试论中国近海两个坳陷带油气地质差异性
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摘要
中国近海辽阔的海域蕴藏了丰富的油气资源,历经40年的勘探取得了丰硕的成果。限于技术、资料和研究深度,多年来人们一直认为中国近海诸盆地的类型、油气地质条件相似,属于大陆边缘的新生代断陷(裂谷)盆地。但是,对大量地震、钻井资料的分析表明,中国近海存在两个坳陷带,这两个坳陷带的构造位置、地温梯度、盆地类型、形成时期、沉积环境、油气地质条件、油气性质等明显不同。第一坳陷带包括渤海湾盆地、南黄海盆地、台北坳陷、珠一坳陷、珠三坳陷和北部湾盆地,是位于陆壳上的湖相断陷(裂谷)盆地,以生油为主。第二坳陷带包括浙东坳陷、珠二坳陷、琼东南盆地和莺歌海盆地,是陆—洋过渡壳上的海相坳陷盆地,以生气为主。第一坳陷带已经成为重要的产油区,预测第二坳陷带将会成为中国海上的大气区。
The broad offshore is very rich in oil-gas resources in China. Amounts of oil and gas were discovered in this area during 40 years of exploration. However, owing to the limitation of technology, information and research extent, it has always been considered that all the basins in China offshore are similar in types and geologic conditions and classified as the Cenozoic rift basins on the continental margin. The analysis on a massive amount of seismic and drilling data shows that there are two depression belts in China offshore. The two depression belts are evidently different from each other in their tectonic situations, geothermal gradients, basin types, forming periods, sedimentary environments, petroleum geologic conditions and petroleum properties. The first depression belt containing Bohai Bay Basin, South Yellow Sea Basin, Taibei Depression, ZhuⅠ Depression, Zhu Ⅲ Depression and Beibuwan Basin is the lacustrine rift basin located on the continental crust and mainly generates oil. The second depression belt containing Zhedong Depression, Zhu Ⅱ Depression, Qiongdongnan Basin and Yinggehai Basin belongs to the marine depression basin located on the continent-to-ocean transitional crust and mainly generates gas. The first depression belt has already become a very important oil-producing area, and the second depression belt is expected to be a large gas-producing area in China offshore.
The broad offshore is very rich in oil-gas resources in China. Amounts of oil and gas were discovered in this area during 40 years of exploration. However, owing to the limitation of technology, information and research extent, it has always been considered that all the basins in China offshore are similar in types and geologic conditions and classified as the Cenozoic rift basins on the continental margin. The analysis on a massive amount of seismic and drilling data shows that there are two depression belts in China offshore. The two depression belts are evidently different from each other in their tectonic situations, geothermal gradients, basin types, forming periods, sedimentary environments, petroleum geologic conditions and petroleum properties. The first depression belt containing Bohai Bay Basin, South Yellow Sea Basin, Taibei Depression, ZhuⅠ Depression, Zhu Ⅲ Depression and Beibuwan Basin is the lacustrine rift basin located on the continental crust and mainly generates oil. The second depression belt containing Zhedong Depression, Zhu Ⅱ Depression, Qiongdongnan Basin and Yinggehai Basin belongs to the marine depression basin located on the continent-to-ocean transitional crust and mainly generates gas. The first depression belt has already become a very important oil-producing area, and the second depression belt is expected to be a large gas-producing area in China offshore.
引文
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[16]连世勇,何敏,庞雄,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷始新世洼陷结构研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):13-16.Lian Shiyong,He Min,Pang Xiong,et al.Research on Eocene structure of Baiyun Sagin deep-water area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):13-16.
[17]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,等.南海北部白云深水区之基础地质[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(4):215-222.Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Peng Dajun,et al.Basic geology of Baiyun deep-water areain the northern South China Sea[J].Chi-na Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(4):215-222.
[18]傅宁,米立军,张功成.珠江口盆地白云凹陷烃源岩及北部油气成因[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):32-38.Fu Ning,Mi Lijun,Zhang Gongcheng.Source rocks and origin of oil and gas in the northern Baiyun Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):32-38.
