营口—潍坊断裂带对辽东湾坳陷东部凸起的形成及构造分段的控制作用——来自物理模拟实验和断层几何学特征的证据
摘要
辽东湾坳陷是渤海湾盆地的重要组成部分,其发育受营口—潍坊断裂带控制。其东支的两条分支断层大体沿其次级构造单元辽东湾东部凸起的两侧延伸。本文应用大量地震测线的构造几何学特征分析,结合构造物理模拟试验,认为辽东湾坳陷东部凸起是在先期存在的低凸起的基础上,在渐新世东营组沉积期因营口—潍坊断裂带的右行走滑形成的。以Lz205测线和Lz185测线之间为界可分为类似的两段,各自经历了一个自南而北的右旋走滑伸展—剪切走滑—右旋走滑挤压的变化过程。这种变化由北东向的基底断裂与由之派生的新生代内的北北东内断裂间的关系造成,在两者的交汇点(如Lz151)或走向发生转折处(如Lz255)右旋走滑作用发生变换,其南侧拉张下沉,正断层发育,表现为右旋走滑伸展,北侧则挤压隆升,表现为右旋走滑挤压。南、北两侧相反的力学性质是走滑活动派生的局部差异应力场造成的。构造物理模拟试验证实了右旋走滑伸展—剪切走滑—右旋走滑挤压的变化过程。
The Cenozoic development of the Liaodong Bay Depression, located in northern part of the Bohai Bay Basin, was controlled by the Yingkou-Weifang fault zone. The East Rise, its suborder tectonic unit, was sandwiched in between two branch faults. Based on structural interpretation of several seismic profiles across the Liaodong Bay Depression, the structural geometry characters of the faults on both sides of the East Rise were systematically analysed. The East Rise of Liaodong Bay Depression might come into being on a lower uplift during Oligocene (sedimentary period of the Dongying Formation), resulted from dextral strike-slipping of the Yingkou-Weifang fault zone.The rise could be divided into two segments, with the seismic lines of Lz205 and Lz185 being a boundary. Each segment showed a change, with their northward stretching, from dextral transextension to shearing, then became a dextral transcompression. The structural segmentation should be caused by varied orientations of the basement fault (NE-striking) and the induced Cenozoic fault (NNE-striking). In the southern segment, the both of faults converged near the seismic line Lz151, where the transextention fault to the south of the line changed to shearing then became a transcompression fault. In the southern terminal of the northern segment, the both of faults diverged again and the dextral transextention dominated again. At the seismic line Lz255, the NE-striking fault zigzaged, and corespondingly, the fault changed to strike-slipping and then became a transcompression fault. Our physical modeling experiments repeated the changing of dextral transextention-shearing-dextral transcompression, which confirmed that the mechanical variation and structural segmentation should be resulted from variation of local stress fields induced by dextral strike-slipping of the Yingkou-Weifang fault zone since Oligocene.
The Cenozoic development of the Liaodong Bay Depression, located in northern part of the Bohai Bay Basin, was controlled by the Yingkou-Weifang fault zone. The East Rise, its suborder tectonic unit, was sandwiched in between two branch faults. Based on structural interpretation of several seismic profiles across the Liaodong Bay Depression, the structural geometry characters of the faults on both sides of the East Rise were systematically analysed. The East Rise of Liaodong Bay Depression might come into being on a lower uplift during Oligocene (sedimentary period of the Dongying Formation), resulted from dextral strike-slipping of the Yingkou-Weifang fault zone.The rise could be divided into two segments, with the seismic lines of Lz205 and Lz185 being a boundary. Each segment showed a change, with their northward stretching, from dextral transextension to shearing, then became a dextral transcompression. The structural segmentation should be caused by varied orientations of the basement fault (NE-striking) and the induced Cenozoic fault (NNE-striking). In the southern segment, the both of faults converged near the seismic line Lz151, where the transextention fault to the south of the line changed to shearing then became a transcompression fault. In the southern terminal of the northern segment, the both of faults diverged again and the dextral transextention dominated again. At the seismic line Lz255, the NE-striking fault zigzaged, and corespondingly, the fault changed to strike-slipping and then became a transcompression fault. Our physical modeling experiments repeated the changing of dextral transextention-shearing-dextral transcompression, which confirmed that the mechanical variation and structural segmentation should be resulted from variation of local stress fields induced by dextral strike-slipping of the Yingkou-Weifang fault zone since Oligocene.
