地震可检测性分辨率研究
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
探测厚度小于或远小于λ/4的薄层(薄煤层、薄砂岩储层等)以及宽度有限或长度、宽度有限且高度小于λ/4的非规则二度体(如地下暗河)和三度体(如溶洞)已是地震勘探的重要目标。近年来,这方面的探索研究已经取得一定进展。但人们对厚度(高度)小于λ/4的薄层(非规则体)能否被检测出来产生了质疑。分析表明,常用的分辨率定义(如瑞利、瑞克的λ/4、威迪斯的λ/8等)是用地震波的特征确定薄层厚度的,可以用其回答"薄层有多薄"的问题,因此,准确地说,上述分辨率应该称之为薄层厚度分辨率。用这类分辨率定义来判断薄层是否可被检测,有其不适应性。研究表明,薄层(非规则体)能否被检测的关键是其反射波(属性)能否从背景反射(属性)中区分出来,用这一思想可以回答"多薄的薄层、多小的非规则体可以被检测"的问题,这即是地震可检测性分辨率。讨论了薄层和非规则体可检测性分辨率的一些定量指标,给出了薄煤层、碳酸盐岩溶洞型储集体和薄砂岩储层检测的实例。
The detection of layers which thickness(height) is less or far less than λ/4(such as thin coal bed and thin sand reservoir) have become an important target for seismic exploration,so do the irregular 2-D(such as undercurrent) and 3-D bodies(such as caves) thinner than λ/4 with limited width or with limited width & length.In recent years,researchers have made some progress on the above targets.However,it is doubted that the layer with thickness(height) smaller than λ/4 can be detected.The definition of the conventional seismic resolution such as λ/4(Rayleigh or Ricker) or λ/8(Widess) is by using the characteristics of seismic wave to verify the thickness of thin layers,which can be used to answer "how thin for a thin layer".Therefore,the above resolutions should be called as "Resolution on thickness of thin layer".This kind of resolution is not adaptive to estimate whether the bed is detectable.Research indicates that the essence of thin layer can be detected is that its reflection(attributes) could be distinguished from its background(attributes).In terms of this theory,one new resolution is presented,which is called as seismic detectable resolution.The seismic detectable resolution answers the questions of "what is the minimum thickness of detectable thin bed" and "what is the minimum size of detectable irregular body".In the paper,we discussed some quantitative indexes for the detectable resolution of thin layers and irregular bodies,and displayed some detection samples for thin coal bed,carbonate carven reservoirs and thin sand reservoirs.
引文
[1]唐文榜.地震反射法中薄煤层分辨能力的研究[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(6):641-652 Tang W B.On resolution of a thin seam in reflection seismic exploration[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1987,30(6):641-652
    [2]唐文榜.高分辨率地震勘探在煤田勘查中的应用效果[J].物探与化探,1987,11(2):89-99 Tang W B.The application of high-resolution seismic exploration to coalfield survey and its effect[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1987,11(2):89-99
    [3]Tang W B.High-resolution seismic surveying in the Yongcheng coalfield,Henan Province[J].Expanded Abstracts of 60 th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1989,119-134
    [4]唐文榜.河南永城煤田高分辨率地震勘探的应用效果[C]//曾繁超,王振东.勘查地球物理勘查地球化学文集.北京:地质出版社,1993:62-73 Tang W B.Application of High-resolution seismic surveying in the Yongcheng coalfield,Henan Province[C]//Zeng F C,Wang Z D.Contributions to the Exploration Geophysics and Geochemistry(15).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993:62-73
    [5]中国矿床发现史编委会.中国矿床发现史(物探化探卷)[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:138 Chinese editing committee of the discovery history of mineral deposits of China.The discovery history of mineral deposits of China(Volume of geophysical and geochemical exploration)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002:138
    [6]唐文榜,张少岭,李森乔.煤田地震普查模拟资料重新处理解释的效果[C]//曾繁超,王振东.勘查地球物理勘查地球化学文集.北京:地质出版社,1993:74-85 Tang W B,Zhang S L,Li S Q.The results of reprocessing and reinterpreting the analog data about seismic-surve of the coal fields[C]//Zeng F C,Wang Z D.Contributions to the Exploration Geophysics and Geochemistry.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993:74-85
    [7]凌云研究组.地震分辨率极限问题的研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):435-442 Ling Yun Researching Team.The researching about seismic resolving power high-point question[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(4):435-442
    [8]李庆忠.岩性油气藏地震勘探若干问题的讨论(Ⅱ)——关于垂向分辨率的认识[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(3):1-5 Li Q Z.The discussion on seismic exploration of lithol-ogic reservoirs(Ⅱ):Seismic vertical resolution[J].Northwest Oil&Gas Exploration,2008,20(3):1-5
