山东安丘地区郯庐断裂带古近纪冲积物震积岩序列
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摘要
在郯庐断裂带的安丘—夏庄箕状盆地的古近纪朱壁店组厚层冲积层中,发育许多震积岩层。它们是由地震液化、地震裂隙充填、振动塌落、地震断裂和地震沉陷作用而形成的震积岩组合。通过野外观测、室内鉴定和比较地震地质学研究,鉴别出了液化砂岩脉、液化砂岩墙、液化砂岩团块、裂隙充填砂砾岩墙、震塌岩、地震成因层内断裂及地震沉陷构造等震积岩构造。根据震积岩构造的特征和有关的研究成果,本文建立了由A、B和C3个震积岩单元组成的震积岩序列。水饱和砂受强烈振动液化作用形成A单元;随后,由砂砾层或砂层的地震裂隙充填和震动塌落而形成B单元;最后,由层内断裂作用及地面沉陷作用生成C单元;该序列的3个单元反映了厚层冲积物的地震作用全过程。
Several seismo-depositional layers developed in the thick bedded alluviums of the Paleogene Zhubidian Formation in the Anqiu-Xiazhuang half graben along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. They were a suit of seismites composed of the seismic liquefaction, seismic-fissure filling, vibration falling, seismic fracturing and earthquake settling. Based on the field survey, laboratory examination as well as comparative seismogeologic study, the authors recognized many seismite structures such as liquefied sand vein, liquefied sand dyke, liquefied sand mass, sandy conglomerate dyke by fissure filling, seismic fall-mass, small-scale seismic intra-layer fracture and seismo-settlement structure, etc. According to features of these seismite structures and some relevant research references, a new seismo-depositional succession of alluvial facies sediments, consisting of A, B and C units, was established in the paper. The unit A was formed by strong vibration liquefaction of water-saturation sand at first, then the unit B formed by seismic-fissure filling and vibration falling, and the unit C produced by intra-layer fracturing and ground settling at last, which reflected the whole seismic function of the thick bedded alluviums. To synthesize the analysis of regional geology and research results before, we proposed that the Paleogene seismites in Anqiu area, Shandong, should be a responses to the intense tectonic activity and strong earthquakes of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during Early Cenozoic.
Several seismo-depositional layers developed in the thick bedded alluviums of the Paleogene Zhubidian Formation in the Anqiu-Xiazhuang half graben along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. They were a suit of seismites composed of the seismic liquefaction, seismic-fissure filling, vibration falling, seismic fracturing and earthquake settling. Based on the field survey, laboratory examination as well as comparative seismogeologic study, the authors recognized many seismite structures such as liquefied sand vein, liquefied sand dyke, liquefied sand mass, sandy conglomerate dyke by fissure filling, seismic fall-mass, small-scale seismic intra-layer fracture and seismo-settlement structure, etc. According to features of these seismite structures and some relevant research references, a new seismo-depositional succession of alluvial facies sediments, consisting of A, B and C units, was established in the paper. The unit A was formed by strong vibration liquefaction of water-saturation sand at first, then the unit B formed by seismic-fissure filling and vibration falling, and the unit C produced by intra-layer fracturing and ground settling at last, which reflected the whole seismic function of the thick bedded alluviums. To synthesize the analysis of regional geology and research results before, we proposed that the Paleogene seismites in Anqiu area, Shandong, should be a responses to the intense tectonic activity and strong earthquakes of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during Early Cenozoic.
引文
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孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列———以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,9(3):271—278.SunXiaomeng,LiangDingyiandNieZetong.1995.Seismitesequenceincontinentalmargin—Takingseismiteinmiddlere-gionofJinshaRiverasanexample.Geoscience,9(3):271—278.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究.地质论评,49(2):123—131.TianHongshui,WanZhongjieandWangHualin.2003.DiscoveryandpreliminarystudyonseismitesoftheCambrianMantouFormationinthecentralShandongarea.Geol.Rev.,49(2):123—131.
吴贤涛,尹国勋.1992.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义.沉积学报,10(3):19—26.WuXiantaoandYinGuoxun.1992.DiscoveryandsignificanceofseismiteoflakedepositionofLateJurassicinEmeiinSi-chuan.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,10(3):19—26.
