南海北部陆缘晚期油气成藏机理及动力学过程
摘要
总结了南海北部陆缘晚期(或浅层)油气藏的勘探技术和方法,指出晚期油气成藏具有海底麻坑、气烟囱、"地震模糊带"和"亮点"等地震异常特征,从地化特征上可划分为浅层生物气、成熟—高成熟热解气和高含CO2热解气等3种油气成藏类型。在研究新构造运动表现形式的基础上,分析了逆断层、正断层和底辟—走滑断层3个断层活动区的晚期油气成藏机理,指出断层晚期活动和后期快速沉降促进了油气的运移和再分配,晚期油气成藏主要沿莺歌海盆地莺东斜坡带、东方—乐东区和沿琼东南盆地二号断裂带及珠江口盆地坳陷边缘斜坡带等分布,有利于油气和天然气水合物的勘探。
Exploration technologies and methods for late hydrocarbon accumulations offshore the northern South China Sea have been summarized in this paper.The late hydrocarbon accumulations are cha-racterized by seismic anomalies such as bottom caves,gas chimneys,"obscure seismic area" and "bright points".Based on geochemical features,three types of accumulations can be identified: biogas in sha-llow layer,mature-highly mature gas and thermal gas with high CO2 content.According to neotectonism,late dynamics of petroleum systems related to thrust fault,normal fault as well as diapire-structure and strike-fault have been analyzed.The late movements of faults and the fast thermal subsidence have promoted hydrocarbon migration and redistribution with series of petroleum accumulation distributed along Yingdong ramp and Dongfang-Ledong area in the Yinggehai Basin,No.2 fault zone in the Qiongdongnan Basin and edge ramps of depressions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.It contributes to the exploration of hydrocarbon and hydrate offshore the northern South China Sea.
Exploration technologies and methods for late hydrocarbon accumulations offshore the northern South China Sea have been summarized in this paper.The late hydrocarbon accumulations are cha-racterized by seismic anomalies such as bottom caves,gas chimneys,"obscure seismic area" and "bright points".Based on geochemical features,three types of accumulations can be identified: biogas in sha-llow layer,mature-highly mature gas and thermal gas with high CO2 content.According to neotectonism,late dynamics of petroleum systems related to thrust fault,normal fault as well as diapire-structure and strike-fault have been analyzed.The late movements of faults and the fast thermal subsidence have promoted hydrocarbon migration and redistribution with series of petroleum accumulation distributed along Yingdong ramp and Dongfang-Ledong area in the Yinggehai Basin,No.2 fault zone in the Qiongdongnan Basin and edge ramps of depressions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.It contributes to the exploration of hydrocarbon and hydrate offshore the northern South China Sea.
引文
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4刘宝明,夏斌,李绪宣等.中国东部及南海西部陆缘CO2气藏形成机理[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2004,23(3):207~212
5 Donald F S,Burson K R,Thompson C K.Model for hydrocar-bon microseepage and related near-surface alterations[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(1):170~185
6 Brown A.Evaluation of possible gas microseepage mechanisms[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(11):1775~1789
7龚再升.中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动和油气成藏[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):133~139
8 Duncan S M.Relationships between seepage,tectonics andsubsurface petroleum reserves[J].Marine and Petroleum Geo-logy,1993,10(6):606~619
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12黄晓霞,朱振海.海洋油气资源的遥感探测技术[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(增刊):89~94
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18李绪宣.莺歌海盆地浅层气藏的地震识别技术研究[J].天然气工业,1999,19(1):52~57
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21蒋少涌,杨涛,薛紫晨等.南海北部海区海底沉积物中孔隙水的Cl-和SO42-浓度异常特征及其对天然气水合物的指示意义[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):45~54
22孙春岩,王维熙,牛滨华等.气态烃快速探测系统在海洋油气资源勘探中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(6):49~52
23牛滨华,孙春岩,苏新等.勘查地球化学方法适用于勘查天然气水合物的依据[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):61~66
24董伟良,黄保家.东方1—1气田天然气组成的不均一性与幕式充注[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(2):15~18
25 Hao F,Li S T,Gong Z S,et al.Thermal regime,interreser-voir compositional heterogeneities,and reservoir-filling historyof the Dongfang Gas Field,Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(5):607~628
26朱伟林,王振峰,黄保家.莺歌海盆地天然气成藏动力学[J].地球科学,2004,29(5):563~568
27 Huang B J,Xiao X M,Hu Z L.Geochemistry and episodicaccumulation of natural gases from the Ledong gas field in theYinggehai Basin,offshore South China Sea[J].Organic Geo-chemistry,2005,36:1689~1702
28 Xie X N,Li S T,Dong W L,et al.Evidence for episodic ex-pulsion of hot fluids along faults near diapiric structure of theYinggehai basin,South China Sea[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2001,18:715~728