[19]童晓光,关增淼.世界石油勘探开发图集:亚洲太平洋地区分册、非洲地区分册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.Tong Xiaoguang,Guan Zengmiao.Atlas of petroleumexploration and development of the world:Fascicule of Asia and Pacific,Fas-cicule of Africa[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,2001.
[20]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.Gong Zaisheng,Li Sitian,Xie Taijun,et al.Continental margin basin analysis and hydrocarbon accumulation of the northernSouth China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.
[21]董伟良,黄保家.南海莺—琼盆地煤型气的鉴别标志及气源判识[J].天然气工业,2000,20(1):23-27.Dong Weiliang,Huang Baojia.Identification marks and source discri mination of the coal type gas in YGHand QDN basins of South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(1):23-27.
[22]姜华,王华,肖军,等.珠江口盆地珠三坳陷构造反转与油气聚集[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):372-377.Jiang Hua,Wang Hua,Xiao Jun,et al.Tectonic inversion and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulationin Zhu-3Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):372-377.
[23]彭大钧,庞雄,黄先律,等.南海珠江深水扇系统的形成模式[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):7-12.Peng Dajun,Pang Xiong,Huang Xianl,et al.Depositional model of Pearl River deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):7-12.
[24]彭大钧,陈长民,庞雄,等.南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统的发现[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):17-23.Peng Dajun,Chen Changmin,Pang Xiong,et al.Discovery of deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sini-ca,2004,25(5):17-23.
[25]郑晓东,朱明,何敏,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷荔湾深水扇砂体分布预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(5):529-533.Zheng Xiaodong,Zhu Ming,He Min,et al.Prediction of Li wan deep submarine fan sand body distribution,Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2007,34(5):529-533.
[26]Price L C.Basin richness and source rock disruption:Afunda-mental relationship[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1994,17(1):5-38.
[27]谭试典.我国东部含油气盆地重力构造类型[J].石油学报,1985,6(1):9-16.Tan Shidian.Gravity tectonics and the origin of local structures in the East China sedi mentary basins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1985,6(1):9-16.
[2]朱夏.朱夏论中国含油气盆地构造[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986.Zhu Xia.Zhu Xia discussed about the tectonics of petroliferous basins in China[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1986.
[3]童崇光.中国东部裂谷系盆地的石油地质特征[J].石油学报,1980,1(4):19-26.Tong Chongguang.Some characteristics of petroleum geology of the rift systemin Eastern China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1980,1(4):19-26.
[4]邱中建,龚再升.中国油气勘探:第四卷.近海油气区[M].北京:地质出版社,石油工业出版社,1999.Qiu Zhongjian,Gong Zaisheng.Petroleum exploration in China:Vol.4[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,PetroleumIn-dustry Press,1999.
[5]龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.Gong Zaisheng,Li Sitian.Dynamic research of oil and gas accu-mulationin northern marginal basins of South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[6]翟光明.中国石油地质志,卷十六:沿海大陆架及毗邻海域油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990.Zhai Guangming.Petroleum geology of China:Vol.16[M].Bei-jing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1990.
[7]谭试典,王冰,黄子齐,等.中国中、新生代沉积盆地类型与演化[J].石油学报,1990,11(3):1-11.Tan Shidian,Wang Bing,Huang Ziqi,et al.The types and evolu-tion of Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedi mentary basins in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1990,11(3):1-11.
[8]孙镇城,杨革联,景民昌,等.中国中、新生代古湖泊与石油资源[J].中国石油勘探,2001,6(2):92-94.Sun Zhencheng,Yang Gelian,Jing Minchang,et al.The petrole-umresources of Mesozoic-Cenozoic palaolake in China[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2001,6(2):92-94.
[9]邓宏文,钱凯.深湖相泥岩的成因类型和组合演化[J].沉积学报,1990,8(3):1-20.Deng Hongwen,Qian Kai.The genetic types and association evo-lution of deep lacustrine facies mudstones[J].Acta Sedi mento-logica Sinica,1990,8(3):1-20.
[10]吴国-.古湖缺氧条件是控制富生油凹陷形成的重要因素—来自珠江口盆地的证据[J].中国海上油气(地质),1999,13(1):23-25.Wu Guoxuan.I mportant factor controlling the development of rich oil kitchen sags:Anoxic conditions—Evidences from the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geolo-gy),1999,13(1):23-25.