杨明慧,刘池阳,孙冬胜,崔永谦.2004.陆相伸展盆地强伸展期沉积格架与断块翘倾分析———以冀中坳陷廊固凹陷沙河街组三段中亚段为例.地质科学,39(2):178—190.YangMinghui,LiuChiyang,SunDongshengandCuiYongqian.2004.Dspositionalframeworkandfault-blocktiltinginstrongextensionalstageofcontinentalbasin:anexamplefromthemiddlepartof3rdMember,ShahejieFormationintheLangguDepression,CentralHebeiBasin.ChineseJour.Geol.,39(2):178—190.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义.沉积学报,22(1):41—46.YuanJing.2004.ThepropertyandgeologicalsignificanceofseismitesofPaleogeneinHuiminsag,ShandongProvince.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,22(1):41—46.
张增奇,刘明渭.1996.山东省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.264—269.ZhangZengqiandLiuMingwei.1996.Stratigraphy(Lithostratigraphic)ofShandongProvince.Wuhan:ChinaUniversityofGeosciencesPress.264—269.
赵明华,俞晓.2003.土力学与基础工程.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社.318—319.ZhaoMinghuaandYuXiao.2003.SoilMechanicsandFoundationEngineering.Wuhan:WuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyPress.318—319.
周建波,程日辉,刘建辉.2005.郯庐断裂中段管帅拉分盆地的确定及其构造意义.地质科学,40(4):486—498.ZhouJianbo,ChengRihuiandLiuJianhui.2005.DeterminationofGuanshuaipull-apartbasinalongthemiddlesectorofTan-Lufaultanditstectonicimplications.ChineseJour.Geol.,40(4):486—498.
朱光,王道轩,刘国生,牛漫兰,宋传中.2004.郯庐断裂带的演化及其对西太平洋板块运动的响应.地质科学,39(1):36—49.ZhuGuang,WangDaoxuan,LiuGuosheng,NiuManlanandSongChuanzhong.2004.EvolutionoftheTan-LufaultzoneanditsresponsestoplatemovementsinWestPacificBasin.ChineseJour.Geol.,39(1):36—49.
CojanIandThiryM.1992.SeismicallyinduceddeformationstructuresinOligoceneshallow-marineandeoliancoastalsands(ParisBasin).Tectonophysics,206:79—89.
GuiraudMandPlazaitJC.1993.SeismiteinthefluviatileBimasandstones:identificationoftheirmagnitudesinaCretaceoussynsedimentarystrike-slipbasin(UpperBenue,Nigeria).Tectonophysics,225:493—522.
PlazaitJCandAhmedE.1993.Diversityofthesedimentaryexpressionsofmajorearthquakes:AnexamplefromthePliocencesandyseismitesoftheEgyptianRedSeacoast.Geol.Soc.Egypt,Spec.Publ.,1:277—294.
PlazaitJC,PurserBHandPhilobbosE.1990.Seismitesdeformationstructures(seismite)inthesyn-riftsedimentsoftheNWRedSea(Egypt).Bull.Soc.Ged.France,(8):419—434.
PrattBR.1998.Syneresiscracks:subaqueousshrinkageinargillaceoussedimentscausedbyearthquake-induceddewatering.SedimentaryGeol.,117:1—10.
PurserBH,PlazaitJCandPhilobbosE.1993.StratiformbrecciasandassociateddeformationstructuresrecordingNeogeneearthquakeinsyn-riftsedimentsoftheEgyptianRedSeacoast.Geol.Soc.Egypt,Spec.Publ.,1:189—204.
Rodriguez-PascauMA,CalvoJP,DeVicenteGandGomez-DrasD.2000.Soft-sedimentdeformationstructuresinterpretedasseismitesinlacustrinesedimentsofthePrebeticZone,SESpain,andtheirpotentialuseasindicatorsofearthquakemagnitudesduringtheLateMiocene.SedimentaryGeol.,135:117—135.
操应长,姜在兴,夏斌,杨伟利.2004.陆相断陷湖盆T-R层序的特点及其控制因素———以东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段层序地层为例.地质科学,39(1):111—122.CaoYingchang,JiangZaixing,XiaBinandYangWeili.2004.CharactersandcontrollingfactorsofT-Rsequenceinlacus-trinedepositsofriftbasin:anexamplefromtheDongyingDepression,easternChina.ChineseJour.Geol.,39(1):111—122.
