利用超导重力数据研究若干地球科学问题的进展
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摘要
本文首先介绍了"全球地球动力学计划"的最新进展情况,综述了基于超导重力数据研究时变重力场的研究进展,内容主要包括重力潮汐和自由核章动参数测定,海潮模型有效性检验,大气负荷信号改正,地球自由振荡以及核模的检测。文章还介绍了全球超导重力仪的长期连续观测记录在研究地球对自转变化的响应特征、地下水储量变化和标定重力卫星等方面发挥的重要作用,并探讨了利用全球超导重力数据探测地球内核超速旋转的可能性。最后指出,超导重力仪对全球地震事件的记录为我们研究地震预测、震源机制解以及重力场受地壳长期形变影响的特征提供了良好的机遇。
This paper first introduces the latest development of the Global Geodynamical Project(GGP),and reviews the achievements on studying the temporal gravity field based on the superconducting gravimeters(SG) in the GGP network,including measuring the parameters of the gravity tide and free core nutation(FCN),the validation of the ocean tide model,the atmospheric pressure loading correction,and the detections of the Earth free oscillation and core mode.And then it is shown that the long-term continuous observations of the global SG play an important role in the Earth's response characteristics with respect to the rotation changes,groundwater changes and the calibration of the space satellite data.Finally we discuss the possibility of detecting the inner core's super rotation using SG records,and further show that the global SG records due to the seismic events provide a good opportunity to study the earthquake prediction,focal mechanism solutions as well as the gravitational field characteristics stemmed from the crustal deformation.
This paper first introduces the latest development of the Global Geodynamical Project(GGP),and reviews the achievements on studying the temporal gravity field based on the superconducting gravimeters(SG) in the GGP network,including measuring the parameters of the gravity tide and free core nutation(FCN),the validation of the ocean tide model,the atmospheric pressure loading correction,and the detections of the Earth free oscillation and core mode.And then it is shown that the long-term continuous observations of the global SG play an important role in the Earth's response characteristics with respect to the rotation changes,groundwater changes and the calibration of the space satellite data.Finally we discuss the possibility of detecting the inner core's super rotation using SG records,and further show that the global SG records due to the seismic events provide a good opportunity to study the earthquake prediction,focal mechanism solutions as well as the gravitational field characteristics stemmed from the crustal deformation.
引文
[1]Crossley D,Hinderer J,Casula G,Francis O,Hsu HT,etal.Network of superconducting gravimeters benefits a num-ber of disciplines[J].EOS,1999,80(11):121-126.
[2]GoodkindJ.The superconducting gravimeter[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1999,70(11),4131-4152.
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[9]孙和平,徐建桥,黎琼.地球重力场的精细频谱结构及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):345-352.
[10]Rosat S,Hinderer J,Rivera L.First observation of 2S1and study of the splitting of the football mode 0S2 afterthe June 2001 Peru earthquake of magnitude 8.4[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2003,30(21):2111
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[12]Hu X G,Liu L T,Hinderer J,Hsu H T,Sun H P.Wavelet filter analysis of atmospheric pressure effects inthe long-period seismic mode band[J].Phys.EarthPlanet.Int.,2006,154:70-84.
[13]Nawa K,Suda N,Fukao Y,Sato T,Aoyama Y,Shibuya K.Incessant excitation of the Earth’s free os-cillations[J].Earth Planets Space,1998,50:3-8.
[14]Tanimoto T,Um J,Nishida K,Kobayashi N.Earth’scontinuous oscillations observed on seismically quiet days[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1998,25:1553-1556.
[15]Suda N,Nawa K,Fukao Y.Earth’s background freeoscillations[J].Science,1998,279:2089-2091.
[16]Rosat S,Hinderer J,Crossley D,Rivera L.The search forthe Slichter mode:Comparison of noise levels of supercon-ducting gravimeters and investigation of a stacking method[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,2003,140:183-202.
[17]Boy J P,Hinderer J.Study of the seasonal gravity signalin superconducting gravimeter data[J].J.Geodyn.,2006,41:227-233.
[18]Crossley D,Hinderer J,Boy J P,de Linage C.Status ofthe GG PStaellite project[J].Bull.d’Inf.Marees Terr,2006,142:11423-11432.
[19]Wahr J.Deformation induced by polar motion[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1985,90(B11):9363-9368.
[20]Hinderer J,Legros H,Crossley D.Global Earth dynamicsand induced gravity changes[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1991,96:20257-20265.
[21]申文斌.刘琳,宁津生.内核超速旋转及其对重力场的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):430-436.
[22]陈巍,申文斌,韩建成.中国地球物理[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2007:365-366.
[23]申文斌,刘任莉.利用超导重力数据探测内核超速旋转的研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2009,34:72-76.
