岷江断裂羌阳桥一带古堰塞湖沉积及构造变形与古地震
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摘要
在支援茂县汶川地震灾后恢复重建期间,发现在现今叠溪堰塞湖(小海子)上游30km的岷江沿岸及其支流断续有第四纪湖相层出露。通过对羌阳村一带古堰塞湖沉积层的研究,获得了岷江断裂全新世活动的证据。分析认为:岷江断裂沿线古堰塞湖相沉积及其构造变形反映了岷江断裂的多次活动。羌阳桥古堰塞湖沉积及其构造变形可能反映岷江断裂的多次古地震活动。较肯定的是:第1次地震活动导致羌阳桥堰塞湖的形成,堆积第1套湖相沉积;第2次地震活动使湖相层变形;第3次地震活动使第1,2套湖相地层变形;第4次地震活动错断了湖相层之上最新的堆积物。全站仪实测结果表明最后一次古地震活动的垂直位移约为2.6～3.6m。
During the post-disaster recovery in Maoxian country,we found that lacustrine sediments are exposed intermittently～30km north of the present Diexi barrier lake(Xiaohaizi)along the Minjiang River and its tributaries.According to the study on lacustrine sediments around Qiangyang village,we obtained the evidence of activities of the Minjiang Fault in the Holocene.It is concluded that the tectonic deformation of paleo-lacustrine sediments in Qiangyang possibly reflects multi-time ancient seismic activity of Minjiang Fault zone.It is more accepted that the 1st seismic activity resulted in the formation of dammed paleolake in Qiangyang,and accumulation of the 1st set of lacustrine facies deposits;the 2nd seismic activity led to deformation of the lacustrine facies stratum;the 3rd seismic activity caused the deformation of the 1st and 2nd set of lacustrine facies strata;and the 4th seismic activity ruptured the youngest deposit overlying the lacustrine facies stratum.Total Station Instrument measurements indicate that the vertical displacement of the last ancient seismic activity is about 2.6～3.6m.
During the post-disaster recovery in Maoxian country,we found that lacustrine sediments are exposed intermittently～30km north of the present Diexi barrier lake(Xiaohaizi)along the Minjiang River and its tributaries.According to the study on lacustrine sediments around Qiangyang village,we obtained the evidence of activities of the Minjiang Fault in the Holocene.It is concluded that the tectonic deformation of paleo-lacustrine sediments in Qiangyang possibly reflects multi-time ancient seismic activity of Minjiang Fault zone.It is more accepted that the 1st seismic activity resulted in the formation of dammed paleolake in Qiangyang,and accumulation of the 1st set of lacustrine facies deposits;the 2nd seismic activity led to deformation of the lacustrine facies stratum;the 3rd seismic activity caused the deformation of the 1st and 2nd set of lacustrine facies strata;and the 4th seismic activity ruptured the youngest deposit overlying the lacustrine facies stratum.Total Station Instrument measurements indicate that the vertical displacement of the last ancient seismic activity is about 2.6～3.6m.
引文
[1]引自四川赛思特科技有限责任公司,2007,茂县叠溪-松坪沟旅游景区较场片区工程场地地震安全性评价报告,略有改动。
马保起,苏刚,侯治华,等.2005.利用岷江阶地的变形估算龙门山断裂带中段晚第四纪滑动速率[J].地震地质,27(2):234—242.MA Bao-qi,SU Gang,HOU Zhi-hua,et al.2005.Late Quaternary slip rate in the central part of the Longmenshan Faultzone from terrace deformation along the Minjiang River[J].Seismology and Geology,27(2):234—242(in Chi-nese).
钱洪,马声浩,龚宇.1995.关于岷江断裂若干问题的讨论[J].中国地震,11(2):140—146.QIAN Hong,MA Sheng-hao,GONG Yu.1995.Discussions on the Minjiang Fault[J].Earthquake Research in China,11(2):140—146(in Chinese).
钱洪,周荣军,马声浩,等.1999.岷江断裂南段与1933年叠溪地震研究[J].中国地震,15(4):333—338.QIAN Hong,ZHOU Rong-jun,MA Sheng-hao,et al.1999.South segment of Minjiang fault and Diexi earthquake in1993.[J].Earthquake Research in China,15(4):333—338(in Chinese).
司建涛,刘顺.2008.青藏高原东缘岷江断裂构造特征、变形序列和演化历史[J].四川地质学报,28(1):1—5.SI Jian-tao,LIU Shun.2008.Geological features,deformation sequence and evolution of the Minjiang Fault on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,28(1):1—5(in Chinese).
四川省地震局编著.1983.一九三三年叠溪地震[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.Earthquake Administration of Shanxi Province(ed).1983.Diexi Earthquake in1933[M].Sichuan Science andTechnology Press,Chengdu(in Chinese).
唐文清,刘宇平,陈智梁,等.2004.岷山隆起边界断裂构造活动初步研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,24(4):31—34.TANG Wen-qing,LIU Yu-ping,CHEN Zhi-liang,et al.2004.The preliminary study of the tectonic activities along theboundary faults around the Minshan uplift,western Sichuan[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,24(4):31—34(in Chinese).
王兰生,杨立铮,王小群,等.2005.岷江叠溪古堰塞湖的发现[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),32(1):1—11.WANG Lan-sheng,YANG Li-zheng,WANG Xiao-qun,et al.2005.Discovery of huge ancient dammed lake on up-stream of Minjiang River in Sichuan[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology E-dition),32(1):1—11(in Chinese).
