复杂构造解析中的几何学方法与应用
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摘要
复杂构造地区的地震反射资料并没有直观地反映出深、浅层构造的真实形态。综合地表、地震和钻井、测井资料,应用等倾角区划分和轴面分析确定断层形态和褶皱形态在几何学上的定量关系,以达到预测地震资料较差地区的构造形态之目的,是行之有效的构造解释方法。在获得解释方案后可通过断层相关褶皱分析获得构造变形量、变形机制、变形过程和变形时间,进而定量模拟不同时代和不同序次台阶状逆断层及其相关褶皱的叠加过程。本文提供了塔里木盆地周边和准噶尔盆地南缘4个冲断带的研究实例,实例1详述了应用等倾角区划分和轴面分析开展构造精细解析的步骤;实例2从几何学和运动学的角度探讨帕米尔北缘乌帕尔冲断带在形成过程中断层形态、褶皱形态与位移量之间的定量关系;实例3从西昆仑山前甫沙冲断带三排背斜的生长地层底界由南向北逐渐抬升的现象阐述深部台阶状逆断层的"前列式"扩展作用;实例4运用构造趋势分析解释库车前陆盆地秋里塔格背斜带中段地表背斜轴线扭曲的运动学机理。
eismic data in the complicated geological area can't intuitionally reflect the actual geometries of surface and subsurface structures,hence,identification of dip domains and axial surfaces analysis,together with seismic reflection profiles and surface structural measurements,have been used to define the quantitative geometrical relationship between shape of fold and fault,which is an effective method to structural interpretation of poor seismic images.Geometrical and kinematical analyses based on structural interpretation will contribute to understand deformation process,time and dynamic mechanism,and quantitatively simulate the kinematic process of imbricate thrusting and their related folds of multi-order and multi-phase.We presented four examples,in which the above methods were effectively applied,from the southern margin of the Junggar Basin and the periphery of Tarim Basin.The steps of fine interpretation using dip domains and axial surfaces analysis were detailedly expounded in the first example.The quantitative relationship among the displacement and shape of fault and fold on the kinematic process of Wuboer thrust belts in the northern margin of Pamir were discussed from perspective of geometry and kinematics in the second example.The break-forward thrusting was recognized by the gradually younger of the base of growth strata on the forelimb of the three anticlines in the Fusha thrust belt in the front of the West Kunlun Mountains in the third example,and kinematic model of the distortion in the middle part of the Qiultag anticline were constructed using structural trend analysis in the last example.
eismic data in the complicated geological area can't intuitionally reflect the actual geometries of surface and subsurface structures,hence,identification of dip domains and axial surfaces analysis,together with seismic reflection profiles and surface structural measurements,have been used to define the quantitative geometrical relationship between shape of fold and fault,which is an effective method to structural interpretation of poor seismic images.Geometrical and kinematical analyses based on structural interpretation will contribute to understand deformation process,time and dynamic mechanism,and quantitatively simulate the kinematic process of imbricate thrusting and their related folds of multi-order and multi-phase.We presented four examples,in which the above methods were effectively applied,from the southern margin of the Junggar Basin and the periphery of Tarim Basin.The steps of fine interpretation using dip domains and axial surfaces analysis were detailedly expounded in the first example.The quantitative relationship among the displacement and shape of fault and fold on the kinematic process of Wuboer thrust belts in the northern margin of Pamir were discussed from perspective of geometry and kinematics in the second example.The break-forward thrusting was recognized by the gradually younger of the base of growth strata on the forelimb of the three anticlines in the Fusha thrust belt in the front of the West Kunlun Mountains in the third example,and kinematic model of the distortion in the middle part of the Qiultag anticline were constructed using structural trend analysis in the last example.
引文
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管树巍,汪新,杨树锋,赵卫东,徐峰,雷刚林.2003.南天山库车秋里塔格褶皱带三维构造分析.地质论评,49(5):464—473.Guan Shuwei,Wang Xin,Yang Shufeng,Zhao Weidong,Xu Feng and Lei Ganglin.2003.3D structure analysis on theKuqa s Qiulitag anticline zone of the Southern Tianshan,China.Geol.Rev.,49(5):464—373.
