普通公众对汶川8.0级地震灾害认知与响应测评研究——以陕西南郑为例
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摘要
为了深入了解普通公众对地震灾害感知程度,为减少灾害损失和区域防震减灾战略的制定和实施提供科学依据,运用问卷调查和深度访谈的方法,系统分析了四川汶川8.0级地震陕西南郑灾区公众对地震灾害的认知与响应。结果表明:(1)在认知与响应地震灾害方面,公众的防震减灾技能最差,地震灾害知识和震后情绪与信息的传播较差,自救互救实况较好,综合水平与能力还很不理想;(2)普通公众掌握的地震知识准确性和理解深度还有待加强;(3)增强区域防震减灾综合能力的有效途径是提高公众掌握防震减灾技能的程度及普通公众自救互救知识和能力;(4)当地政府的针对性宣传和权威媒体的报道是震后公众获取地震灾害信息的主要渠道,因而推进政府地震灾害信息公开化和透明化是减轻灾害风险的有效途径。
In order to better understand the public's perception to earthquake disaster and to provide the scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of the strategy of disaster loss reduction and regional earthquake mitigation,by the questionnaire survey and the deep interview,we systematically analyze the public's perception and responses to the disaster of MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-stricken-Nanzheng in southern Shaanxi.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)the public's earthquake disaster-coping skill is the worst,the public's level of knowledge of earthquake disaster is poor,and the ability to keep calm and correctly spread information is low,while the ability of self and mutual rescue are better.(2)The overall accuracy and understanding of the earthquake knowledge for the public still needs to be strengthened.(3)An effective measure to enhance the synthesizing ability of earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation is to improve public's perception to earthquake disaster,especially earthquake disaster-coping skills,and the capabilities of self and mutual rescue.(4)The targeted propaganda of local government and the authoritative media's reports are the main channel for the public's access to the earthquake disaster information after earthquake,thus an effective way to reduce the earthquake disaster risk is to promote the publicity and transparency of the government's information.
In order to better understand the public's perception to earthquake disaster and to provide the scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of the strategy of disaster loss reduction and regional earthquake mitigation,by the questionnaire survey and the deep interview,we systematically analyze the public's perception and responses to the disaster of MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-stricken-Nanzheng in southern Shaanxi.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)the public's earthquake disaster-coping skill is the worst,the public's level of knowledge of earthquake disaster is poor,and the ability to keep calm and correctly spread information is low,while the ability of self and mutual rescue are better.(2)The overall accuracy and understanding of the earthquake knowledge for the public still needs to be strengthened.(3)An effective measure to enhance the synthesizing ability of earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation is to improve public's perception to earthquake disaster,especially earthquake disaster-coping skills,and the capabilities of self and mutual rescue.(4)The targeted propaganda of local government and the authoritative media's reports are the main channel for the public's access to the earthquake disaster information after earthquake,thus an effective way to reduce the earthquake disaster risk is to promote the publicity and transparency of the government's information.
引文
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叶笃正.1999.中国的全球变化与可持续发展研究[J].地球科学进展,14(4):317-318.
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张黎黎,钱铭怡.2004.美国重大灾难及危机的国家心理卫生服务系统[J].中国心理卫生杂志,18(6):395-397.
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周旗,郁耀闯.2009a.乡村居民灾害感知分析[J].中国农学通报,25(3):301-306.
周旗,郁耀闯.2009b.乡村与城市社区居民灾害感知比较研究[J].西北大学学报,39(1):149-154.
Z h ou Q,Liu J Y,Zhao J B.2003.Study on Index System of Assessment ofPublic Disaster Perception in the Western China[J].Chinese Geo-graphical Science,(3):284-288.
符淙斌,董文杰,温刚,等.2003.全球变化的区域响应和适应[J].气象学报,61(2):245-250.
贾群林,周柏贾,颜军利,等.2007.地震灾害过程的仿真建模方法和再现技术[J].自然灾害学报,16(6):165-170.
姜纪沂,迟宝明,谷洪彪,等.2009.汶川8.0级地震北川县城震害原因分析[J].地震研究,32(4):382-386.
李景宜,周旗,严瑞.2002.国民灾害感知能力测评指标体系研究[J].自然灾害学报,11(4):129-134.
刘东生.2002.全球变化和可持续发展科学[J].地学前缘,9(1):-8.
吕君,陈田,刘丽梅.2009.旅游者环境意识的调查与分析[J].地理研究,28(1):259-270.
苏桂武,马宗晋,王若嘉,等.2009.汶川地震灾区公众认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其减灾宣教意义[J].地震地质,30(4):877-894.
田青,方修琦,乔佃峰.2005.以吉林省安图县为例说明人类对全球变化适应的行为心理学研究[J].地球科学进展,20(8):916-919.
王兴中,郑国强,李贵才,等.1988.行为地理学导论[M].西安:陕西人民出版社.
王民.1999.环境意识及测评方法研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.
王若嘉,苏桂武,张书维,等.2009.云南普洱地区中学生认知与响应地震灾害特点的初步研究[J].灾害学,24(1):133-138.
王媛,方修琦,田青,等.2006.气候变化及人类适应行为对农作物总产变化的影响——以黑龙江省1990年代水稻生产为例[J].自然科学进展,16(12):1645-1650.
袁桂平.2008.“5.12”地震后对南郑县开展经济普查工作的影响和建议[EB/OL].(2008-07-08).http://tjj.hanzhong.gov.cn/news/tongjifx/200871694235.htm.
叶笃正.1999.中国的全球变化与可持续发展研究[J].地球科学进展,14(4):317-318.
叶笃正,吕建华.2000.对未来全球变化影响的适应和可持续发展[J].中国科学院院刊,(3):183-187.
张黎黎,钱铭怡.2004.美国重大灾难及危机的国家心理卫生服务系统[J].中国心理卫生杂志,18(6):395-397.
张希,崔笃信,蒋锋云.2009.基于GPS观测的汶川地震参数反演与库仑应力变化分析[J].地震研究,32(4):351-356.
周旗,郁耀闯.2009a.乡村居民灾害感知分析[J].中国农学通报,25(3):301-306.
周旗,郁耀闯.2009b.乡村与城市社区居民灾害感知比较研究[J].西北大学学报,39(1):149-154.
Z h ou Q,Liu J Y,Zhao J B.2003.Study on Index System of Assessment ofPublic Disaster Perception in the Western China[J].Chinese Geo-graphical Science,(3):284-288.
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