准噶尔盆地南缘古近纪—新近纪前陆盆地沉积格局与演变
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摘要
针对准噶尔盆地南缘古近系和新近系碎屑岩沉积体,运用野外露头宏观分析与岩心、薄片微观描述来"定岩相和沉积相";依据地震相的不同特点及相变的不同位置,刻画湖岸线演化,从而对沉积体"定边界";根据重矿物组合特征及砂岩等厚图来"定主次物源"的方法,综合研究前陆盆地的沉积相特征。在此基础上,分析了准噶尔盆地南缘湖盆沉积格局与演变,认为准噶尔盆地南缘古近系紫泥泉子组沉积时期,湖平面较低,天山山前带发育4个规模较大的扇三角洲朵状体;至安集海河组沉积时期,湖平面上升,山前带扇三角洲发生退积,仅沉积3个规模变小的朵状体,霍尔果斯地区扇三角洲朵状体不发育。新近系沙湾组沉积时期,由于逆冲推覆构造作用,山前带地形高差大、坡度陡且气候干旱,随着湖平面的迅速下降,山前带发育更大规模进积型扇三角洲沉积。准噶尔盆地南缘古近系—新近系2个主要物源分别是中部东湾—吐谷鲁—玛纳斯背斜、西部西湖—独山子背斜;2个次要物源分别为东部呼图壁背斜和中西部霍尔果斯背斜,此4个物源流向是由南向北。北部卡因迪克地区则是来自前陆隆起区的重要物源。
Good ways are found in studying clastic deposits of the Paleogene and Neogene in southern margin of Junggar Basin. The ways are ① Lithofacies and sedimentary facies are distinguished by outcrop analyses and core and thin section description,② The boundaries of deposits are identified by recognition of shoreline evolution according to different characteristics of seismic facies and different locations of facies change and ③ The main and minor provenances are distinguished by characteristics of heavy mineral assemblages and isopach maps of sandstones. Characteristics of sedimentary facies have been studied by this comprehensive method. The depositional framework and evolution of the southern margin of Junggar Basin were analyzed on this basis. The results indicate that during the deposition of the Paleogene Ziniquanzi Formation,4 large scale fan delta deposits were developed in thrust belt of the Tianshan Mountains and the lake level was lower. During the deposition of the Anjihaihe Formation,3 fan delta deposits with decreasing sizes were developed in front of the Tianshan Mountains due to the lake level rising and the fan delta retrogration. Fan delta was not developed in Huoerguosi area. During the deposition of the Early Neogene Shawan Formation,fan deltas with larger scales were developed in front of the Mountains,the topography differences were large,the slope was steep and the climate was arid due to lake level quick falling. There are 2 main sedimentary provenances and 2 minor ones from the Paleogene to Neogene in southern margin of Junggar Basin. The main provenances are the Dongwan-Tugulu-Manas anticline in central area,the Xihu-Dushanzi anticline in western area. The minor sedimentary provenances are respectively the Hutubi anticline in eastern area and the Huoerguosi anticline in central western area. These four provenances are distributed in south-north direction. There is a very important provenance in Kayindike area which is from the foreland uplifting area.
Good ways are found in studying clastic deposits of the Paleogene and Neogene in southern margin of Junggar Basin. The ways are ① Lithofacies and sedimentary facies are distinguished by outcrop analyses and core and thin section description,② The boundaries of deposits are identified by recognition of shoreline evolution according to different characteristics of seismic facies and different locations of facies change and ③ The main and minor provenances are distinguished by characteristics of heavy mineral assemblages and isopach maps of sandstones. Characteristics of sedimentary facies have been studied by this comprehensive method. The depositional framework and evolution of the southern margin of Junggar Basin were analyzed on this basis. The results indicate that during the deposition of the Paleogene Ziniquanzi Formation,4 large scale fan delta deposits were developed in thrust belt of the Tianshan Mountains and the lake level was lower. During the deposition of the Anjihaihe Formation,3 fan delta deposits with decreasing sizes were developed in front of the Tianshan Mountains due to the lake level rising and the fan delta retrogration. Fan delta was not developed in Huoerguosi area. During the deposition of the Early Neogene Shawan Formation,fan deltas with larger scales were developed in front of the Mountains,the topography differences were large,the slope was steep and the climate was arid due to lake level quick falling. There are 2 main sedimentary provenances and 2 minor ones from the Paleogene to Neogene in southern margin of Junggar Basin. The main provenances are the Dongwan-Tugulu-Manas anticline in central area,the Xihu-Dushanzi anticline in western area. The minor sedimentary provenances are respectively the Hutubi anticline in eastern area and the Huoerguosi anticline in central western area. These four provenances are distributed in south-north direction. There is a very important provenance in Kayindike area which is from the foreland uplifting area.
引文
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武法东,陆永潮,阮小燕.1996.重矿物聚类分析在物源分析及地层对比中的应用——以东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平湖地区为例[J].现代地质,10(3):397-403.
杨景林,沈一新.2004.准噶尔盆地南缘紫泥泉子组的时空展布及成因解释[J].地层学杂志,28(3):215-222.
