早寒武世初期沂沭断裂带地震效应
|
摘要
早寒武世初期,随着从古沂沭海峡向西海侵的发展,鲁西地区沉积了厚度不等的主要由砂岩、泥岩和碳酸盐岩组成的滨海、潟湖及浅海相沉积,其层位属下寒武统底部的李官组和朱砂洞组。在它们沉积过程中,沂沭断裂带正发生着伴有频繁海底地震的构造裂陷活动,使海底沉积物在自沂沭断裂带向西200 km范围内产生了不同的地震效应,形成了各种地震成因的同沉积变形构造。发育在朱砂洞组中的地震效应记录除有少量半固结沉积物的脆性变形外,主要是液化底劈、碳酸盐灰泥火山、液化脉、液化角砾岩、震褶曲、粒序断层和硅质脉等软沉积物变形;李官组中既有含滑塌褶曲、负载构造、球—枕构造等震滑塌堆积,也有震浊积岩。由海底地震效应记录所反映的震级为5～8.9级。这些证据表明沂沭断裂带在早寒武世初期发生了强构造活动。从海底工程地质的角度来分析,上述地震效应是地震对海底沉积层的破坏形式,这为认识海底工程地基岩土层的地震破坏提供了直观的资料。
In the earlier Early Cambrian,with the proceeding of the marine invasion from the PaleoYishu Strait to west,uneven thick deposits of sandstone,mudstone and carbonate rock of littoral,lagoon and neritic facies were deposited in western Shandong Province.The horizon of these layers belongs to the bottom part of Lower Cambrian consisting of the Liguan and Zhushadong Formations.Together with the depositional and formation processes,tectonic rift-depression was taking place in the Yishu Fault Zone, characterized by frequent submarine earthquakes with different seismic effects within 200 km range from the Yishu Fault Zone to west.Various seismogenetic syndepositional deformation structures are formed in the seismic records.Seismic effect records developed in the Zhushadong Formation are mainly soft-sediment deformations such as diapir structure,carbonate lime-mud volcano,liquefied vein,liquefied breccia,seismic fold,graded-fault,siliceous vein etc.,besides a few brittle deformation of semi-consolidated sediments.Those preserved in the Liguan Formation are not only slump fold,load structure and ball-andpillow structure,but also some seismo-turbidite.Magnitude reflected by submarine seismic effects might be Richater magnitude of 5.0 ～ 8.9.These evidences indicate that strong tectonic activities occurred along the Yishu Fault Zone in the Early Cambrian.Analyses from the viewpoint of marine engineering geology show that seismic effects mentioned above are destructive forms of sediment layers caused by earthquake at the sea-bottom.This paper has provided intuitive materials for understanding earthquake destruction to rock-soil layers of seafloor-engineering foundation.
In the earlier Early Cambrian,with the proceeding of the marine invasion from the PaleoYishu Strait to west,uneven thick deposits of sandstone,mudstone and carbonate rock of littoral,lagoon and neritic facies were deposited in western Shandong Province.The horizon of these layers belongs to the bottom part of Lower Cambrian consisting of the Liguan and Zhushadong Formations.Together with the depositional and formation processes,tectonic rift-depression was taking place in the Yishu Fault Zone, characterized by frequent submarine earthquakes with different seismic effects within 200 km range from the Yishu Fault Zone to west.Various seismogenetic syndepositional deformation structures are formed in the seismic records.Seismic effect records developed in the Zhushadong Formation are mainly soft-sediment deformations such as diapir structure,carbonate lime-mud volcano,liquefied vein,liquefied breccia,seismic fold,graded-fault,siliceous vein etc.,besides a few brittle deformation of semi-consolidated sediments.Those preserved in the Liguan Formation are not only slump fold,load structure and ball-andpillow structure,but also some seismo-turbidite.Magnitude reflected by submarine seismic effects might be Richater magnitude of 5.0 ～ 8.9.These evidences indicate that strong tectonic activities occurred along the Yishu Fault Zone in the Early Cambrian.Analyses from the viewpoint of marine engineering geology show that seismic effects mentioned above are destructive forms of sediment layers caused by earthquake at the sea-bottom.This paper has provided intuitive materials for understanding earthquake destruction to rock-soil layers of seafloor-engineering foundation.
引文
陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.2003.济阳拗陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及意义[J].地质科学,38(3):413-424.