    [9]唐文榜,刘来祥,樊佳方,等.溶洞充填物判识的频率差异分析技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):41-44 Tang W B,Liu L X,Fan J F,et al.Analysis tech-nique of frequency difference for discrimination of cavity fillers[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2002,23(1):41-44
    [10]姚姚,唐文榜.深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳洞缝型油气藏可检测性的理论研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):623-629 Yao Y,Tang W B.The theoretical researching of de-tecting for deeply carbonate grotto mantlerrock cavi-ty reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(6):623-629
    [11]漆立新,顾汉明,李宗杰,等.基于地震波振幅分辨塔河油田溶洞最小高度的理论探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1499-1506 Qi L X,Gu H M,Li Z J,et al.Theoretical discussion on resolution of maximum height of cavity in the Tahe Oilfield based on seismic amplitude[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1499-1506
    [12]王士敏.塔河油田奥陶系储层地震响应特征研究[J].新疆地质,2003,21(2):214-216 Wang S M.The study on seismic response charac-teristics of karst fissure-cave-typed carbonate reser-voir in Ordovician of Tahe Oilfield[J].Xinjiang Ge-ology,2003,21(2):214-216
    [13]龚洪林,王振卿,李录明,等.应用地震分频技术预测碳酸盐岩储层[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):129-135 Gong H L,Wang Z Q,Li L M.Predicting carbonate res-ervoir by applying seismic spectral decomposition tech-nique[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(1):129-135
    [14]云美厚.地震分辨率[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(1):13-18 Yun M H.On seismic resolution[J].Progress in Ex-ploration Geophysics,2005,28(1):13-18
    [15]云美厚,丁伟.地震分辨力新认识[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):603-608 Yun M H,Ding W.New understand on resolution power of seismic systems[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(5):603-608
    [16]李庆忠.地震勘探分辨率与信噪比谱的关系——答云美厚“地震分辨力新认识”一文[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):244-245 Li Q Z.Relationship between resolution of seismic exploration and spectrum of S/N ratio[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2008,43(2):244-245
    [17]欧庆贤.论高分辨力地震勘探——要迅速普及发展高分辨力地震[J].石油物探,1991,30(1):1-2Ou Q X.About high resolution power of seismic ex-ploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole-um,1991,30(1):1-2
    [18]黄绪德.关于提高地震勘探分辨率的问题[J].江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(3):35-40 Huang X D.On the raising of resolution of seismic exploration[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Insti-tute,1996,18(3):35-40
    [19]刘文霖.油气田地震开发地震技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:108-113 Liu W L.Seismic technology of oil and gas field pro-duction[M].Beijing:Oil Industry Publishing Com-pany,1996:108-113
    [20]王赟,邢春颖.地震资料处理解释的分辨机理初探[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1):35-39 Wang Y,Xing C Y.The discussing on resolution power of seismic data processing[J].Journal of Coal Science&Engineering,2001,26(1):35-39
    [21]Kallweit M S.The limit of resolution of zero-phase wavelet[J].Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046
    [22]Widess M B.How thin is a thin bed?[J].Geophys-ics,1973,38(8):1176-1254
    [23]Farr J B.High-resolution seismic methods improve stratigraphic exploration[J].Oil&Gas Journal,1977,75(48):182-188
    [24]唐文榜.Tg1是奥陶侵蚀面的反射波吗[J].Expand-ed Abstracts of1993Annual Internat SEG/CPS Mtg,1993,548 Tang W B.Is Tg1areflection of Ordovician erosion surface?[J].Expanded Abstracts of1993Annual Internat SEG/CPS Mtg,1993,548
    [25]许云.地震层状构造理论及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981:99-128 Xu Y.Theory on the conception seismic bedded structures and its application[M].Beijing:Oil Indus-try Publishing Company,1981:99-128
    [26]赵鸿儒,唐文榜,郭铁拴.超声地震模型试验技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986:270-280 Zhao H R,Tang W B,Guo T S.Technology of ultra-sonic seismic model experimentation and its applica-tion[M].Beijing:Oil Industry Publishing Company,1986:270-283
    [27]唐文榜,许云.非线性层状构造理论的模型试验研究——高速夹层的透射波和反射波[J].石油物探,1983,22(2):1-11 Tang W B,Xu Y.A survey of model studies on the conception of non-linear bedded structures:transmit-ted wave and reflected wave of high-speed intermedi-ate layers[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole-um,1983,22(2):1-11

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心