南海北部东沙海底冲蚀河谷及其成因探讨
摘要
对覆盖南海北部东沙区的50多条多道地震剖面进行了解释.通过剖面解释,发现东沙隆起后,南海北部海底地形发生了较大变化.这其中包括东沙岛在陆架坡折处的隆起,以及沉积地层以较大的幅度向上翘起.向上翘起的地层在很大的范围内遭受海底剥蚀.在东沙隆起区的北侧,海底发育下切沟.本文解释为现代海底在更强烈的剥蚀条件下形成的海底冲蚀地形,称为海底冲蚀沟.海底冲蚀沟分布于东沙岛的北侧,大致与陆架坡折线,以及600m等深线相平行,其宽度一般在20km左右,NE-SW向长度可达200km,本文称为东沙海底冲蚀河谷.无论是冬季还是夏季,东沙岛以北的吕宋海峡都有黑潮分支从太平洋贯入南海.这一黑潮分支在冬季演化为太平洋-印度洋贯通流,在夏季演化为吕宋海峡次表层流.东沙海底冲蚀谷的分布与太平洋-印度洋贯通流,以及吕宋海峡次表层流的位置完全一致.本文认为,黑潮分支在遇到南海北部陆坡的阻挡后,黑潮水体由陆坡向陆架堆积,并因水深变浅,水体通过空间变小而使流速加大,从而有能力对海底产生剥蚀.东沙区海底地层的剥蚀,以及东沙海底冲蚀谷的发育都是黑潮分支在东沙陆架区形成的强底流和海底长期耦合作用的结果.
引文
1冯文科,黎维峰.南海北部海底沙波地貌.热带海洋,1994,13:39-46
2 Wang P X.Response of Western Pacific marginal seas to glacial cycles:Paleoceanographic and sedimentological features.Mar Geol,1999, 156:5-39
3彭学超,吴庐山,崔兆国,等.南海东沙群岛以北海底沙波稳定性分析.热带海洋学报,2006,25:21-27
4栾锡武,彭学超,王英民,等.南海北部陆架海底沙波基本特征及属性.地质学报,2009,83:1823-1835
5邱章,方文东.南海北部春季海流的垂向变化.热带海洋,1999,18:32-39
6邵磊,李学杰,乔培军,等.南海北部深水底流沉积作用.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37:771-777
7 Wang P X,Prell W L,Blum P,et al.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Initial Reports South China Sea,V184.College Station TX (Ocean Drilling Program),2000.18-20
8邵磊,李献华,韦刚健,等.南海陆坡高速堆积体的物质来源.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31:828-833
9陈芳,苏新,Nurnberg D,等.南海东沙海域末次冰期以来的沉积特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26:9-17
10徐国强,吕炳全,王红罡.新生代南海北部碳酸岩盐台地的淹没事件研究.同济大学学报,2002,30:35-40
11 Luedmann T,Wong H K,Berglar K.Upward flow of North Pacific Deep Water in the northern South China Sea as deduced from the occurrence of drift sediments.Geophys Res Lett,2005,32:L05614,doi:10.1029/2004GL021967
12 Luedmann T,Wong H K,Wang P X.Plio-Quaternary sedimentation processes and neotectonics of the northern continenta1 margin of the South China Sea.Mar Geo1,2001,172:331-358
13钟广法,李前裕,郝沪军,等.深水沉积物波及其在南海研究之现状.地球科学进展,2007,22:907-913
14 Liu Z F,Tuo S,Colin C,et al.Detrital fine-grained sediment contribution from Taiwan to the northern South China Sea and its relation to regional ocean circulation.Mar Geol,2008,255,doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.003
15刘宝林,王亚平,王吉中,等.南海北部陆坡海洋沉积物稀土元素及物源和成岩环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24:18-23
16栾锡武,彭学超,邱燕.南海北部陆坡高速堆积体的构造成因.现代地质,2009,23:183-199
17姚伯初,万玲,曾维军,等.中国南海海域岩石圈三围结构及演化.北京:地质出版社,2006
18汪品先,等.十五万年来的南海.上海:同济大学出版社,1995.1-14
19 Milliman J D,Meade R H.World wide delivery of river sediment to the ocean.J Geol,1983,91:1-21
20 Zhang X Y,Zhang F Y,Zhang W Y.Regional variation of 87Sr/86Sr ratio and compositions of the surface sediment in the eastern South China Sea.Acta Oceanol Sin,2003,25:43-49
