中国大陆侏罗纪以来六大动力体系和资源预测
|
摘要
本文阐述了笔者在近几年参加"中国岩石圈三维结构"研究和中、俄、蒙、哈、韩合作编制1:250万"亚洲中部及邻区地质图系"工作中获得的一些新认识和新观点,概略地说主要包括四点:①地球自转和公转产生的惯性离心力和从高纬度向低纬度的挤压力是永久性的、永恒的,是为其他"后生"的各种动力体系"垫底"的,因此笔者称其为"本底动力体系";②在"本底动力体系"基础上侏罗纪以来新产生、并影响中国大陆及海域的动力体系,除东部的太平洋海底扩张动力体系和西(西南)部印度洋海底扩张动力体系外,还有尚未引起重视的北部蒙古—鄂霍次克中生代继承性的动力体系与北冰洋海底扩张动力体系;③在东(东南)、西(西南)和北面各方向的动力体系向中国大陆及海域"联合"挤压下,按"扇形力原理"(一端受挤压时,另一端被拉张)打造了中国东部及海域软流圈物质上涌,正是由于软流圈物质上涌的强大动力体系导致了中国东部中新生代岩石圈剧变和构造、岩浆、裂谷、成矿、地震、火山等等复杂的地质与成矿作用;④为什么太平洋、印度洋(以及大西洋)海底扩张最强烈的区域主要出现在赤道两侧的南、北纬度60°范围内(其中又以南、北纬度30°内更为强烈)?究其原因,是由于地球自转与公转的离心力和由高纬度向低纬度的挤压力(总之是"本底动力体系")在赤道及其两侧最集中、最强大而引发的。因此,著名地质学家李四光先生以地球自转和公转的动力体系理论为基础创建的地质力学理论和构造体系学说,中国地质学家绝不应忘记、更不能放弃,而是要把李四光先生的理论和学说与当代动力学理论和全球构造学说有机结合起来,取长补短,创建出能够确切揭示中国重大基础地质问题的真谛和切实解决重要成矿与找矿问题实际的新理论。笔者将以上的新认识和新观点应用于地质、找矿的新思路和新方法,主要也有四点:①以温度100℃和深度4.25km为"底界面",寻找和优选地热勘查开发区;②以不同时代、不同方向和不同性质的动力体系所形成的断裂系统控矿(特征)为依据,寻找"内生"矿产的勘查"靶区";③以深部热力和动力作用对油气田形成的重要意义为依据,按"三步走"的方法寻找新的油气勘查开发区;④以10～20km深处的温度值和岩石有效弹性为依据,并结合新生代活动断层特点,作为地震预测预报的依据和方法之一。
In this paper, the authors present some new points of view from the recent Three-Dimensional Structure of the Lithosphere in China and the Geological Map Series of Central Asia and Adjacent Areas completed by experts from China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and South Korea. First, the inertial centrifugal force of the rotation and revolution of the earth and the extrusion force generated from the high latitudes to low latitudes are permanent and eternal and function as the context of other factors, and so these two forces are referred to as the background. Second, with the exception of the sea-floor spreading of the power system in the eastern Pacific and Indian Ocean, China's mainland and marine power systems formed since Jurassic, which include the northern part of Mongolia-Okhotsk Mesozoic succession of power systems and the power system of the Arctic Ocean sea-floor spreading, have not aroused sufficient attention. Third, according to "fan-power principle" (squeezing at one end accompanied by extension at the other end), the joint pressure of the power system from the east, west and north to China's mainland and the sea caused upwelling of the asthenosphere materials in China's eastern part and sea waters, which, under the strong Chinese power system, consequently led to the dramatic changes in Cenozoic lithosphere and tectonics in eastern China as well as the occurrence of magmatiam, rift valley, earthquakes, volcanoes and other complex geological and mineralization phenomena. Finally, the reason why the most strong spreading units of the sea-floor in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean (and the Atlantic) lie mainly within the latitudes of 60° on both sides of the equator seems to be the effects of the centrifugal force of the rotation and revolution of the earth and the extrusion force from the high latitudes to low latitudes (i.e., mostly "at the end of the power system") on both sides of the equator. Therefore, Instead of forgetting or giving up Li Siguang's contribution to the theories of the rotation and revolution of the earth and the power system structural geology, geologists should incorporate his theory with contemporary theories to explore the spirit of basic geological and metallogenic problem and to resolve these important problems effectively for the purpose of developing a new and practical theory for mineral exploration. The authors' new understanding and points of view can be applied to geology and exploration. First, they help to search for the hot, dark and quiet zone lying on the interface with the temperature of 100 °C and the depth of 4.25 m. Second, they can also help to explore the central area of the endogenous ore deposits on the basis of the ore-controlling fault systems formed in different periods, in different directions and of different natures of the power system. Third, they help to follow the "three-step" approach to prospecting for new oil and gas zones with the help of the effects of deep heat and power on the formation of oil and gas fields. Finally, they make it possible to forecast earthquakes with the help of the outside temperature of 10-20 km in depth and the effective elasticity of rock, combined with the characteristics of the new generation of active faults.