狄明信,马玉新,田海芹.1996.山东新泰盘车沟剖面寒武系硅质层成因[J].石油大学学报,20(增刊):1-5.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,15(4):389-394.
杜远生,Shi G,龚一鸣,等.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,81(4):511-518.
段吉业,刘鹏举,万传彪.2002.华北燕山中—新元古代震积岩系列及其地震节律[J].地质学报,76(4):441-445.
何碧竹,乔秀夫,许志琴,等.2010.塔里木盆地满加尔坳陷及周缘晚奥陶世古地震记录及其意义[J].地质学报,84(12):1805-1816.
刘宝珺.1980.沉积岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,232,439-448.
刘晋镳,武铁山.1997.华北区域地层[M].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,45-50.
吕洪波,章雨旭,肖国望,等.2006.内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块[J].地质论评,52(2):163-169.
乔秀夫,高林志.2007.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,9(4):337-352.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2008.枕、球—枕构造:地层中的古地震记录[J].地质论评,54(6):721-730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,11(6):593-610.
乔秀夫,张安棣.2002.华北块体、胶辽朝块体与郯庐断裂[J].中国地质,29(4):337-345.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.2001.古郯庐带新元古界——灾变·层序·生物[M].北京:地质出版社,1-122.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,68(1):16-29.
时伟.2007.工程地质学[M].北京:科学出版社,1-300.
宋明春,王沛成.2003.山东省区域地质[M].山东济南:山东省地图出版社,1-970.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,9(3):1-27.
田洪水,李洪奎,张增奇,等.2007.沂水断裂带地震成因岩石的新认识[J].地球学报,28(5):496-506.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究[J].地质论评,49(2):123-131.
田洪水,王金光,吕明英,等.2005.山东安丘古近纪冲积层中的地震记录[J].沉积学报,23(3):75-81.
田洪水,张增奇,张邦花,等.2006.山东临朐红丝石层中的古地震事件记录[J].中国地质,33(5):1137-1143.
闫臻,杨长春,李继亮,等.2005.山东济南和新泰馒头组中浊积岩和滑塌堆积的基本特征及其大地构造意义[J].地质科学,40(4):579-584.
殷秀兰,杨天南.2005.胶州—莱阳盆地白垩纪莱阳群中的震积岩及构造意义讨论[J].地质论评,51(5):502-507.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩的特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,22(1):41-46.
张传恒,刘典波,张传林,等.2006.新疆博格达地区早二叠世软沉积物变形构造——弧后碰撞前陆盆地地震记录[J].地学前缘,13(4):255-266.
张增奇,刘明渭.1996.山东省岩石地层[M].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1-328.
Du Y S,Xu Y J,Yang J H.2009.Soft-sediment deformation structures re-lated to earthquake from the Devonian of the eastern North QilianMts and its tectonic significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(6):1185-1193.
Gradstein F M,Ogg J G,Smith A G,et al.2004.A new geologic timescale,with special reference to Precambrian and Neogene[J].Epi-sodes,22(2):83-100.
Heezen B C,Ewing M.1952.Turbidity currents and submarine slumpsand1929Grand bank earthquake[J].Am.J.Sci.,250(12):849-873.
Montenat C,Barrier P,d'Estevou P O,et al.2007.Seismites:An attemptat critical analysis and classification[J].Sedimentary Geology,196:5-30.
Mutti E,Riccio L F,Seguret M,et al.1984.Seismoturbidites:A newgroup of resedimented deposits[J].Marine Geology,55:103-116.
Purser B H,Plaziat J C,Philobbos E.1993.Stratiform breccias and associ-ated deformation structures recording Neogene earthquake in syn-riftsediments of the Egyptian Red Sea coast[J].Geol.Soc.Egypt,Spec.Publ.,1:189-204.
Rodriguez-Pascua M A,Calvo J P,de Vicente G,et al.2000.Soft-sede-ment deformation structures interpreted as seismites in lacustrinesediments of the Prebetic Zone,SE Spain,and their potential use asindicators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:117-135.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault graded beds interpreted as seismites[J].Sedim-entology,13(1-2):155-159.
Wheeler R L.2002.Distinguishing seismic from nonseismic soft-sedimentstructures:Criteria from seismic-hazard analysis[C].In:EttensohnF R,Rast N,Brett C E(eds).Ancient seismites.Geological Societyof America Special Paper,359:1-11.
