华北地区410km间断面和660km间断面结构——克拉通活化的地幔动力学状态探测
摘要
地幔过渡带间断面的形态能够提供地幔动力学状态的重要信息.本文利用密集流动台阵观测获得的地震波形记录,采用高分辨的地壳-上地幔速度结构成像结果作为接收函数共转换点叠加的速度模型,获得了华北克拉通地区地幔过渡带410km间断面和660km间断面深度的空间分布.结果揭示华北克拉通410km间断面和660km间断面结构的空间变化显著,存在多处间断面深度异常.地幔过渡带的结构特征以南北重力梯度带为界分为东西两部分;410km间断面变深(420～430km)的区域主要分布在华北克拉通东部,660km间断面变浅(642～655km)的区域出现在华北克拉通西北部;在华北克拉通东南部,660km间断面显著加深.本文分析认为,停滞在地幔过渡带的太平洋俯冲板块、厚度剧烈变化的克拉通岩石圈以及它们与周围地幔的相互作用,导致华北克拉通下存在活跃的地幔流动体系,造成过渡带间断面形态的高度不均匀.本文推测了两种可能的地幔过程:在克拉通根厚度显著变化的区域发生减压熔融,或者边界驱动的对流引起地幔物质沿着厚的克拉通根向上流动;或者是停滞在地幔过渡带的俯冲板块部分沉入下地幔,同时导致被排出的下地幔物质上升.
引文
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34Niu Y L.Generation and evolution of basaltic magmas:Some basic concepts and a new view on the origin of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in eastern China.Geol J China Univ,2005,11:9-46
2Birch F.Elasticity and constitution of the Earth’s interior.J Geophys Res,1952,57:227-286
3Ringwood A E.Composition and Petrology of the Earth’s Mantle.New York:McGraw-Hill,1975.618
4Katsura T,Ito E.The system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4at high pressures and temperatures:Precise determination of stabilities of olivine,modified spinel,and spinel.J Geophys Res,1989,94:15663-15670
5Bina C R,Helffrich G R.Phase transition Clapeyron slopes and transition zone seismic discontinuity topography.J Geophys Res,1994,99:15853-15860
6Stixrude L.Structure and sharpness of phase transitions and mantle discontinuities.J Geophys Res,1997,102:14835-14852
7Revenaugh J,Jordan T H.Mantle layering from ScS reverberations:2.The transition zone.J Geophys Res,1991,96(B12):19763-19780
8Gu Y J,Dziewonski A M.Global variability of transition zone thickness.J Geophys Res,2002,107,doi:10.1029/2001JB000489
9Ai Y S,Zheng T Y.The upper mantle discontinuity structure beneath eastern China.Geophys Res Lett,2003,30:2089,doi:10.1029/2003GL017678
10Ozacar A A,Gilbert H,Zandt G.Upper mantle discontinuity structure beneath East Anatolian Plateau(Turkey)from receiver functions.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2008,281:426-434
11Lawrence J F,Shearer P M.Imaging mantle transition zone thickness with SdS-SS finite-frequency sensitivity kernels.Geophys J Int,2008,174:143-158
12Chen L,Ai Y S.Discontinuity structure of the mantle transition zone beneath the North China Craton from receiver function migration.J Geophys Res,2009,114:B06307,doi:10.1029/2008JB006221
13Li X Q,Kind R,Yuan X H.Seismic study of upper mantle and transition zone beneath hotspots.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2003,136:79-92
14Schmerr N,Garnero E J.Upper mantle discontinuity topography from thermal and chemical heterogeneity.Science,2007,318:623-626
15Bercovici D,Karato S I.Whole-mantle convection and the transition-zone water filter.Nature,2003,425:39-44
16Meier U,Trampert J,Curtis A.Global variations of temperature and water content in the mantle transition zone from higher mode surface waves.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2009,282:91-101
17Leahy G M.Local variability in the410-km mantle discontinuity under a hotspot.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2009,288:158-163
18朱日祥,郑天愉.华北克拉通破坏机制与古元古代板块构造体系.科学通报,2009,54:1950-1961
19Huang J L,Zhao D P.High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions.J Geophys Res,2006,111:B09305,doi:10.1029/2005JB004066
20Li C,Van der Hilst R D,Nafi Toksǒz M.Constraining P-wave velocity variations in the upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2006,154:180-195
21Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T Y,et al.Reactivation of an Archean Craton:Constraints from P-and S-wave tomography in North China.Geophys Res Lett,2009,36:L17306,doi:10.1029/2009GL039781
22Tian Y,Zhao D P,Sun R M,et al.Seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle beneath the North China Craton.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2009,doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.09.002
23Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y,et al.Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacent regions.J Geophys Res,2003,108:2073,doi:10.1029/2001JB001696
24Zhu L P.Crustal structure across the San Andreas Fault,Southern California from teleseismic converted waves.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2000,179:183-190
25吴庆举,曾融生.用宽频带远震接收函数研究青藏高原的地壳结构.地球物理学报,1998,41:669-679
26Zheng T Y,Chen L,Zhao L,et al.Crust-mantle structure difference across the gravity gradient zone in North China Craton,Seismic image of the thinned continental crust.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2006,159:43-58,doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2006.05.004
27Zheng T Y,Chen L,Zhao L,et al.Crustal structure across the Yanshan belt at the northern margin of the North China Craton.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2007,161:36-49,doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2007.01.004
28Zheng T Y,Zhao L,Xu W W,et al.Insight into modification of North China Craton from seismological study in the Shandong Province.Geophys Res Lett,2008,35:L22305,doi:10.1029/2008GL035661
29Zheng T Y,Zhao L,Zhu R X.New evidence from seismic imaging for subduction during assembly of the North China Craton.Geology,2009,37:395-398,doi:10.1130/G25600A.1
30高山,骆庭川,张本仁,等.中国东部地壳的结构和组成.中国科学D辑:地球科学,1999,29:204-213
31Kei H,Fei Y,Ma Y,et al.The fate of subducted basaltic crust in the Earth’s lower mantle.Nature,1999,397:53-56
32Arwen D,Redfern S A T,Chambers K,et al.The nature of the660-kilometer discontinuity in Earth’s mantle from global seismic observations of PP precursors.Science,2006,311,doi:10.1126/science.1120020
33Kind S D,Ritsema J.African hot spot volcanism:Small-scale convection in the upper mantle beneath cratons.Science,2000,290:1137-1140
34Niu Y L.Generation and evolution of basaltic magmas:Some basic concepts and a new view on the origin of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in eastern China.Geol J China Univ,2005,11:9-46
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