引文
曹忠祥.2008.营口—潍坊断裂带新生代走滑拉分—裂陷盆地伸展量、沉降量估算.地质科学,43(1):65—81.Cao Zhongxiang.2008.Calculation of extension and subsidence of the Cenozoic pull-apart and rift basins along the Yingkou—Weifang fault zone.Chinese Jour.Geol.,43(1):65—81.
崔向东,王仁厚,石敦久,袁清秋,马宏斌.2007.辽河坳陷滩海月东油田新近系馆陶组底界研究.地质科学,42(3):455—468.Cui Xiangdong,Wang Renhou,Shi Dunjiu,Yuan Qingqiu and Ma Hongbin.2007.Basal beds of the Neogene Guantao For-mation in Yuedong Oilfield,beach area of the Liaohe Depression.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(3):455—468.
李宏伟,许坤.2001.郯庐断裂走滑活动与辽河盆地构造古地理格局.地学前缘,8(4):467—470.Li Hongwei and Xu Kun.2001.The dextral strike-slip faulting of Tan-Lu fault zone and the structural oil fields distribution inLiaohe Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,8(4):467—470.
刘东旺,夏瑞良,刘泽民,沈小七,李敏莉,闫素萍.2006.郯庐断裂带安徽段现代地震活动及应力场特征.地质科学,41(2):278—290.Liu Dongwang,Xia Ruiliang,Liu Zemin,Shen Xiaoqi,Li Minli and Yan Suping.2006.Characteristics of recent seismicityand stress fields in Anhui sector of the Tan-Lu fault zone.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(2):278—290.
漆家福.2004.渤海湾新生代盆地的两种构造系统及其成因解释.中国地质,31(1):15—22.Qi Jiafu.2004.Two tectonic systems in the Cenozoic Bohai Bay basin and their genetic interpretation.Geology in China,31(1):15—22.
漆家福,陈发景.1995.下辽河—辽东湾新生代裂陷盆地的构造解析.北京:地质出版社.44—53.Qi Jiafu and Chen Fajing.1995.Structural Analysis of the Cenozoic Xialiaohe-Liaodongwan Rift Basin.Beijing:GeologicalPubl.House.44—53.
漆家福,杨桥,陈发景,陈昭年.1994.辽东湾—下辽河盆地新生代构造的运动学特征及其演化过程.现代地质,8(1):34—42.Qi Jiafu,Yang Qiao,Chen Fajing and Chen Zhaonian.1994.Kinematic characteristics and evolution of the Cenozoic tectonicsin Liaodongwan-Xialiaohe Basin.Geoscience,8(1):34—42.
单家增,孙红军,肖乾华,汪道京,许坤,刘晓峰,申大媛,孙素青.2001辽河盆地右行走滑构造运动新证据——基于岩样显微扫描电镜实验结果.地球物理学报,44(6):793—798.Shan Jiazeng,Sun Hongjun,Xiao Qianhua,Wang Daojing,Xu Kun,Liu Xiaofeng,Shen Dayuan and Sun Suqing.2001.Newproofs of the dextral strike-slip movement in Liaohe Basin,China:Results fromSEMexperiments.Chinese Jour.Geo-phys.,44(6):793—798.
单家增,孙红军,肖乾华,汪道京,许坤,刘晓峰,申大媛,孙素青.2003.辽河盆地古近纪二期构造演化特征的研究.地球物理学报.46(1):73—78.Shan Jiazeng,Sun Hongjun,Xiao Qianhua,Wang Daojing,Xu Kun,Liu Xiaofeng,Shen Dayuan and Sun Suqing.2003.Studyon characters of two phases structural evolution at the Liaohe Basin,China during Paleogene times.ChineseJour.Geophys.,46(1):73—78.
单家增,张占文,孙红军,肖乾华,许坤,金健,汪道京.2004a.营口—佟二堡断裂带成因机制的构造物理模拟实验研究.石油勘探与开发,31(1):15—17.Shan Jiazeng,Zhang Zhanwen,Sun Hongjun,Xiao Qianhua,Xu Kun,Jin Jian and Wang Daojing.2004a.Modeling experi-ments of generation mechanism of Yingkou-Tongerbu fracture zone in the Liaohe Depression.Petroleum Explorationand Development,31(1):15—17.
单家增,张占文,肖乾华.2004b.辽河坳陷古近纪两期构造演化的构造物理模拟实验.石油勘探与开发,31(3):14—17.Shan Jiazeng,Zhang Zhanwen and Xiao Qianhua.2004b.Modeling experiments of two-phase structural evolution in the LiaoheDepression,Paleogene.Petroleum Exploration and Development,31(3):14—17.