王兰生,杨立铮,李天斌,等.2000.四川岷江叠溪校场地震滑坡及环境保护[J].地质灾害与环境保护,11(3):195—199.WANG Lan-sheng,YANG Li-zheng,LI Tian-bin,et al.2000.Evolution mechanism of Jiaochang earthquake landslideon Minjiang River and its control[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,11(3):195—199(in Chinese).
王兰生,王小群,许向宁,等.2007.岷江上游近两万年前发生了什么事件?[J].地学前缘,14(4):189—196.WANG Lan-sheng,WANG Xiao-qun,XUXiang-ning,et al.2007.What happened on the upstream of Minjiang River inSichuan Province20,000years ago[J].Earth Science Frontiers,14(4):189—196(in Chinese).
赵小麟,邓起东,陈社发.1994.岷山隆起的构造地貌学研究[J].地震地质,16(4):429—439.ZHAO Xiao-lin,DENG Qi-dong,CHEN She-fa.1994.Tectonic geomorphology of the Minshan uplift in western Si-chuan,southwestern China.[J].Seismology and Geology,16(4):429—439(in Chinese).
周荣军,蒲晓虹,何玉林,等.2000.四川岷江断裂带北段的新活动、岷山断块的隆起及其与地震活动的关系[J].地震地质,22(3):285—294.ZHOURong-jun,PUXiao-hong,HE Yu-lin,et al.2000.Recent activity of Minjiang Fault zone,uplift of Minshan blockand their relationship with seismicity of Sichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):285—294(in Chinese).
Katrin Monecke,Flavio S Anselmetti.2004.The record of historic earthquakes in lake sediments of Central Switzerland[J].Tectonophysics,394:21—40.
马保起,苏刚,侯治华,等.2005.利用岷江阶地的变形估算龙门山断裂带中段晚第四纪滑动速率[J].地震地质,27(2):234—242.MA Bao-qi,SU Gang,HOU Zhi-hua,et al.2005.Late Quaternary slip rate in the central part of the Longmenshan Faultzone from terrace deformation along the Minjiang River[J].Seismology and Geology,27(2):234—242(in Chi-nese).
钱洪,马声浩,龚宇.1995.关于岷江断裂若干问题的讨论[J].中国地震,11(2):140—146.QIAN Hong,MA Sheng-hao,GONG Yu.1995.Discussions on the Minjiang Fault[J].Earthquake Research in China,11(2):140—146(in Chinese).
钱洪,周荣军,马声浩,等.1999.岷江断裂南段与1933年叠溪地震研究[J].中国地震,15(4):333—338.QIAN Hong,ZHOU Rong-jun,MA Sheng-hao,et al.1999.South segment of Minjiang fault and Diexi earthquake in1993.[J].Earthquake Research in China,15(4):333—338(in Chinese).
司建涛,刘顺.2008.青藏高原东缘岷江断裂构造特征、变形序列和演化历史[J].四川地质学报,28(1):1—5.SI Jian-tao,LIU Shun.2008.Geological features,deformation sequence and evolution of the Minjiang Fault on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,28(1):1—5(in Chinese).
四川省地震局编著.1983.一九三三年叠溪地震[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.Earthquake Administration of Shanxi Province(ed).1983.Diexi Earthquake in1933[M].Sichuan Science andTechnology Press,Chengdu(in Chinese).
唐文清,刘宇平,陈智梁,等.2004.岷山隆起边界断裂构造活动初步研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,24(4):31—34.TANG Wen-qing,LIU Yu-ping,CHEN Zhi-liang,et al.2004.The preliminary study of the tectonic activities along theboundary faults around the Minshan uplift,western Sichuan[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,24(4):31—34(in Chinese).
王兰生,杨立铮,王小群,等.2005.岷江叠溪古堰塞湖的发现[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),32(1):1—11.WANG Lan-sheng,YANG Li-zheng,WANG Xiao-qun,et al.2005.Discovery of huge ancient dammed lake on up-stream of Minjiang River in Sichuan[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology E-dition),32(1):1—11(in Chinese).
王兰生,杨立铮,李天斌,等.2000.四川岷江叠溪校场地震滑坡及环境保护[J].地质灾害与环境保护,11(3):195—199.WANG Lan-sheng,YANG Li-zheng,LI Tian-bin,et al.2000.Evolution mechanism of Jiaochang earthquake landslideon Minjiang River and its control[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,11(3):195—199(in Chinese).
王兰生,王小群,许向宁,等.2007.岷江上游近两万年前发生了什么事件?[J].地学前缘,14(4):189—196.WANG Lan-sheng,WANG Xiao-qun,XUXiang-ning,et al.2007.What happened on the upstream of Minjiang River inSichuan Province20,000years ago[J].Earth Science Frontiers,14(4):189—196(in Chinese).
赵小麟,邓起东,陈社发.1994.岷山隆起的构造地貌学研究[J].地震地质,16(4):429—439.ZHAO Xiao-lin,DENG Qi-dong,CHEN She-fa.1994.Tectonic geomorphology of the Minshan uplift in western Si-chuan,southwestern China.[J].Seismology and Geology,16(4):429—439(in Chinese).
周荣军,蒲晓虹,何玉林,等.2000.四川岷江断裂带北段的新活动、岷山断块的隆起及其与地震活动的关系[J].地震地质,22(3):285—294.ZHOURong-jun,PUXiao-hong,HE Yu-lin,et al.2000.Recent activity of Minjiang Fault zone,uplift of Minshan blockand their relationship with seismicity of Sichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):285—294(in Chinese).
Katrin Monecke,Flavio S Anselmetti.2004.The record of historic earthquakes in lake sediments of Central Switzerland[J].Tectonophysics,394:21—40.
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