[24]Omerbashich M.Earth-model discrimination method[D].University of New Brunswick,Fredericton,2003.
[25]Imanishi Y,Sato T,Higashi T,Sun W K,Okubo S.Anetwork of superconducting gravimeters detects submicro-gal coseismic gravity changes[J].Science,2004,306:476-478.
[26]Kizawa T.The recorders of the gravitational instrumentsbefore and after large earthquake[J].Overseas Earth-quakes,1972,1:39-4l.
[2]GoodkindJ.The superconducting gravimeter[J].Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1999,70(11),4131-4152.
[3]Hinderer J,Crossley D.Time variations in gravity andinferences on the Earth’s structure and dynamics[J].Surv.Geophys.,2000,21:1-45.
[4]Hinderer J,Crossley D.Scientific achievements from thefirst phase(1997-2003)of the Global GeodynamicsProject using a worldwide network of superconducting gra-vimeters[J].J.Geodyn.,2004,38,237-262.
[5]Crossley D,Hinderer J.Report of GG PActivities toCommission 3,Completing 10 Years for the WorldwideNetwork of Superconducting Gravimeters[A].In:In-ternational Association of Geodesy Symposia.Observingour Changing Earth,Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2008,Vol.133,Part 3:511-521.
[6]Crossley D,Hinderer J.The Contribution of GG PSuper-conducting Gravimeters to GGOS[A].In:InternationalAssociation of Geodesy Symposia.Observing our Chan-ging Earth,Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2008,133,Part5:841-852.
[7]Boy J P,Gegout P,Hinferer J.Reduction of surfacegravity data from global atmospheric pressure loading[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2002,149:534-545.
[8]Hu X G,Liu L T,Hinderer J,Sun H P.Wavelet filteranalysis of local atmospheric pressure effects on gravityvariations[J].J.Geod.,2005,79:447-459.
[9]孙和平,徐建桥,黎琼.地球重力场的精细频谱结构及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):345-352.
[10]Rosat S,Hinderer J,Rivera L.First observation of 2S1and study of the splitting of the football mode 0S2 afterthe June 2001 Peru earthquake of magnitude 8.4[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2003,30(21):2111
[11]Rosat S,Sato T,Imanishi Y,Hnderer J,et al.High-resolution analysis of the gravest seismic normal modesafter the 2004 MW=9 Sumatra earthquake using super-conducting gravimeter data[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2005,32:L13304.
[12]Hu X G,Liu L T,Hinderer J,Hsu H T,Sun H P.Wavelet filter analysis of atmospheric pressure effects inthe long-period seismic mode band[J].Phys.EarthPlanet.Int.,2006,154:70-84.
[13]Nawa K,Suda N,Fukao Y,Sato T,Aoyama Y,Shibuya K.Incessant excitation of the Earth’s free os-cillations[J].Earth Planets Space,1998,50:3-8.
[14]Tanimoto T,Um J,Nishida K,Kobayashi N.Earth’scontinuous oscillations observed on seismically quiet days[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1998,25:1553-1556.
[15]Suda N,Nawa K,Fukao Y.Earth’s background freeoscillations[J].Science,1998,279:2089-2091.
[16]Rosat S,Hinderer J,Crossley D,Rivera L.The search forthe Slichter mode:Comparison of noise levels of supercon-ducting gravimeters and investigation of a stacking method[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,2003,140:183-202.
[17]Boy J P,Hinderer J.Study of the seasonal gravity signalin superconducting gravimeter data[J].J.Geodyn.,2006,41:227-233.
[18]Crossley D,Hinderer J,Boy J P,de Linage C.Status ofthe GG PStaellite project[J].Bull.d’Inf.Marees Terr,2006,142:11423-11432.
[19]Wahr J.Deformation induced by polar motion[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1985,90(B11):9363-9368.
[20]Hinderer J,Legros H,Crossley D.Global Earth dynamicsand induced gravity changes[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1991,96:20257-20265.
[21]申文斌.刘琳,宁津生.内核超速旋转及其对重力场的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):430-436.
[22]陈巍,申文斌,韩建成.中国地球物理[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2007:365-366.
[23]申文斌,刘任莉.利用超导重力数据探测内核超速旋转的研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2009,34:72-76.
[24]Omerbashich M.Earth-model discrimination method[D].University of New Brunswick,Fredericton,2003.
[25]Imanishi Y,Sato T,Higashi T,Sun W K,Okubo S.Anetwork of superconducting gravimeters detects submicro-gal coseismic gravity changes[J].Science,2004,306:476-478.
[26]Kizawa T.The recorders of the gravitational instrumentsbefore and after large earthquake[J].Overseas Earth-quakes,1972,1:39-4l.
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