吴根耀,梁兴,陈焕疆.2007.试论郯城—庐江断裂带的形成、演化及其性质.地质科学,42(1):160—175.Wu Genyao,Liang Xing and Chen Huanjiang.2007.An approach to the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone:Its creation,evolutionand character.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(1):160—175.
于建国,李三忠,王金铎,王新红,路慎强.2005.东营凹陷盐底辟作用与中央隆起带断裂构造成因.地质科学,40(1):55—68.Yu Jianguo,Li Sanzhong,Wang Jinduo,Wang Xinhong and Lu Shenqiang.2005.Salt diapirism and faulting of the CentralUplift Belt in the Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,North China.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(1):55—68.
张卫海,刘景新,吴智平,刘计国.2005.辽河东部凹陷北部古近系输导体系及其对油气运移的影响.石油大学学报(自然科学版),29(5):19—22.Zhan Weihai,Liu Jingxin,Wu Zhiping and Liu Jiguo.2005.Paleogene passage system in the northern part of Liaohe easterndepression and its effect on hydrocarbon migration.Journal ofChina University ofPetroleum,29(5):19—22.
郑孟林,吴铁生,王桂梁,高庆胜,邓秀春.2004.辽河坳陷断层的选择性反转特征.石油地球物理勘探,39(2):228—231.Zheng Menglin,Wu Tiesheng,Wang Guiliang,Gao Qingsheng and Deng Xiuchun.2004.Selective-inverted characters offaults in Liaohe Depression.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,39(2):228—231.
Li Yuan-Hsiao,Graham S A and Tilander N.2004.Seismic reflection images of a major strike-slip fault zone in a rift system:Paleogene structure and evolution of the Tan-Lu fault system,Liaodong Bay,Bohai,offshore China.AAPG Bull.,88(1):71—99.
Northrup C J,Royden L Hand Burchfiel B C.1995.Motion of the Pacific plate relative to Eurasia and its potential relation toCenozoic extension along the eastern margin of Eurasia.Geology,23(8):719—722.
Woodcock NH.1986.The role of strike-slip fault systems at plate boundaries.Royal SocietyofLondon Philosophical Transac-tions,317(Series A):13—29.
Woodcock N Hand Fisch M.1986.Strike-slip duplexes.Jour.Struct.Geol.,8(7):725—735.
崔向东,王仁厚,石敦久,袁清秋,马宏斌.2007.辽河坳陷滩海月东油田新近系馆陶组底界研究.地质科学,42(3):455—468.Cui Xiangdong,Wang Renhou,Shi Dunjiu,Yuan Qingqiu and Ma Hongbin.2007.Basal beds of the Neogene Guantao For-mation in Yuedong Oilfield,beach area of the Liaohe Depression.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(3):455—468.
李宏伟,许坤.2001.郯庐断裂走滑活动与辽河盆地构造古地理格局.地学前缘,8(4):467—470.Li Hongwei and Xu Kun.2001.The dextral strike-slip faulting of Tan-Lu fault zone and the structural oil fields distribution inLiaohe Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,8(4):467—470.
刘东旺,夏瑞良,刘泽民,沈小七,李敏莉,闫素萍.2006.郯庐断裂带安徽段现代地震活动及应力场特征.地质科学,41(2):278—290.Liu Dongwang,Xia Ruiliang,Liu Zemin,Shen Xiaoqi,Li Minli and Yan Suping.2006.Characteristics of recent seismicityand stress fields in Anhui sector of the Tan-Lu fault zone.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(2):278—290.
漆家福.2004.渤海湾新生代盆地的两种构造系统及其成因解释.中国地质,31(1):15—22.Qi Jiafu.2004.Two tectonic systems in the Cenozoic Bohai Bay basin and their genetic interpretation.Geology in China,31(1):15—22.
漆家福,陈发景.1995.下辽河—辽东湾新生代裂陷盆地的构造解析.北京:地质出版社.44—53.Qi Jiafu and Chen Fajing.1995.Structural Analysis of the Cenozoic Xialiaohe-Liaodongwan Rift Basin.Beijing:GeologicalPubl.House.44—53.
漆家福,杨桥,陈发景,陈昭年.1994.辽东湾—下辽河盆地新生代构造的运动学特征及其演化过程.现代地质,8(1):34—42.Qi Jiafu,Yang Qiao,Chen Fajing and Chen Zhaonian.1994.Kinematic characteristics and evolution of the Cenozoic tectonicsin Liaodongwan-Xialiaohe Basin.Geoscience,8(1):34—42.
