Ferrari A and Suppe J.2002． The time of deformation on the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in the southern Tianshan-Based on the Kuqa river area.Acta Geologica Sinica,76(1) :55-63．
张仲培,王清晨,王毅.2007． 库车坳陷克依构造带坎亚肯背斜变形序列及其ESR年代.地球学报,28(1) :23-31． Zhang Zhongpei,Wang Qingchen and Wang Yi.2007． Progressive structural deformation and ESR dating ages of Kanyaken anticline in Kelasu-Yiqikelike structural belt of the Kuqa Depression.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,28(1) :23-31．
周兴熙.2000． 库车坳陷第三系盐膏质盖层特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用.古地理学报,2(4) :51-57． Zhou Xingxi.2000． The features of Tertiary halite-gypsum caprocks and their control on forming of oil and gas pools in Kuqa Depressions.Journal ofPalaeogeography,2(4) :51-57．
Chen S P,Tang L J,Jin Z J,Jia C Z and Pi X J.2004． Trust and fold tectonics and the role of evaporites in deformation in the western Kuqa foreland of Tarim Basin,northwest China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21:1027-1042．
Epard J L and Groshong R H.1993． Excess area and depth to detachment.AAPG Bulletin,77(8) :1291-1302．
Gonzalez-Mieres R and Suppe J.2006． Relief and shortening in detachment folds.Journal of Structural Geology,28(10) :1785-1807．
Medwedeff D A and Suppe.1． 1997． Multibend fault-bend folding.Journal of Structural Geology,19(3-4) :279-292．
Shaw J H,Hook S C and Suppe J.1994． Structural trend analysis by axial surface mapping.AAPG Bulletin,78(5) :700-721．
Suppe J and Medwedeff D.1990． Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3) :409-454．
Suppe J.1983． Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding.American Journal of Science,283:684-721．
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