29何家雄,夏斌,刘宝明等.莺歌海盆地泥底辟热流体上侵活动与天然气及CO2运聚规律剖析[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(4):349~358
30何光玉,吴景富,刘海滨等.南海珠三坳陷油气系统分析[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(1):35~39
31李平鲁.珠江口盆地新生代构造运动[J].中国海上油气(地质),1993,7(6):11~17
32陈伟光,魏柏林,赵红梅等.珠江三角洲地区新构造运动[J].华南地震,2002,22(1):8~18
33 Wei B Z,Chung W Y.Strike-slip faulting on the northernmargin of the South China Sea:evidence from two earthquakesoffshore of Hainan Island,China,in December 1969[J].Tec-tonophysics,1995,241(1-2):55~56
34陈伟光.华南沿海沉积盆地的新构造运动及其与地震的关系[J].华南地震,1995,15(2):55~61
35冯志强,冯文科,薛万俊等.南海北部地质灾害及海底工程地质条件评价[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1996
36庞雄,陈长民,朱明等.南海北部陆坡白云深水区油气成藏条件探讨[J].中国海上油气(地质),2006,18(3):145~149
37周珍琦.闽西南地区推覆构造特征[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(1):38~41
2刘宝明,夏斌,李绪宣等.红河断裂带东南的延伸及其构造演化意义[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(10):914~924
3何家雄,李明兴,黄保家.莺歌海盆地北部斜坡带油气苗分布与油气勘探前景剖析[J].天然气地球科学,2000,11(2):1~10
4刘宝明,夏斌,李绪宣等.中国东部及南海西部陆缘CO2气藏形成机理[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2004,23(3):207~212
5 Donald F S,Burson K R,Thompson C K.Model for hydrocar-bon microseepage and related near-surface alterations[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(1):170~185
6 Brown A.Evaluation of possible gas microseepage mechanisms[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(11):1775~1789
7龚再升.中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动和油气成藏[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):133~139
8 Duncan S M.Relationships between seepage,tectonics andsubsurface petroleum reserves[J].Marine and Petroleum Geo-logy,1993,10(6):606~619
9贾承造,何登发,石昕等.中国油气晚期成藏特征[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(5):412~420
10龚再升,王国纯.渤海新构造运动控制晚期油气成藏[J].石油学报,2001,22(2):1~8
11米立军.新构造运动与渤海海域上第三系大型油气田[J].中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(1):21~28
12黄晓霞,朱振海.海洋油气资源的遥感探测技术[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(增刊):89~94
13徐瑞松.南中国海海洋油气遥感调查研究[J].国土资源遥感,2003,55(1):13~15
14陈长民.珠江口盆地东部石油地质及油气藏形成条件初探[J].中国海上油气,2000,14(2):73~83
15郝天珧,朱振海,张明华等.海洋油气渗漏烃蚀变带的地球物理检测及在中国海区的应用[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):245~250
16陈汉宗,周蒂,王平.南海北部含油气构造上方化探异常研究[J].热带海洋,1997,16(3):8~14
17孙春岩,王宏语,牛滨华等.西沙海槽研究区天然气水合物地球化学勘探[J].地球科学,2004,29(2):135~140
18李绪宣.莺歌海盆地浅层气藏的地震识别技术研究[J].天然气工业,1999,19(1):52~57
19王宏斌,黄永样,梁劲等.南海北部陆坡坳隆断裂带中水合物赋存的温压场环境[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):103~108
20吴时国,张光学,郭常升等.东沙海区天然气水合物形成及分布的地质因素[J].石油学报,2004,25(4):7~12
21蒋少涌,杨涛,薛紫晨等.南海北部海区海底沉积物中孔隙水的Cl-和SO42-浓度异常特征及其对天然气水合物的指示意义[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):45~54
22孙春岩,王维熙,牛滨华等.气态烃快速探测系统在海洋油气资源勘探中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(6):49~52
23牛滨华,孙春岩,苏新等.勘查地球化学方法适用于勘查天然气水合物的依据[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):61~66
24董伟良,黄保家.东方1—1气田天然气组成的不均一性与幕式充注[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(2):15~18
25 Hao F,Li S T,Gong Z S,et al.Thermal regime,interreser-voir compositional heterogeneities,and reservoir-filling historyof the Dongfang Gas Field,Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,84(5):607~628
26朱伟林,王振峰,黄保家.莺歌海盆地天然气成藏动力学[J].地球科学,2004,29(5):563~568
27 Huang B J,Xiao X M,Hu Z L.Geochemistry and episodicaccumulation of natural gases from the Ledong gas field in theYinggehai Basin,offshore South China Sea[J].Organic Geo-chemistry,2005,36:1689~1702
28 Xie X N,Li S T,Dong W L,et al.Evidence for episodic ex-pulsion of hot fluids along faults near diapiric structure of theYinggehai basin,South China Sea[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2001,18:715~728
29何家雄,夏斌,刘宝明等.莺歌海盆地泥底辟热流体上侵活动与天然气及CO2运聚规律剖析[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(4):349~358
30何光玉,吴景富,刘海滨等.南海珠三坳陷油气系统分析[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(1):35~39
31李平鲁.珠江口盆地新生代构造运动[J].中国海上油气(地质),1993,7(6):11~17
32陈伟光,魏柏林,赵红梅等.珠江三角洲地区新构造运动[J].华南地震,2002,22(1):8~18
33 Wei B Z,Chung W Y.Strike-slip faulting on the northernmargin of the South China Sea:evidence from two earthquakesoffshore of Hainan Island,China,in December 1969[J].Tec-tonophysics,1995,241(1-2):55~56
34陈伟光.华南沿海沉积盆地的新构造运动及其与地震的关系[J].华南地震,1995,15(2):55~61
35冯志强,冯文科,薛万俊等.南海北部地质灾害及海底工程地质条件评价[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1996
36庞雄,陈长民,朱明等.南海北部陆坡白云深水区油气成藏条件探讨[J].中国海上油气(地质),2006,18(3):145~149
37周珍琦.闽西南地区推覆构造特征[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(1):38~41
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