大陆岩石圈塑性流动网络的延性弱面效应
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摘要
岩石圈下层的网状塑性流动 ,作为包含塑性流动网络的黏塑性流动 ,控制着大陆板块内部的构造变形和动力学过程。塑性流动网络由两组网带共轭相交而成 ,而塑性流动网带是黏塑性流动过程中因剪切局部化、黏性摩擦生热和网带介质的弱化而形成的延性弱面 (弱带 )。研究表明 ,类似于断裂和节理等脆性弱面 ,延性弱面对介质强度的影响也具有条件性 ,即当应力方向改变时 ,只有在滑移角θ不超出一定限值的条件 (θ1≤θ≤θ2 )下才可能沿原有弱面滑移 ,显示其弱化效应 ;延性弱面可以用弱化度R表示其屈服限的相对降低程度 ,弱化度与滑移角下限值之间的关系为R =sin2θ1;根据亚洲中东部地区“塑性流动 -地震”网络的最大共轭角推算 ,网带的弱化度R近似于 0 81。基于延性弱面效应的认识 ,文中就网带由剪切滑移向压性褶皱的转化、网带的继承与弃置以及应力方向的允许偏角等问题进行了探讨
Netlike plastic flow in the lower lithosphere, as visco plastic flow involving plastic flow network, controls tectonic deformation and dynamic processes within the continental plate. Plastic flow network is composed of two conjugate sets of plastic flow belts (PFBs), which are ductile weakness planes (belts) resulted from shear localization, viscous friction heat production, and weakening of intra belt media in the visco plastic flow field. The study indicates that, similar to brittle weakness planes (e g. faults, joints, etc.), the effect of ductile weakness planes on the yield strength of media is conditional, i.e. when the direction of stress is changed, sliding along the original weakness plane can occur only at the condition that the sliding angle θ is within the range of θ 1 ≤θ≤θ 2 , showing the weakening of media; the relative decrease of yield strength of the ductile weakness plane can be expressed by the weakening level R, which is related to the lower limit of the sliding angle, θ 1 , as shown by the equation R =sin2θ 1 . In terms of the maximum conjugate angle of the "plastic flow / seismic" networks in central eastern Asia, it is estimated that the weakening level of plastic flow belts, R , is approximate to 0.81. Based on the recognition of ductile weakness plane effect, some problems, including the transition of tectonic belts from shear sliding to compressional folding, the inheritance and discarding of PFB, and the permissible change of stress direction, are discussed in this paper.
Netlike plastic flow in the lower lithosphere, as visco plastic flow involving plastic flow network, controls tectonic deformation and dynamic processes within the continental plate. Plastic flow network is composed of two conjugate sets of plastic flow belts (PFBs), which are ductile weakness planes (belts) resulted from shear localization, viscous friction heat production, and weakening of intra belt media in the visco plastic flow field. The study indicates that, similar to brittle weakness planes (e g. faults, joints, etc.), the effect of ductile weakness planes on the yield strength of media is conditional, i.e. when the direction of stress is changed, sliding along the original weakness plane can occur only at the condition that the sliding angle θ is within the range of θ 1 ≤θ≤θ 2 , showing the weakening of media; the relative decrease of yield strength of the ductile weakness plane can be expressed by the weakening level R, which is related to the lower limit of the sliding angle, θ 1 , as shown by the equation R =sin2θ 1 . In terms of the maximum conjugate angle of the "plastic flow / seismic" networks in central eastern Asia, it is estimated that the weakening level of plastic flow belts, R , is approximate to 0.81. Based on the recognition of ductile weakness plane effect, some problems, including the transition of tectonic belts from shear sliding to compressional folding, the inheritance and discarding of PFB, and the permissible change of stress direction, are discussed in this paper.
引文
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WangSheng zu.1993.Netlikeearthquakedistributionandplastic flownetworkincentralandeasternAsia〔J〕.PhysEarthPlanetInter,77:177—188.
WangSheng zu.1997.Netlikeandhomogeneousplasticflowsinthecrustandmantleandtheflowlaw〔A〕.In:ZhengY ,DavisGA ,YinA (eds).StructuralGeologyandGeomechanics,Proc30thIntGeolCongr,1996,Beijing,Vol.14,VSP (InternationalSciencePublishers),Utrecht,TheNetherlands.3—15.