单家增,孙红军,肖乾华,汪道京,许坤,刘晓峰,申大媛,孙素青.2001辽河盆地右行走滑构造运动新证据——基于岩样显微扫描电镜实验结果.地球物理学报,44(6):793—798.Shan Jiazeng,Sun Hongjun,Xiao Qianhua,Wang Daojing,Xu Kun,Liu Xiaofeng,Shen Dayuan and Sun Suqing.2001.Newproofs of the dextral strike-slip movement in Liaohe Basin,China:Results fromSEMexperiments.Chinese Jour.Geo-phys.,44(6):793—798.
单家增,孙红军,肖乾华,汪道京,许坤,刘晓峰,申大媛,孙素青.2003.辽河盆地古近纪二期构造演化特征的研究.地球物理学报.46(1):73—78.Shan Jiazeng,Sun Hongjun,Xiao Qianhua,Wang Daojing,Xu Kun,Liu Xiaofeng,Shen Dayuan and Sun Suqing.2003.Studyon characters of two phases structural evolution at the Liaohe Basin,China during Paleogene times.ChineseJour.Geophys.,46(1):73—78.
单家增,张占文,孙红军,肖乾华,许坤,金健,汪道京.2004a.营口—佟二堡断裂带成因机制的构造物理模拟实验研究.石油勘探与开发,31(1):15—17.Shan Jiazeng,Zhang Zhanwen,Sun Hongjun,Xiao Qianhua,Xu Kun,Jin Jian and Wang Daojing.2004a.Modeling experi-ments of generation mechanism of Yingkou-Tongerbu fracture zone in the Liaohe Depression.Petroleum Explorationand Development,31(1):15—17.
单家增,张占文,肖乾华.2004b.辽河坳陷古近纪两期构造演化的构造物理模拟实验.石油勘探与开发,31(3):14—17.Shan Jiazeng,Zhang Zhanwen and Xiao Qianhua.2004b.Modeling experiments of two-phase structural evolution in the LiaoheDepression,Paleogene.Petroleum Exploration and Development,31(3):14—17.
吴根耀,梁兴,陈焕疆.2007.试论郯城—庐江断裂带的形成、演化及其性质.地质科学,42(1):160—175.Wu Genyao,Liang Xing and Chen Huanjiang.2007.An approach to the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone:Its creation,evolutionand character.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(1):160—175.
于建国,李三忠,王金铎,王新红,路慎强.2005.东营凹陷盐底辟作用与中央隆起带断裂构造成因.地质科学,40(1):55—68.Yu Jianguo,Li Sanzhong,Wang Jinduo,Wang Xinhong and Lu Shenqiang.2005.Salt diapirism and faulting of the CentralUplift Belt in the Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,North China.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(1):55—68.
张卫海,刘景新,吴智平,刘计国.2005.辽河东部凹陷北部古近系输导体系及其对油气运移的影响.石油大学学报(自然科学版),29(5):19—22.Zhan Weihai,Liu Jingxin,Wu Zhiping and Liu Jiguo.2005.Paleogene passage system in the northern part of Liaohe easterndepression and its effect on hydrocarbon migration.Journal ofChina University ofPetroleum,29(5):19—22.
郑孟林,吴铁生,王桂梁,高庆胜,邓秀春.2004.辽河坳陷断层的选择性反转特征.石油地球物理勘探,39(2):228—231.Zheng Menglin,Wu Tiesheng,Wang Guiliang,Gao Qingsheng and Deng Xiuchun.2004.Selective-inverted characters offaults in Liaohe Depression.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,39(2):228—231.
Li Yuan-Hsiao,Graham S A and Tilander N.2004.Seismic reflection images of a major strike-slip fault zone in a rift system:Paleogene structure and evolution of the Tan-Lu fault system,Liaodong Bay,Bohai,offshore China.AAPG Bull.,88(1):71—99.
Northrup C J,Royden L Hand Burchfiel B C.1995.Motion of the Pacific plate relative to Eurasia and its potential relation toCenozoic extension along the eastern margin of Eurasia.Geology,23(8):719—722.
Woodcock NH.1986.The role of strike-slip fault systems at plate boundaries.Royal SocietyofLondon Philosophical Transac-tions,317(Series A):13—29.
Woodcock N Hand Fisch M.1986.Strike-slip duplexes.Jour.Struct.Geol.,8(7):725—735.
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