管树巍,汪新,杨树锋,何登发,赵卫东.2004.位移转换的两种概念模型与实例.中国科学D辑,34(9):807—817.Guan Shuwei,Wang Xin,Yang Shufeng,He Dengfa and Zhao Weidong.2005.Two concept models of displacement transferand examples.Science in China,Series D,48(7):900—911.
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管树巍,汪新,杨树锋,赵卫东,徐峰,雷刚林.2003.南天山库车秋里塔格褶皱带三维构造分析.地质论评,49(5):464—473.Guan Shuwei,Wang Xin,Yang Shufeng,Zhao Weidong,Xu Feng and Lei Ganglin.2003.3D structure analysis on theKuqa s Qiulitag anticline zone of the Southern Tianshan,China.Geol.Rev.,49(5):464—373.
管树巍,汪新,杨树锋,何登发,赵卫东.2004.位移转换的两种概念模型与实例.中国科学D辑,34(9):807—817.Guan Shuwei,Wang Xin,Yang Shufeng,He Dengfa and Zhao Weidong.2005.Two concept models of displacement transferand examples.Science in China,Series D,48(7):900—911.
管树巍,张朝军,何登发,石昕,Suppe J,汪新,吴晓智.2006.前陆冲断带复杂构造解析与建模——以准噶尔盆地南缘第一排背斜带为例.地质学报,80(8):1131—1140.Guan Shuwei,Zhang Chaojun He Dengfa,Shi Xin,Suppe J,Wang Xin and Wu Xiaozhi.2006.Complex structural analysis andmodeling of the first rowanticlinal belt in the south of Junggar Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(8):1131—1140.
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贾承造,何登发,雷振宇,周路,贾进斗,王桂宏.2000.前陆冲断带油气勘探.北京:石油工业出版社.1—351.Jia Chengzao,He Dengfa,Lei Zhengyu,Zhou Lu,Jia Jindou and Wang Guihong.2000.Oil and Gas Exploration in ForelandThrust Belt.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.1—351.
卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭,刘志宏,王国强,贾承造.1999.库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,6(4):215—221.Lu Huafu,Jia Dong,Chen Chuming,Liu Zhihong,Wang Guoqiang and Jia Chengzao.1999.Nature and timing of Kuqa Ce-nozoic structures.Earth Sciences Frontiers,6(4):215—221.
卢华复,贾承造,贾东,陈楚铭,刘志宏,王国强,王胜利.2001.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征.高校地质学报,7(3):257—271.Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,Jia Dong,Chen Chuming,Liu Zhihong,Wang Guoqiang and Wang Shengli.2001.Features of thethrust wedge of deformation belt in Kuqa rejuvenation foreland basin.Geological Journal ofChina Universities,7(3):257—271.
苗继军,贾承造,王招明,齐英敏,张君峰,赵恩宏.2005.塔里木盆地北部库车地区秋里塔格构造带地层结构及其对构造变形的制约.地质科学,40(4):558—569.Miao Jijun,Jia Chengzao,Wang Zhaoming,Qi Yingmin,Zhang Junfeng and Zhao Enhong.2005.Stratigraphic configurationcontrol on tectonic deformation along the Qiulitag anticline belt of Kuqa area,northern Tarim Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(4):558—569.
曲国胜,Canerot J,王宗起,赵民.1996.造山带弧形构造——西昆仑—帕米尔弧及其预测.地质科学,31(4):313—326.Qu Guosheng,Canerot J,Wang Zongqi and Zhao Min.1996.Arc tectonics in orogenic belts.Chinese Jour.Geol.(formerly,Scientia Geologica Sinica),31(4):313—326.
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尚新璐,陈新卫,吴超,罗金海.2004.塔里木盆地西部喀什地区的新生代冲断构造.地质科学,39(4):543—550.Shang Xinlu,Chen Xinwei,Wu Chao and Luo Jinhai.2004.Cenozoic thrust structures in the Kashi area,western Tarim Ba-sin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,39(4):543—550.
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