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章泽军.1995.根据砾石统计确定红色盆地中洪积扇体的基本原理与方法[J].中国区域地质,2:181-188.
张闻林,王世谦,肖文.2000.安集海背斜和吐谷鲁背斜成藏机制[J].天然气工业,20(5):22-26.
赵红格,刘池洋.2003.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,21(3):409-415.
周锋,梅廉夫,刘麟,等.2005.准噶尔盆地南缘喜马拉雅运动期构造应力场模拟[J].新疆石油地质,26(6):640-643.
庄新明.2006.准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷石油地质特征及勘探方向[J].新疆地质,24(4):429-433.
邓宏文,王洪亮,翟爱军,等.1999.中国陆源碎屑盆地层序地层与储集层展布[J].石油与天然气地质,20(2):108-114.
丁跃潮.1995.微量元素及重矿物判别分析在西昆仑山前第三系划分对比中的应用[J].新疆地质,13(3):275-282.
杜治利,王清晨.2007.中新生代天山地区隆升历史的裂变径迹证据[J].地质学报,81(8):1081-1101.
方世虎,郭召杰,贾承造,等.2006.准噶尔盆地南缘中—新生界沉积物重矿物分析与盆山格局演化[J].地质科学,41(4):648-662.
顾家裕,张兴阳.2005.中国西部陆内前陆盆地沉积特征与层序格架[J].沉积学报,23(2):187-193.
胡宗全,朱筱敏,彭勇民.2001.准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子地区侏罗系物源及古水流分析[J].古地理学报,3(3):49-54.
纪友亮,安爱琴,朱如凯.2008.陆相前陆盆地层序结构特征研究——以准噶尔南缘晚期前陆盆地为例[J].石油与天然气地质,29(2):237-243.
金秉福,林振宏,杨群慧,等.2002.沉积矿物学在陆缘海环境分析中的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,22(3):113-118.
况军,刘得光.2001.准噶尔盆地南缘与塔里木盆地库车坳陷天然气成藏条件对比[J].新疆石油地质,22(4):287-290.
李玮,胡健民,黎敦朋,等.2007.新疆博格达山北缘晚古生代—中生代古水流样式转折及其构造意义[J].沉积学报,25(2):283-292.
李勇,王成善,曾允孚.2000.造山作用与沉积响应[J].矿物岩石,20(2):49-56.
李忠,王道轩,林伟,等.2004.库车坳陷中新生界碎屑组分对物源类型及其构造属性的指示[J].岩石学报,20(3):655-666.
李忠权,陈更生,张寿庭.1998.新疆准噶尔盆地南缘拉张伸展动力学环境的探讨[J].高校地质学报,4(1):73-78.
罗晓容,肖立新,李学义,等.2004.准噶尔盆地南缘中段异常压力分布及影响因素[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,29(4).
吕嵘,汪新文,沈勇伟.2006.准噶尔盆地南缘中新生代构造沉降史分析[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报).
沈玉林,郭英海,李壮福,等.2006.准南山前断褶带紫泥泉子组层序地层及岩相古地理[J].新疆石油地质,27(2):169-172.
孙宜显,石云峰,于桂兴,等.2007.准噶尔盆地南缘古近系安集海河组沉积相分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,12:369-371.
万里皋,刘登明,侯六根.2005.准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带构造特征研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,40(增):40-45.
王华,吴巧生,李绍虎,等.1998.前陆盆地类型及其沉积动力学研究综述[J].地质科技情报,17(3):12-18.
吴晓智,宋志刚.1994.准噶尔盆地南缘西部第三系储集层特征及影响因素[J].石油学报,15(4):23-30.
武法东,陆永潮,阮小燕.1996.重矿物聚类分析在物源分析及地层对比中的应用——以东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平湖地区为例[J].现代地质,10(3):397-403.
杨景林,沈一新.2004.准噶尔盆地南缘紫泥泉子组的时空展布及成因解释[J].地层学杂志,28(3):215-222.
杨景林,王启飞,卢辉楠.2005.准噶尔盆地南缘呼2井晚白垩世、古新世轮藻植物群的发现及其意义[J].微体古生物学报,22(3):251-268.
张传林,赵省民,文志刚.2003.准噶尔盆地南缘辫状河三角洲沉积特征及储集性[J].新疆石油地质,24(3):202-204.
张春生,刘忠保,施冬,等.2003.砂质扇三角洲沉积过程实验研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,25(2):1-3.
章泽军.1995.根据砾石统计确定红色盆地中洪积扇体的基本原理与方法[J].中国区域地质,2:181-188.
张闻林,王世谦,肖文.2000.安集海背斜和吐谷鲁背斜成藏机制[J].天然气工业,20(5):22-26.
赵红格,刘池洋.2003.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,21(3):409-415.
周锋,梅廉夫,刘麟,等.2005.准噶尔盆地南缘喜马拉雅运动期构造应力场模拟[J].新疆石油地质,26(6):640-643.
庄新明.2006.准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷石油地质特征及勘探方向[J].新疆地质,24(4):429-433.
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