2010年4月14日玉树M_s7.1地震加速度场预测
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摘要
基于有限断层震源、且使用动力学拐角频率的地震动随机模拟方法预测玉树地震近断层的加速度场.首先,基于有限断层震源建模方法建立该次地震的震源模型;然后,基于上述地震动模拟方法预测玉树地震近断层191个节点的加速度时程.在此基础上,取每个结点的加速度峰值绘制该次地震的近断层加速度场.结果表明:(1)近断层加速度场主要受震源破裂过程和断层面上滑动分布的影响.断层面上凹凸体投影到地表的区域附近,加速度峰值最大,也是震害最严重的区域;(2)对于走滑地震,断层沿线附近的场地并非均会发生破裂方向性效应;发生破裂方向性效应的场地与凹凸体在断层面上的位置有关.
Acceleration field of the Yushu earthquake was predicted by the stochastic method of ground motion simulation with the dynamic corner frequency based on the finite fault source. Firstly, the earthquake source model was established based on the method of modeling the finite fault source.Secondly, acceleration time histories of 191 near-fault nodes were predicted based on the above-mentioned ground motion simulation method.Finally, the acceleration field of the earthquake was drawn based on 191 nodes'PGAs (Peak Ground Accelerations).The results are as follows.(1) The near-fault acceleration field is significantly affected by both source rupture process and slip distribution on fault plane.The maximal PGA area on ground surface corresponds to the maximal asperity area, and this means that both buildings and other engineering structures on ground surface corresponding to the maximal asperity area on the earthquake fault may suffer severe damage.(2) For strike slip earthquake, not all sites in the vicinity of fault line are subjected to the forward directivity effect, and the occurrence of forward directivity effect is related to the location of asperities on the fault plane.
Acceleration field of the Yushu earthquake was predicted by the stochastic method of ground motion simulation with the dynamic corner frequency based on the finite fault source. Firstly, the earthquake source model was established based on the method of modeling the finite fault source.Secondly, acceleration time histories of 191 near-fault nodes were predicted based on the above-mentioned ground motion simulation method.Finally, the acceleration field of the earthquake was drawn based on 191 nodes'PGAs (Peak Ground Accelerations).The results are as follows.(1) The near-fault acceleration field is significantly affected by both source rupture process and slip distribution on fault plane.The maximal PGA area on ground surface corresponds to the maximal asperity area, and this means that both buildings and other engineering structures on ground surface corresponding to the maximal asperity area on the earthquake fault may suffer severe damage.(2) For strike slip earthquake, not all sites in the vicinity of fault line are subjected to the forward directivity effect, and the occurrence of forward directivity effect is related to the location of asperities on the fault plane.
引文
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[7] Irikura K.Semi-empirical estimation of strong ground motions during large earthquakes.Bull.Disas.Prey.Res.Inst.,1983,33:63～104
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[12] Hartzell S,Harmsen S,Frankel A,Larsen S.Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion.:comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1999,89(6) :1484～1504
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[15] Wang H Y,Tao X X.Relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters:theoretical and semiempirical relationships.Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,2(2) :201～211
[16] 王海云.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[博士论文].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004 Wang H Y.Finite fault source model for predicting near field strong ground motion[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2004
[17] 王海云,陶夏新.近场强地震动预测中浅源地震的Asperity模型特征.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(11) :1533～1539 Wang H Y,Tao X X.Characterizing a shallow earthquake asperity model for predicting near field strong ground motion.Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(in Chinese),2005,37(11) :1533～1539
[18] Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.,1970,75:4997～ 5009
[19] Beresnev I,Atkinson G.Subevent structure of large earthquakes-a ground motion perspective.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000,28:53～56
[20] 王卫民,赵连锋,姚振兴.2010年4月14日玉树7． 1级地震震源破裂过程初步结果.http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5e2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/ 14/1271250817270 Wang W M,Zhao L F,Yao Z X.A preliminary study on source rupture process of the Yushu earthquake(M_s7． 1) on the 14 April 2010． http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_ content/10 _ 04/14/1271250817270
[21] 陈运泰院士研究小组.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震震源机制和破裂过程快报(第四版).http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/17/1271488288058 Chen Y T’s Study Group.A flash report on both source mechanism and source rupture process of the Yushu earthquake,Qinghai province on the 14 April 2010(fourth edition).http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_ content/10 _ 04/17/1271488288058
[22] 华卫,陈章立,郑斯华.2008年汶川8． 0级地震序列震源参数分段特征的研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :365～371 Hua W,Chen Z L,Zheng S H.A study on segmentation characteristics of aftershock source parameters of Wenchuan M8． 0 earthquake in 2008． Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2) :365～371