21 Liu B L,Wang Y P,Wang J Z,et al.Geochemical characters of REE in the seafloor sediment in northern continental slope of the South China Sea and analysis of source of material and diagenesis environment.Mar Geol Quat Geol,2004,24:17-23
22 Stigter H C de,Boer W,Mendes P A J,et al.Recent sediment transport and deposition in the Nazare Canyon,Portuguese continental margin. Mar Geol,2007,246:144-164
23金元欢,沈焕庭.科氏力对河口分叉的影响.海洋科学,1993,4:52-56
24李国英.黄河河势演变中科氏力的作用.水利学报,2007,38:1409-1413
25 Su J L.Circulation dynamics of the China seas north of 18°N.In:Robinson A R,Brink K H,eds.The Sea,Vo1.II.New York:Wiley& Sons Inc,1998.483-505
26 Fang G,Wang Y G,Wei Z X,et al.Interocean circulation and heat and freshwater budgets of the South China Sea based on a numerical model.Dynam Atmos Oceans,2009,47:55-72
27 Tian J W,Yang Q X,Liang X F.Observation of Luzon Strait transport.Geophys Res Lett,2006,33:L19607,doi:10.1029/2006GL026272
28 Fang G,Fang W,Fang Y.A survey of studies on the South China Sea upper ocean circulation.Acta Oceanogr Taiwan,1998,37:1-16
29 Wang D,Zhou F,Li Y.Annual cycle of sea surface temperature and sea surface heat budget.Acta Oceanol Sin,1997,19:35-44
30 Qu T D.Evidence for water exchange between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean through the Luzon Strait.Acta Oceanol Sin,2002,21:175-185
31陈兆云,张振昌,江毓武,等.Argos浮标及模型反演吕宋海峡区域流场季节变化特征.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2009,48: 719-724
32鲍献文,鞠霞,吴德星.吕宋海峡120°E断面水交换特征.中国海洋大学学报,2009,39:1-6
33李立,吴日升,郭小刚.南海的季节环流——TOPEX/POSEIDON卫星测高应用研究.海洋学报,2000,22:13-25
34郭忠信,方文东.1985年9月的吕宋海峡黑潮及其输送.热带海洋,1988,7:13-19
2 Wang P X.Response of Western Pacific marginal seas to glacial cycles:Paleoceanographic and sedimentological features.Mar Geol,1999, 156:5-39
3彭学超,吴庐山,崔兆国,等.南海东沙群岛以北海底沙波稳定性分析.热带海洋学报,2006,25:21-27
4栾锡武,彭学超,王英民,等.南海北部陆架海底沙波基本特征及属性.地质学报,2009,83:1823-1835
5邱章,方文东.南海北部春季海流的垂向变化.热带海洋,1999,18:32-39
6邵磊,李学杰,乔培军,等.南海北部深水底流沉积作用.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37:771-777
7 Wang P X,Prell W L,Blum P,et al.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Initial Reports South China Sea,V184.College Station TX (Ocean Drilling Program),2000.18-20
8邵磊,李献华,韦刚健,等.南海陆坡高速堆积体的物质来源.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31:828-833
9陈芳,苏新,Nurnberg D,等.南海东沙海域末次冰期以来的沉积特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26:9-17
10徐国强,吕炳全,王红罡.新生代南海北部碳酸岩盐台地的淹没事件研究.同济大学学报,2002,30:35-40
11 Luedmann T,Wong H K,Berglar K.Upward flow of North Pacific Deep Water in the northern South China Sea as deduced from the occurrence of drift sediments.Geophys Res Lett,2005,32:L05614,doi:10.1029/2004GL021967
