波动方程偏移成像阴影的照明补偿
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摘要
受地下复杂构造和地震数据采集系统的影响,使地震波对地下目标的照明出现不均匀性,地震采集系统难以有效地获取地下某些目标的反射信息,进而使数据偏移成像在这些目标体上出现成像阴影.根据波场和Green函数的窗口Fourier框架展开,利用角度域波动方程偏移成像和波动方程照明分析,并结合波动方程反演理论,提出一种角度域波动方程偏移成像阴影照明补偿方法.这种补偿方法能同时考虑地震数据采集系统和波场传播路径对偏移成像的影响,消除复杂构造区的偏移成像阴影,改进波动方程叠前深度偏移成像在复杂构造区的成像效果.
Due to the effects of complicated subsurface structures and seismic acquisition systems, the seismic wave illumination to some subsurface targets may be inhomogenous, so the seismic acquisition system can not effectively acquire the reflected information from these targets, and migrated images of these targets will have some migration shadows. Based on the windowed Fourier frame expansion of wavefield and Green function, an illumination compensation method for wave equation migration shadow is proposed by using the wave equation migration and illumination analysis in angle domain and combining the wave equation inverse theory. The compensation method can take account into the effects of the seismic acquisition system and wave propagation path, remove the migration shadow on the complicated subsurface structures, and improve the results of wave equation prestack depth migration in complex structure regions.
Due to the effects of complicated subsurface structures and seismic acquisition systems, the seismic wave illumination to some subsurface targets may be inhomogenous, so the seismic acquisition system can not effectively acquire the reflected information from these targets, and migrated images of these targets will have some migration shadows. Based on the windowed Fourier frame expansion of wavefield and Green function, an illumination compensation method for wave equation migration shadow is proposed by using the wave equation migration and illumination analysis in angle domain and combining the wave equation inverse theory. The compensation method can take account into the effects of the seismic acquisition system and wave propagation path, remove the migration shadow on the complicated subsurface structures, and improve the results of wave equation prestack depth migration in complex structure regions.
引文
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[22]Chen S,Wu R S.Estimating the effects of number of shots and propagator apertures to prestack depth migration throughthe mapping of acquisition dip-response(ADR).73rd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2003
[23]Jin S,Walraven D.Wave equation GSPprestack depth migration and illumination.The Leading Edge,2003,22:606~660
[24]Rickett J.Illumination-based normalization for wave-equation depth migration.Geophysics,2003,68:1371~1379
[25]Wu R S,Chen S,Luo M.Amplitude corrections in angle-domain using beamlet decompositionfor wave-equation based migration.66th Annual Conference,European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers,2004
[26]Wu R,Luo M,Chen S,et al.Acquisition aperture correction in angle-domain and true-amplitude imaging for wave equation migration.74thAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2004
[27]Tarantola A.Inverse ProblemTheory.Elsevier Science Publ.Co.,Inc.,1987
[28]Bleistein N.On the imaging of reflectors in the earth.Geophysics,1987,52:931~942
[29]Mallat S.A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing.NewYork:Academic Press,1998
[30]Qian S,Chen D.Discrete Gabor transform.IEEE Trans.Signal Proc.,1993,41(7):2429~2436
[31]Qian S,Chen D.Joint Time-Frequency Analysis,Methods and Applications.Prentice Hall PTR,NJ,1996
[2]Gray S,et al.Seismic migration problems andsolutions.Geophysics,2001,66(5):1622~1640
[3]金胜汶,许士勇,吴如山.基于波动方程的广义屏叠前深度偏移.地球物理学报,2002,45(5):684~690Jin S W,Xu S Y,Wu R S.Wave equation based prestack depth migration using generalized screen propagator.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(5):684~690
[4]Rietveld WE A,Berkhout AJ,Wapenaar C P A.Optimumseismic illumination of hydrocarbon reservoirs.Geophysics,1992,57(10):1334~1345
[5]张叔伦,孙沛勇.快速面炮记录叠前深度偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):333~338Zhang S L,Sun P Y.Afast prestack depth migration on areal shot records.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,37(4):333~338