[11]龚再升,蔡东升,张功成.郯庐断裂对渤海海域东部油气成藏的控制作用[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):1-9.Gong Zaisheng,Cai Dongsheng,Zhang Gongcheng.Dominating action of Tanlu Fault on hydrocarbon accumulation in eastern Bohai Sea area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):1-9.
[12]万志峰,夏斌,何家雄,等.南海北部莺歌海盆地与琼东南盆地油气成藏条件比较研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(5):648-652.Wan Zhifeng,Xia Bin,He Jiaxiong,et al.The comparative study of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Yinggehai and Qiong-dongnan basins,northern South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Geo-science,2007,18(5):648-652.
[13]冯晓杰,蔡东升.东海陆架盆地中新生代构造演化对烃源岩分布的控制作用[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(6):372-375.Feng Xiaojie,Cai Dongsheng.Controls of Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution on source rock distribution in East China Sea shelf basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2006,18(6):372-375.
[14]陶瑞明.东海西湖凹陷天然气成藏条件及分布规律[J].天然气工业,1996,16(5):10-15.Tao Rui ming.Reservoir formation conditions and distribution law of natural gasin Xihu Sag of East China Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry,1996,16(5):10-15.
[15]孙玉梅,席小应.东海盆地丽水凹陷油气源对比与成藏史[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):24-28.Sun Yumei,Xi Xiaoying.Petroleum reservoir filling history and oil-source correlationinthe Lishui Sag,East China Sea Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):24-28.
[16]连世勇,何敏,庞雄,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷始新世洼陷结构研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):13-16.Lian Shiyong,He Min,Pang Xiong,et al.Research on Eocene structure of Baiyun Sagin deep-water area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):13-16.
[17]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,等.南海北部白云深水区之基础地质[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(4):215-222.Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Peng Dajun,et al.Basic geology of Baiyun deep-water areain the northern South China Sea[J].Chi-na Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(4):215-222.
[18]傅宁,米立军,张功成.珠江口盆地白云凹陷烃源岩及北部油气成因[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):32-38.Fu Ning,Mi Lijun,Zhang Gongcheng.Source rocks and origin of oil and gas in the northern Baiyun Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):32-38.
[19]童晓光,关增淼.世界石油勘探开发图集:亚洲太平洋地区分册、非洲地区分册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.Tong Xiaoguang,Guan Zengmiao.Atlas of petroleumexploration and development of the world:Fascicule of Asia and Pacific,Fas-cicule of Africa[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,2001.
[20]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.Gong Zaisheng,Li Sitian,Xie Taijun,et al.Continental margin basin analysis and hydrocarbon accumulation of the northernSouth China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.
[21]董伟良,黄保家.南海莺—琼盆地煤型气的鉴别标志及气源判识[J].天然气工业,2000,20(1):23-27.Dong Weiliang,Huang Baojia.Identification marks and source discri mination of the coal type gas in YGHand QDN basins of South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(1):23-27.
[22]姜华,王华,肖军,等.珠江口盆地珠三坳陷构造反转与油气聚集[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):372-377.Jiang Hua,Wang Hua,Xiao Jun,et al.Tectonic inversion and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulationin Zhu-3Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):372-377.
[23]彭大钧,庞雄,黄先律,等.南海珠江深水扇系统的形成模式[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):7-12.Peng Dajun,Pang Xiong,Huang Xianl,et al.Depositional model of Pearl River deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):7-12.
[24]彭大钧,陈长民,庞雄,等.南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统的发现[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):17-23.Peng Dajun,Chen Changmin,Pang Xiong,et al.Discovery of deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sini-ca,2004,25(5):17-23.
[25]郑晓东,朱明,何敏,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷荔湾深水扇砂体分布预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(5):529-533.Zheng Xiaodong,Zhu Ming,He Min,et al.Prediction of Li wan deep submarine fan sand body distribution,Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2007,34(5):529-533.
[26]Price L C.Basin richness and source rock disruption:Afunda-mental relationship[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1994,17(1):5-38.
[27]谭试典.我国东部含油气盆地重力构造类型[J].石油学报,1985,6(1):9-16.Tan Shidian.Gravity tectonics and the origin of local structures in the East China sedi mentary basins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1985,6(1):9-16.
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