12 Luedmann T,Wong H K,Wang P X.Plio-Quaternary sedimentation processes and neotectonics of the northern continenta1 margin of the South China Sea.Mar Geo1,2001,172:331-358
13钟广法,李前裕,郝沪军,等.深水沉积物波及其在南海研究之现状.地球科学进展,2007,22:907-913
14 Liu Z F,Tuo S,Colin C,et al.Detrital fine-grained sediment contribution from Taiwan to the northern South China Sea and its relation to regional ocean circulation.Mar Geol,2008,255,doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.003
15刘宝林,王亚平,王吉中,等.南海北部陆坡海洋沉积物稀土元素及物源和成岩环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24:18-23
16栾锡武,彭学超,邱燕.南海北部陆坡高速堆积体的构造成因.现代地质,2009,23:183-199
17姚伯初,万玲,曾维军,等.中国南海海域岩石圈三围结构及演化.北京:地质出版社,2006
18汪品先,等.十五万年来的南海.上海:同济大学出版社,1995.1-14
19 Milliman J D,Meade R H.World wide delivery of river sediment to the ocean.J Geol,1983,91:1-21
20 Zhang X Y,Zhang F Y,Zhang W Y.Regional variation of 87Sr/86Sr ratio and compositions of the surface sediment in the eastern South China Sea.Acta Oceanol Sin,2003,25:43-49
21 Liu B L,Wang Y P,Wang J Z,et al.Geochemical characters of REE in the seafloor sediment in northern continental slope of the South China Sea and analysis of source of material and diagenesis environment.Mar Geol Quat Geol,2004,24:17-23
22 Stigter H C de,Boer W,Mendes P A J,et al.Recent sediment transport and deposition in the Nazare Canyon,Portuguese continental margin. Mar Geol,2007,246:144-164
23金元欢,沈焕庭.科氏力对河口分叉的影响.海洋科学,1993,4:52-56
24李国英.黄河河势演变中科氏力的作用.水利学报,2007,38:1409-1413
25 Su J L.Circulation dynamics of the China seas north of 18°N.In:Robinson A R,Brink K H,eds.The Sea,Vo1.II.New York:Wiley& Sons Inc,1998.483-505
26 Fang G,Wang Y G,Wei Z X,et al.Interocean circulation and heat and freshwater budgets of the South China Sea based on a numerical model.Dynam Atmos Oceans,2009,47:55-72
27 Tian J W,Yang Q X,Liang X F.Observation of Luzon Strait transport.Geophys Res Lett,2006,33:L19607,doi:10.1029/2006GL026272
28 Fang G,Fang W,Fang Y.A survey of studies on the South China Sea upper ocean circulation.Acta Oceanogr Taiwan,1998,37:1-16
29 Wang D,Zhou F,Li Y.Annual cycle of sea surface temperature and sea surface heat budget.Acta Oceanol Sin,1997,19:35-44
30 Qu T D.Evidence for water exchange between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean through the Luzon Strait.Acta Oceanol Sin,2002,21:175-185
31陈兆云,张振昌,江毓武,等.Argos浮标及模型反演吕宋海峡区域流场季节变化特征.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2009,48: 719-724
32鲍献文,鞠霞,吴德星.吕宋海峡120°E断面水交换特征.中国海洋大学学报,2009,39:1-6
33李立,吴日升,郭小刚.南海的季节环流——TOPEX/POSEIDON卫星测高应用研究.海洋学报,2000,22:13-25
34郭忠信,方文东.1985年9月的吕宋海峡黑潮及其输送.热带海洋,1988,7:13-19
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