陈世悦,袁文芳,鄢继华.2003.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及意义.地质科学,38(3):413—424.ChenShiyue,YuanWenfangandYanJihua.2003.DiscoveryandsignificanceofearthquakeeventdepositsofEarlyTertiaryintheJiyangDepression.ChineseJour.Geol.,38(3):413—424.
迟元林,钟建华,周瑶琪,陈书平,王绍兰,朱光有,孙国忠.1999.安徽巢北早三叠世南陵湖灰岩中的灰涌构造及其成因意义.岩石学报,15(1):137—144.ChiYuanlin,ZhongJianhua,ZhouYaoqi,ChenShuping,WangShaolan,ZhuGuangyouandSunGuozhong.1999.ThelimeblowintheNanlinghulimestoneofEarlyTriassicperiodinNorthChaohu,Anhui:Itsgenesisandsignificance.ActaPetrologicaSinica,15(1):137—144.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩.地球科学进展,15(4):389—394.DuYuanshengandHanXin.2000.Seismo-depositionandseismites.AdvanceinEarthScience,15(4):389—394.
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣,顾松竹,林文娇.2001.滇中中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义.中国科学D辑,31(4):283—290.DuYuansheng,ZhangChuanheng,HanXin,GuSongzhuandLinWenjiao.20001.EarthquakeeventdepositsinMesoprot-erozoicKunyangGroupincentralYunnananditsgeologicimplications.SciencesinChina,SeriesD,31(4):283—290.
冯先岳.1989.地震振动液化变形研究.内陆地震,3(4):209—307.FengXianyue.1989.Studyonthedeformationcausedbyseismicvibrationalliquefaction.InlandEarthquake,3(4):209—307.
牛漫兰,朱光,刘国生,宋传中,王道轩.2005.郯庐断裂中-南段新生代火山活动与深部过程.地质科学,40(3):390—403.NiuManlan,ZhuGuang,LiuGuosheng,SongChuanzhongandWangDaoxuan.2005.Cenozoicvolcanicactivitiesanddeepprocessesinthemiddle-southsectoroftheTan-Lufaultzone.ChineseJour.Geol.,40(3):390—403.
乔秀夫,高林志.1999.华北中新元古代及早古生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系.科学通报,44(16):1753—1758.QiaoXiufuandGaoLinzhi.1999.EarthquakeeventinNeoproterozoicandEarlyPaleozoicanditsrelationshipwithsuperconti-nentalRodiniainNorthChina.ChineseSci.Bull.,44(16):1753—1758.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.2001.古郯庐带新元古界———灾变·层序·生物.北京:地质出版社.1—122.QiaoXiufu,GaoLinzhiandPengYang.2001.NeoproterozoicinPaleo-Tancheng-LujiangFaultZone:Catastrophe·Sequences·Biostratigraphy.Beijing:GeologicalPubl.House.1—122.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,彭阳,李海兵,高劢,宋彪,张巧大.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1):16—34.QiaoXiufu,SongTianrui,GaoLinzhi,PengYang,LiHaibing,GaoMai,SongBiaoandZhangQiaoda.1994.Seismicse-quenceincarbonaterocksbyvibrationalliquefaction.ActaGeologicaSinica,68(1):16—34.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,李海兵,高林志.1996.辽东半岛南部震旦系—下寒武统成因地层.北京:科学出版社.9—137.QiaoXiufu,SongTianrui,LiHaibingandGaoLinzhi.1996.GeneticStratigraphyoftheSinianandLowerCambrianStratainSouthLiaoningProvince.Beijing:SciencePress.9—137.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列.科学通报,33(8):609—611.SongTianrui.1988.Apossibleseismic-tsunamisequenceinPrecambriancarbonatestratigraphyinShisanlingarea,Beijing.ChineseSci.Bull.,33(8):609—611.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列———以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,9(3):271—278.SunXiaomeng,LiangDingyiandNieZetong.1995.Seismitesequenceincontinentalmargin—Takingseismiteinmiddlere-gionofJinshaRiverasanexample.Geoscience,9(3):271—278.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究.地质论评,49(2):123—131.TianHongshui,WanZhongjieandWangHualin.2003.DiscoveryandpreliminarystudyonseismitesoftheCambrianMantouFormationinthecentralShandongarea.Geol.Rev.,49(2):123—131.