In this paper, the authors present some new points of view from the recent Three-Dimensional Structure of the Lithosphere in China and the Geological Map Series of Central Asia and Adjacent Areas completed by experts from China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and South Korea. First, the inertial centrifugal force of the rotation and revolution of the earth and the extrusion force generated from the high latitudes to low latitudes are permanent and eternal and function as the context of other factors, and so these two forces are referred to as the background. Second, with the exception of the sea-floor spreading of the power system in the eastern Pacific and Indian Ocean, China's mainland and marine power systems formed since Jurassic, which include the northern part of Mongolia-Okhotsk Mesozoic succession of power systems and the power system of the Arctic Ocean sea-floor spreading, have not aroused sufficient attention. Third, according to "fan-power principle" (squeezing at one end accompanied by extension at the other end), the joint pressure of the power system from the east, west and north to China's mainland and the sea caused upwelling of the asthenosphere materials in China's eastern part and sea waters, which, under the strong Chinese power system, consequently led to the dramatic changes in Cenozoic lithosphere and tectonics in eastern China as well as the occurrence of magmatiam, rift valley, earthquakes, volcanoes and other complex geological and mineralization phenomena. Finally, the reason why the most strong spreading units of the sea-floor in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean (and the Atlantic) lie mainly within the latitudes of 60° on both sides of the equator seems to be the effects of the centrifugal force of the rotation and revolution of the earth and the extrusion force from the high latitudes to low latitudes (i.e., mostly "at the end of the power system") on both sides of the equator. Therefore, Instead of forgetting or giving up Li Siguang's contribution to the theories of the rotation and revolution of the earth and the power system structural geology, geologists should incorporate his theory with contemporary theories to explore the spirit of basic geological and metallogenic problem and to resolve these important problems effectively for the purpose of developing a new and practical theory for mineral exploration. The authors' new understanding and points of view can be applied to geology and exploration. First, they help to search for the hot, dark and quiet zone lying on the interface with the temperature of 100 °C and the depth of 4.25 m. Second, they can also help to explore the central area of the endogenous ore deposits on the basis of the ore-controlling fault systems formed in different periods, in different directions and of different natures of the power system. Third, they help to follow the "three-step" approach to prospecting for new oil and gas zones with the help of the effects of deep heat and power on the formation of oil and gas fields. Finally, they make it possible to forecast earthquakes with the help of the outside temperature of 10-20 km in depth and the effective elasticity of rock, combined with the characteristics of the new generation of active faults.
引文
[1]北京教育研究中心.全日制普通高级中学教科书(必读)地理上册[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2005:15.Beijing Educational Research Center.Geography Textbook for Full-time Senior Middle School(Book I)[M].Beijing:People's Education Publishing House,2005:15(in Chinese).