[23] Atkinson G M,Boore D M.Evaluation of models for earthquake source spectra in Eastern North America.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88:917～934
[24] Boore D M,Joyner W B.Site amplifications for generic rock sites.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87(2) :327～341
[25] Saragoni G R,Hart G C.Simulation of artificial earthquakes.Earthq.Eng.Struct.Dyn.,1974,2:249～267
[26] Bresnev I A,Wen K L.The accuracy of soil response estimates using soil-to-rock spectral rations.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1996,86(2) :519～523
[2] 王海云,谢礼立.近断层强地震动场预测.地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :703～711 Wang H Y,Xie L L.Prediction of near-fault strong ground motion field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3) :703～711
[3] Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods.New York:W H Freeman & Co Ltd.,1980
[4] Boore D M.Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1983,73:1865～1884
[5] Boore D M.Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method.PureAppl.Geophys.,2003,160:635～676
[6] Hartzell S.Earthquake aftershocks as Green's functions.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1978,5:1～4
[7] Irikura K.Semi-empirical estimation of strong ground motions during large earthquakes.Bull.Disas.Prey.Res.Inst.,1983,33:63～104
[8] Beresnev I,Atkinson G.FINSIM:a FORTRAN program for simulating stochastic acceleration time histories from finite faults.Seism.Res.Lett.,1998,69:27～32
[9] Motazedian D,Atkinson G M.Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2005,95(3) :995～1010
[10] 王海云,谢礼立,陶夏新.近断层强地震动预测中的有限断层震源模型.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2008,33(6) :843～851 Wang H Y,Xie L L,Tao X X.Finite fault source model for predicting near-fault strong ground motion.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2008,33(6) :843～851
[11] Kamae K,Irikura K,Pitarka A.A Technique for simulating strong ground motion using hybrid Green's function.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1998,88(2) :357～367
[12] Hartzell S,Harmsen S,Frankel A,Larsen S.Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion.:comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1999,89(6) :1484～1504
[13] Pitarka A,Somerville P,Fukushima Y,et al.Simulation of near-fault strong-ground motion using hybrid Green's functions.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2000,90:566～586
[14] Irikura K.Prediction of strong ground motions from future earthquakes caused by active faults--Case of the Osaka Basin.12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering(12WCEE),CDROM,No.2687． Auckland,New Zealand During 30 January-4 February 2000
[15] Wang H Y,Tao X X.Relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters:theoretical and semiempirical relationships.Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,2(2) :201～211
[16] 王海云.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[博士论文].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004 Wang H Y.Finite fault source model for predicting near field strong ground motion[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2004
[17] 王海云,陶夏新.近场强地震动预测中浅源地震的Asperity模型特征.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(11) :1533～1539 Wang H Y,Tao X X.Characterizing a shallow earthquake asperity model for predicting near field strong ground motion.Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(in Chinese),2005,37(11) :1533～1539
[18] Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.,1970,75:4997～ 5009
[19] Beresnev I,Atkinson G.Subevent structure of large earthquakes-a ground motion perspective.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000,28:53～56
[20] 王卫民,赵连锋,姚振兴.2010年4月14日玉树7． 1级地震震源破裂过程初步结果.http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5e2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/ 14/1271250817270 Wang W M,Zhao L F,Yao Z X.A preliminary study on source rupture process of the Yushu earthquake(M_s7． 1) on the 14 April 2010． http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_ content/10 _ 04/14/1271250817270
[21] 陈运泰院士研究小组.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震震源机制和破裂过程快报(第四版).http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/17/1271488288058 Chen Y T’s Study Group.A flash report on both source mechanism and source rupture process of the Yushu earthquake,Qinghai province on the 14 April 2010(fourth edition).http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_ content/10 _ 04/17/1271488288058
[22] 华卫,陈章立,郑斯华.2008年汶川8． 0级地震序列震源参数分段特征的研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :365～371 Hua W,Chen Z L,Zheng S H.A study on segmentation characteristics of aftershock source parameters of Wenchuan M8． 0 earthquake in 2008． Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2) :365～371
[23] Atkinson G M,Boore D M.Evaluation of models for earthquake source spectra in Eastern North America.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88:917～934
[24] Boore D M,Joyner W B.Site amplifications for generic rock sites.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87(2) :327～341
[25] Saragoni G R,Hart G C.Simulation of artificial earthquakes.Earthq.Eng.Struct.Dyn.,1974,2:249～267
[26] Bresnev I A,Wen K L.The accuracy of soil response estimates using soil-to-rock spectral rations.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1996,86(2) :519～523
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