王绳祖.1982.盐湖岩盐变形破坏的试验研究与数学模拟〔J〕.岩土工程学报,4(4):17—28.WANGSheng zu.1982.Experimantalinvestigationandmathematicalsimulationofdeformationandfailureofsalt lakerocksalt〔J〕.ChineseJournalofGeotechnicalEngineering,4(4):17—28(inChinese)
.王绳祖.1985.岩石共轭剪切网络的实验研究〔A〕.见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现代地壳运动研究(1).北京:地震出版社.171—178,190—192.WANGSheng zu.1985.Experimentalinvestigationofconjugateshearnetworksinrocks〔A〕.In:InstituteofGeology,StateSeismologicalBureau(ed).ResearchonRecentCrustalMovement(1).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.171—178,190—192(inChinese).
王绳祖.1993.亚洲大陆岩石圈多层构造模型和塑性流动网络〔J〕.地质学报,67(1):1—18.WANGSheng zu.1993.Multi layertectonicmodelforintraplatedeformationandplastic flownetworkintheAsiancontinentallithosphere〔J〕.ActaGeologicaSinica(Englishedition),6(3):247—271.
王绳祖.1995.高温高压岩石力学:历史、现状、展望〔J〕.地球物理学进展,10(4):1—31.WANGSheng zu.1995.High temperature/high pressurerockmechanics:History,state of artandprospect〔J〕.ProgressinGeophysics,10(4):1—31(inChinese).
王绳祖.2001a.亚洲中东部岩石圈塑性流动网络与构造应力场〔J〕.长春科技大学学报,31(1):14—19.WANGSheng zu.2001a.Plastic flownetworksandtectonicstressfieldinthelithosphereincentral easternAsia〔J〕.JournalofChangchunUniversityofScienceandTechnology,31(1):14—19(inChinese).
王绳祖.2001b.亚洲中东部岩石圈下层网络状塑性流动与应变场〔J〕.地质论评,47(5):459—466.WANGSheng zu.2001b.Netlikeplastic flowandstrainfieldinthelowerlithosphereincentral easternAsia〔J〕.GeologicalReview,47(5):459—466(inChinese).
王绳祖,张四昌,田勤俭,等.2001.大陆动力学:网状塑性流动与多级构造变形〔M〕.北京:地震出版社.WANGSheng zu,ZHANGSi chang,TIANQin jian,etal.2001.ContinentalDynamics:NetlikePlasticFlowandHierarchicalTectonicDeformation〔M〕.SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
王绳祖,张宗淳.1994.亚洲中东部“塑性流动-地震”网络系统及板内构造单元〔J〕.中国地震,10(3):238—250.
WANGSheng zu,ZHANGZong chun.1995.“Plastic flow/seismic”networksystemsandtectonicunitsincentral easternAsia〔J〕.EarthquakeResearchinChina(Englishedition),9(3):321—333.
BraceWF ,KohlstedtDL .1980.Limitsonlithosphericstressimposedbylaboratoryexperiments〔J〕.JourGeophysRes,85(B11):6248—6252.
JaegerJC ,CookNGW .1979.FundamentalsofRockMechanics(3rdedition)〔M〕.ChapmanandHall,London.MeissnerR ,StrehlauJ .1982.Limitsofstressesincontinentalcrustsandtheirrelationshiptothedepth frequencydistributionofshallowearthquakes〔J〕.Tectonics,1:73—89.
NicolasA ,PoirierJP .1976.CrystallinePlasticityandSolidStateFlowinMetamorphicRocks〔M〕.JohnWiley&Sons,NewYork.PragerW ,HodgePG .1951.TheoryofPerfectlyPlasticSolids〔M〕.JohnWiley,NewYork.
SchmidE ,BoasW .1935.KristallplastizitatmitbesondererBerucksichtigungderMettale〔M〕.SpringerVerlag,Berlin.
WangSheng zu.1993.Netlikeearthquakedistributionandplastic flownetworkincentralandeasternAsia〔J〕.PhysEarthPlanetInter,77:177—188.
WangSheng zu.1997.Netlikeandhomogeneousplasticflowsinthecrustandmantleandtheflowlaw〔A〕.In:ZhengY ,DavisGA ,YinA (eds).StructuralGeologyandGeomechanics,Proc30thIntGeolCongr,1996,Beijing,Vol.14,VSP (InternationalSciencePublishers),Utrecht,TheNetherlands.3—15.
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