[2]耿全如,等.印度与亚洲碰撞时代再讨论[C]//亚洲大陆深部地质作用与浅部地质-成矿响应学术研讨会论文摘要(集).2008年8月(乌鲁木齐).Geng Quanru,et al.Re-discussion on the collision epoch between India and Asia[C]//Abstracts of contributions to the Symposium on the Deep Geological Action and Shallow Geological-Metallogenic Response in Asian Continent held in Urumqi in August2008.
[3]朱介寿,等.中国华南及东海地区岩石圈三维结构及演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.Zhu Jieshou,et al.The 3-D Structure of Evolution of the Lithosphere in South China and the East Sea Area[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005(in Chinese).
[4]邓晋福,等.中国华北地区岩石圈三维结构及演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.Deng Jinfu,et al.The 3-D Structure of Evolution of the lithosphere in North China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007(in Chinese).
[5]袁学诚.再论岩石圈地幔蘑菇云构造及其深部成因[J].中国地质2007,34(5):737-758.Yuan Xuecheng.Mushroom strcture of the lithospheric mantle and its genesis at depth revisited[J].Geology in China,2007,34(5):737-758(in Chinese with English abstact).
[6]陈廷愚,耿树方,陈炳蔚,等.1:250万亚洲中部及邻区非能源矿产成矿规律图.俄罗斯全俄地质研究所,2008.Chen Tingyu,Geng Shufang,Chen Bingwei,et al.Metallogenic Regularity Map of Nonenergy Resources in Central Asia and Neighboring Areas(1:2500000),All-Russia Institute of Geology,2008.
[7]耿树方,易龙荣,范本贤,等.1:250万亚洲中部及邻区能源矿产成矿规律图[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.Geng Shufang,Yi Longrong,Fan Benxian,et al.Metallogenic Regularity Map of Energy Resources in Central Asia and Neighboring Areas(1:2500000)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
[2]耿全如,等.印度与亚洲碰撞时代再讨论[C]//亚洲大陆深部地质作用与浅部地质-成矿响应学术研讨会论文摘要(集).2008年8月(乌鲁木齐).Geng Quanru,et al.Re-discussion on the collision epoch between India and Asia[C]//Abstracts of contributions to the Symposium on the Deep Geological Action and Shallow Geological-Metallogenic Response in Asian Continent held in Urumqi in August2008.
[3]朱介寿,等.中国华南及东海地区岩石圈三维结构及演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.Zhu Jieshou,et al.The 3-D Structure of Evolution of the Lithosphere in South China and the East Sea Area[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005(in Chinese).
[4]邓晋福,等.中国华北地区岩石圈三维结构及演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.Deng Jinfu,et al.The 3-D Structure of Evolution of the lithosphere in North China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007(in Chinese).
[5]袁学诚.再论岩石圈地幔蘑菇云构造及其深部成因[J].中国地质2007,34(5):737-758.Yuan Xuecheng.Mushroom strcture of the lithospheric mantle and its genesis at depth revisited[J].Geology in China,2007,34(5):737-758(in Chinese with English abstact).
[6]陈廷愚,耿树方,陈炳蔚,等.1:250万亚洲中部及邻区非能源矿产成矿规律图.俄罗斯全俄地质研究所,2008.Chen Tingyu,Geng Shufang,Chen Bingwei,et al.Metallogenic Regularity Map of Nonenergy Resources in Central Asia and Neighboring Areas(1:2500000),All-Russia Institute of Geology,2008.
[7]耿树方,易龙荣,范本贤,等.1:250万亚洲中部及邻区能源矿产成矿规律图[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.Geng Shufang,Yi Longrong,Fan Benxian,et al.Metallogenic Regularity Map of Energy Resources in Central Asia and Neighboring Areas(1:2500000)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心