中国大陆GPS结果的构造及动力学意义有限元分析
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摘要
通过建立中国大陆构造运动三维有限元模型,计算了在印度板块推挤驱动和地幔对流产生的岩石层底部拖曳力驱动下的中国大陆形变,以及与GPS观测结果之间的差异速度场分布。计算结果表明:多驱动力和中时间尺度(10万年)的中国大陆岩石层运动格局与短时间尺度(10年)GPS观测显示的格局总体趋势一致;而差异速度场的特征表现为:青藏块体内部出现向外的扩张趋势,其北部的阿尔金断裂带显示出强烈的左旋走滑差异运动,塔里木地块以及西南地区以缅甸弧为中心差异速度场呈现整体顺时针转动,华北北部张渤地震带显示出较强的差异运动。上述结果表明:1)中国大陆现代构造运动的格局源于印度大陆推挤为主的驱动力,同时还包括深部物质运移对岩石层底部的拖曳作用;2)一些大型破裂系统现今构造活动比较活跃,强烈影响了现阶段中国大陆表层水平运动的分布。
First Crustal Monitoring and Application Center,CEA,Tianjin 300180Abstarct Two 3D finite element models of China continent are created and the continental deformation under the India-Eurasia collision and basal traction resulting from mantle convection is calculated.And the differential velocity field between the theoretical result and the GPS observation is calculated.The theoretical simulations in middle time scale(0.1 ma)are consistent with that of GPS observation which focuses on the surface movement in the short time scale of 10 years.In the differential velocity field,Tibetan plateau assumes a strong outside extrusive trend,while Altyn Tagh fault which is located in the north margin of Tibetan plateau shows remarkable left-lateral differential movement,Tarim basin and southwest region of China around Burma arc indicate uniform clock-wise rotation,and Zhang-bo fault system in North China assumes left-lateral differential movement.Such character could be generalized that multiple diving forces including India-Eurasia collision and basal traction resulting from mantel convection control constructional movement of China continent,at the same time,large fault systems also influence the movement pattern.
First Crustal Monitoring and Application Center,CEA,Tianjin 300180Abstarct Two 3D finite element models of China continent are created and the continental deformation under the India-Eurasia collision and basal traction resulting from mantle convection is calculated.And the differential velocity field between the theoretical result and the GPS observation is calculated.The theoretical simulations in middle time scale(0.1 ma)are consistent with that of GPS observation which focuses on the surface movement in the short time scale of 10 years.In the differential velocity field,Tibetan plateau assumes a strong outside extrusive trend,while Altyn Tagh fault which is located in the north margin of Tibetan plateau shows remarkable left-lateral differential movement,Tarim basin and southwest region of China around Burma arc indicate uniform clock-wise rotation,and Zhang-bo fault system in North China assumes left-lateral differential movement.Such character could be generalized that multiple diving forces including India-Eurasia collision and basal traction resulting from mantel convection control constructional movement of China continent,at the same time,large fault systems also influence the movement pattern.
引文
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19马杏垣主编.中国岩石层动力学地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1989.19Ma Xingyuan.Atlas of lithospherical dynamics[M].Bei-jing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989.(in Chi-nese)
2王敏,等.现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动块体模型[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增):21～33.2Wang Min,et al.Present-day crustal movement of Chinese mainland and active block model[J].Science in China(Se-ries D),2003,33(Sup.):21-33.(in Chinese)
3李延兴,等.由GPS网融合得到的中国大陆及周边地区的地壳水平运动[J].测绘学报,2003,32(4):301～307.3Li Yanxing,et al.Horizontal crustal movement in China’s mainland and its surrounding areas obtained from the com-bined GPS network[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2003,32(4):301-307.(in Chinese)
4杨国华,等.云南地区现今地壳水平运动与变形特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(2):7～14.4Yang Guohua,et al.Current horizontal crustal movement and deformation characteristics in Yunnan area[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2003,23(2)7-14.(in Chi-nese)
5张强,等.中国地壳各构造块体运动模型的初建[J].科学通报,2000,45(9):967～973.5Zhang Qiang,et al.The initial establishment of the tectonic block model of China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(9):967-973.(in Chinese)
6Shen Zhengkang,et al.Crustal deformation along the Altyn Tagh fault system,western China,from GPS[J].Journal of G.R.,2001,106(12):30607-30621.
7李祖宁,等.多种驱动力作用下东亚大陆形变及应力场演化[J].地震学报,2002,45(4):516～524.7Li Zuning,et al.Evolution of the deformation and stress pat-terns of the east Asia continent under multi-driving force[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,202,45(4):516-524.(in Chinese)
8傅容珊,等.大陆碰撞及中国大陆应力场的稳定性[A].中国大陆地球深部结构与动力学研究[C].北京:科学出版社,2004.8Fu Rongshan,et al.Continentt collision and the stress field stability in china mainland[A].Deep structure and dynamics research of China continent[C].Beijing:Science Press,2004.(in Chinese)
9郑勇,等.中国大陆及周边地区现代岩石圈演化动力学模型[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):415～427.9Zheng Yong,et al.Dynamic simulation of lithospheric evolu-tion from the modern China mainland and its surrounding ar-eas[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(2):415-427.(in Chinese)
10Feng Shen,et al.Large-scale crustal deformation of the Ti-betan Plateau[J].Journal of G.R.,2001,106(B4):6793-6816.
11Royden L.Coupling and decoupling of crust and mantle in convergent orogens:Implications for strain partitioning in the crust[J].Journal of G.R.,1996,101(B8):17679-17705.
12Royden L H,et al.Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet[J].Science,1997,276:788-790.
13王琪,等.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前沿,2002,9(2):415～429.13Wang Qi,et al.GPS database and velocity field of contem-porary tectonic deformation in continental China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):415-429.(in Chinese)
14Runcorn S K.Flow in the mantle inferred from low degree harmonics of the geopotential[J].J Geophys Res,Astr Soc,1967,14:375-384.
15Liu H S.1978.Mantle convection pattern and subcrustal stress field under Asia[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,16:247-256.
16Fu R S and Huang J H.The global stress field in the litho-sphere obtained from the satellite gravitational harmonics[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,1983,31:269-276.
17Fu R S.Earth’s geoid anomalies,mantle convection and stress field under the lithosphere[J].Phys Earth Planet In-ter,1989,54:50-54.
18傅容珊,黄建华.地幔深部运动全球构造格局及中国地震应力场背景[J].地震学报,1991,13(3):295～305.18Fu Rongshan and Huang Jianhua.Deep mantal flowglobal,tectonic pattern under background of seismic stress field in China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1991,13(3):295-305.(in Chinese)
19马杏垣主编.中国岩石层动力学地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1989.19Ma Xingyuan.Atlas of lithospherical dynamics[M].Bei-jing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989.(in Chi-nese)
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