吴贤涛,尹国勋.1992.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义.沉积学报,10(3):19—26.WuXiantaoandYinGuoxun.1992.DiscoveryandsignificanceofseismiteoflakedepositionofLateJurassicinEmeiinSi-chuan.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,10(3):19—26.
杨明慧,刘池阳,孙冬胜,崔永谦.2004.陆相伸展盆地强伸展期沉积格架与断块翘倾分析———以冀中坳陷廊固凹陷沙河街组三段中亚段为例.地质科学,39(2):178—190.YangMinghui,LiuChiyang,SunDongshengandCuiYongqian.2004.Dspositionalframeworkandfault-blocktiltinginstrongextensionalstageofcontinentalbasin:anexamplefromthemiddlepartof3rdMember,ShahejieFormationintheLangguDepression,CentralHebeiBasin.ChineseJour.Geol.,39(2):178—190.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义.沉积学报,22(1):41—46.YuanJing.2004.ThepropertyandgeologicalsignificanceofseismitesofPaleogeneinHuiminsag,ShandongProvince.ActaSedimentologicaSinica,22(1):41—46.
张增奇,刘明渭.1996.山东省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.264—269.ZhangZengqiandLiuMingwei.1996.Stratigraphy(Lithostratigraphic)ofShandongProvince.Wuhan:ChinaUniversityofGeosciencesPress.264—269.
赵明华,俞晓.2003.土力学与基础工程.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社.318—319.ZhaoMinghuaandYuXiao.2003.SoilMechanicsandFoundationEngineering.Wuhan:WuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyPress.318—319.
周建波,程日辉,刘建辉.2005.郯庐断裂中段管帅拉分盆地的确定及其构造意义.地质科学,40(4):486—498.ZhouJianbo,ChengRihuiandLiuJianhui.2005.DeterminationofGuanshuaipull-apartbasinalongthemiddlesectorofTan-Lufaultanditstectonicimplications.ChineseJour.Geol.,40(4):486—498.
朱光,王道轩,刘国生,牛漫兰,宋传中.2004.郯庐断裂带的演化及其对西太平洋板块运动的响应.地质科学,39(1):36—49.ZhuGuang,WangDaoxuan,LiuGuosheng,NiuManlanandSongChuanzhong.2004.EvolutionoftheTan-LufaultzoneanditsresponsestoplatemovementsinWestPacificBasin.ChineseJour.Geol.,39(1):36—49.
CojanIandThiryM.1992.SeismicallyinduceddeformationstructuresinOligoceneshallow-marineandeoliancoastalsands(ParisBasin).Tectonophysics,206:79—89.
GuiraudMandPlazaitJC.1993.SeismiteinthefluviatileBimasandstones:identificationoftheirmagnitudesinaCretaceoussynsedimentarystrike-slipbasin(UpperBenue,Nigeria).Tectonophysics,225:493—522.
PlazaitJCandAhmedE.1993.Diversityofthesedimentaryexpressionsofmajorearthquakes:AnexamplefromthePliocencesandyseismitesoftheEgyptianRedSeacoast.Geol.Soc.Egypt,Spec.Publ.,1:277—294.
PlazaitJC,PurserBHandPhilobbosE.1990.Seismitesdeformationstructures(seismite)inthesyn-riftsedimentsoftheNWRedSea(Egypt).Bull.Soc.Ged.France,(8):419—434.
PrattBR.1998.Syneresiscracks:subaqueousshrinkageinargillaceoussedimentscausedbyearthquake-induceddewatering.SedimentaryGeol.,117:1—10.
PurserBH,PlazaitJCandPhilobbosE.1993.StratiformbrecciasandassociateddeformationstructuresrecordingNeogeneearthquakeinsyn-riftsedimentsoftheEgyptianRedSeacoast.Geol.Soc.Egypt,Spec.Publ.,1:189—204.
Rodriguez-PascauMA,CalvoJP,DeVicenteGandGomez-DrasD.2000.Soft-sedimentdeformationstructuresinterpretedasseismitesinlacustrinesedimentsofthePrebeticZone,SESpain,andtheirpotentialuseasindicatorsofearthquakemagnitudesduringtheLateMiocene.SedimentaryGeol.,135:117—135.
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