狄明信,马玉新,田海芹.1996.山东新泰盘车沟剖面寒武系硅质层成因[J].石油大学学报,20(增刊):1-5.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,15(4):389-394.
杜远生,Shi G,龚一鸣,等.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,81(4):511-518.
段吉业,刘鹏举,万传彪.2002.华北燕山中—新元古代震积岩系列及其地震节律[J].地质学报,76(4):441-445.
何碧竹,乔秀夫,许志琴,等.2010.塔里木盆地满加尔坳陷及周缘晚奥陶世古地震记录及其意义[J].地质学报,84(12):1805-1816.
刘宝珺.1980.沉积岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,232,439-448.
刘晋镳,武铁山.1997.华北区域地层[M].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,45-50.
吕洪波,章雨旭,肖国望,等.2006.内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块[J].地质论评,52(2):163-169.
乔秀夫,高林志.2007.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,9(4):337-352.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2008.枕、球—枕构造:地层中的古地震记录[J].地质论评,54(6):721-730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,11(6):593-610.
乔秀夫,张安棣.2002.华北块体、胶辽朝块体与郯庐断裂[J].中国地质,29(4):337-345.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.2001.古郯庐带新元古界——灾变·层序·生物[M].北京:地质出版社,1-122.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,68(1):16-29.
时伟.2007.工程地质学[M].北京:科学出版社,1-300.
宋明春,王沛成.2003.山东省区域地质[M].山东济南:山东省地图出版社,1-970.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,9(3):1-27.
田洪水,李洪奎,张增奇,等.2007.沂水断裂带地震成因岩石的新认识[J].地球学报,28(5):496-506.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究[J].地质论评,49(2):123-131.
田洪水,王金光,吕明英,等.2005.山东安丘古近纪冲积层中的地震记录[J].沉积学报,23(3):75-81.
田洪水,张增奇,张邦花,等.2006.山东临朐红丝石层中的古地震事件记录[J].中国地质,33(5):1137-1143.
闫臻,杨长春,李继亮,等.2005.山东济南和新泰馒头组中浊积岩和滑塌堆积的基本特征及其大地构造意义[J].地质科学,40(4):579-584.
殷秀兰,杨天南.2005.胶州—莱阳盆地白垩纪莱阳群中的震积岩及构造意义讨论[J].地质论评,51(5):502-507.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩的特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,22(1):41-46.
张传恒,刘典波,张传林,等.2006.新疆博格达地区早二叠世软沉积物变形构造——弧后碰撞前陆盆地地震记录[J].地学前缘,13(4):255-266.
张增奇,刘明渭.1996.山东省岩石地层[M].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1-328.
Du Y S,Xu Y J,Yang J H.2009.Soft-sediment deformation structures re-lated to earthquake from the Devonian of the eastern North QilianMts and its tectonic significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(6):1185-1193.
Gradstein F M,Ogg J G,Smith A G,et al.2004.A new geologic timescale,with special reference to Precambrian and Neogene[J].Epi-sodes,22(2):83-100.
Heezen B C,Ewing M.1952.Turbidity currents and submarine slumpsand1929Grand bank earthquake[J].Am.J.Sci.,250(12):849-873.
Montenat C,Barrier P,d'Estevou P O,et al.2007.Seismites:An attemptat critical analysis and classification[J].Sedimentary Geology,196:5-30.
Mutti E,Riccio L F,Seguret M,et al.1984.Seismoturbidites:A newgroup of resedimented deposits[J].Marine Geology,55:103-116.
Purser B H,Plaziat J C,Philobbos E.1993.Stratiform breccias and associ-ated deformation structures recording Neogene earthquake in syn-riftsediments of the Egyptian Red Sea coast[J].Geol.Soc.Egypt,Spec.Publ.,1:189-204.
Rodriguez-Pascua M A,Calvo J P,de Vicente G,et al.2000.Soft-sede-ment deformation structures interpreted as seismites in lacustrinesediments of the Prebetic Zone,SE Spain,and their potential use asindicators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:117-135.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault graded beds interpreted as seismites[J].Sedim-entology,13(1-2):155-159.
Wheeler R L.2002.Distinguishing seismic from nonseismic soft-sedimentstructures:Criteria from seismic-hazard analysis[C].In:EttensohnF R,Rast N,Brett C E(eds).Ancient seismites.Geological Societyof America Special Paper,359:1-11.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心