[6]Sun P Y,Zhang S L,Liu F Q.Prestack migration of areal shot records with phase encoding.72nd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,2002.1172~1175
[7]陈树民,刘洪,李幼铭.适于窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):58~67Chen S M,Liu H,Li Y M.The area shot method for land3D seismic acquisition.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(3):58~67
[8]Biondi B,Palacharla G.3-D prestack migration of common-azimuth data.Geophysics,1996,61(6):1822~1832
[9]Xu S,Chauris H,Lambare G,et al.Common-angle migration:A strategy for imaging complex media.Geophysics,2001,66(6):1877~1894
[10]陈生昌,马在田,Wu Ru-Shan.波动方程角度域偏移成像.计算物理,2007(待出版)Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.Wave equation migration in angle domain.Computational Physics(in Chinese),2007(in Press)
[11]Rietveld WE A,Berkhout AJ,Wapenaar C P A.Optimumseismic illumination of hydrocarbon reservoirs.Geophysics,1992,57(4):1334~1345
[12]Berkhout AJ,Ongkiehong L,Volker A WF,et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams———PartⅠ:Theoretical considerations.Geophysics,2001,66:911~917
[13]Audebert F,Froidevaux P,Rakotoatisoa H,et al.Insights into migration in the angle domain.72ndAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2002
[14]Audebert F,Nicoletis L,Froidevaux P,et al.True-amplitudemigrationinthe angle domain byregularization of illumination.73rd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2003
[15]Audebert F,Nicoletis L,Froidevaux P.Regulariztion of illumination in angle domains———Akeytotrue amplitude migration.The Leading Edge,2005,24:643~654
[16]刘伊克,常旭,卢孟夏等.目标函数叠前保幅偏移方法与应用.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1150~1154Liu Y K,Chang X,Lu M X,et al.Objective function prestack amplitude preserving migration and its application.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1150~1154
[17]Beylkin G.Imagingof discontinuitiesintheinverse scattering problem bythe inversion of a causal Radon transform.J.Math.Phys.,1985,26:99~108
[18]Xie X B,Jin S,Wu R S.Wave equation based illumination analysis.74thAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2004
[19]Wu RS,Chen L.Mapping directional illumination and acquisition-aperture efficacy by beamlet propagators.72ndAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded abstracts,2002
[20]陈生昌,马在田,吴如山.波动方程双程地下方向照明分析.同济大学学报,2007(待出版)Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.Two-way subsurface directional illumination analysis by wave equation.J.Tongji Univ.(in Chinese),2007(in Press)
[21]董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠等.逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统优化.石油物探,2006,45(1):40~47Dong L G,Wu XF,Tang HZ,et al.Seismic wave illuminationfor overthrust nappe structures and optimal seismic survey design.Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(1):40~47
[22]Chen S,Wu R S.Estimating the effects of number of shots and propagator apertures to prestack depth migration throughthe mapping of acquisition dip-response(ADR).73rd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2003
[23]Jin S,Walraven D.Wave equation GSPprestack depth migration and illumination.The Leading Edge,2003,22:606~660
[24]Rickett J.Illumination-based normalization for wave-equation depth migration.Geophysics,2003,68:1371~1379
[25]Wu R S,Chen S,Luo M.Amplitude corrections in angle-domain using beamlet decompositionfor wave-equation based migration.66th Annual Conference,European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers,2004
[26]Wu R,Luo M,Chen S,et al.Acquisition aperture correction in angle-domain and true-amplitude imaging for wave equation migration.74thAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2004
[27]Tarantola A.Inverse ProblemTheory.Elsevier Science Publ.Co.,Inc.,1987
[28]Bleistein N.On the imaging of reflectors in the earth.Geophysics,1987,52:931~942
[29]Mallat S.A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing.NewYork:Academic Press,1998
[30]Qian S,Chen D.Discrete Gabor transform.IEEE Trans.Signal Proc.,1993,41(7):2429~2436
[31]Qian S,Chen D.Joint Time-Frequency Analysis,Methods and Applications.Prentice Hall PTR,NJ,1996
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