南海东北部下地壳高速层的成因探讨
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摘要
通过对南海北部大陆边缘地壳结构分析,指出南海东北部存在下地壳高速层,大致分布在112°E～120°E,19°N～22°N的陆坡和拉张程度大的陆架地区,呈NEE向延伸,在海底地震仪剖面上最大的厚度有8km,向南海海盆方向减薄。通过对比综合分析认为,高速层物质组成是底侵作用形成的熔岩垫,由于伸展作用,南海海底扩张(30Ma)前后底侵作用形成了熔岩垫,并促使南海北部大陆边缘地壳抬升,导致区域性抬升剥蚀。
Based on the study of the crustal structure,the authors point out that there exits a high velocity layer in the lower crust of northeast South China Sea,which distributes around continental shelf and rifted continental slope from 112°E～120°E,19°N～22°N in NEE strike.The high velocity layer can reach as thick as 8 km according to the OBS data,its thickness reduces from the continental shelf to the South China Sea ocean basin gradually.From multidisciplinary analysis,the high velocity layer in lower crust is interpreted as magmatic underplating.It emplaced almost simultaneous with the South China Sea spreading around 30Ma,and gave rise to crust uplifting and erosion of the study area.
Based on the study of the crustal structure,the authors point out that there exits a high velocity layer in the lower crust of northeast South China Sea,which distributes around continental shelf and rifted continental slope from 112°E～120°E,19°N～22°N in NEE strike.The high velocity layer can reach as thick as 8 km according to the OBS data,its thickness reduces from the continental shelf to the South China Sea ocean basin gradually.From multidisciplinary analysis,the high velocity layer in lower crust is interpreted as magmatic underplating.It emplaced almost simultaneous with the South China Sea spreading around 30Ma,and gave rise to crust uplifting and erosion of the study area.
引文
①赵俊峰．2006．南海东北部高磁带和磁静区地球物理场特征与南海构造演化的关系．同济大学博士论文．
②梁慧娴，李平鲁．1993．珠江口盆地新生代岩浆活动．珠江口盆地(东部)石油地质科研报告集(第七集)．208～234．
金振民，高山．1996．底侵作用(underplating)及其壳—幔演化动力学意义．地质科技情报，15(2)：1～7．
李平鲁，梁慧娴，戴一丁，林鹤鸣．1999．珠江口盆地燕山期岩浆岩的成因及构造环境．广东地质，14(1)：1～8。
李思田，杨甲明．1998．关于南海及其边缘盆地形成的地球动力学背景的讨论．见：龚再升，等．著．南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集．北京：科学出版社，122～126．
丘学林，吴世敏，施小斌，阎贫．2003．南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展．自然科学进展，18(3)：231～236．
宋海斌，郝天珧，江为为．1998．南海北部张裂边缘的类型及其形成机制．见；陈禺等．主编，寸丹集(庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集)．北京：科学出版社，74～81．
涂湘林，邹和平．1997．南海北部新生代火山岩微量元素与同位素体系特征研究．地球学报，18(增刊)，34～36．
王培宗．陈耀安，曹宝庭，潘金滇，王长炎．1993．福建省地壳—上地幔结构及深部构造背景的研究．福建地质，12(2)：79～156．
吴世敏，周蒂，丘学林．2001．南海北部大陆边缘的构造属性问题．高校地质学报，7(4)：419～426．
吴世敏，丘学林，周蒂．2005．南海西缘新生代沉积盆地形成动力学探讨．大地构造与成矿，299(3)：346～353．
姚伯初，曾维军，陈艺中，张锡林．1995．南海北部大陆边缘东部中生代的地震反射特征．海洋地质与第四系地质，15(1)：81～89．
姚伯初．1998．南海北部陆缘的地壳结构及构造意义．海洋地质与第四系地质，18(2)：1～16．
张瑞生，路凤香，郑建平，储玲林．2003．地球内部主要圈层相互作用研究的若干进展．世界地质，22(3)：237～245．
赵明辉，丘学林，叶春明，王天楷，王平，张毅详，夏戡原，李昭兴．2004．南海东北部海陆地震联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析．地球物理学报，47(5)：845～852．
周蒂，王万银，庞雄，王家林，蔡东升，孙珍．2006．地球物理资料所揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带．中国科学(D辑)，36(3)；209～218．
邹和平，李平鲁，饶春涛．1995．珠江口盆地新生代火山岩地球化学特征及其动力学意义．地球化学，24(增刊)：33～45．
Alasdair D L,Skelton,John W,Valley.2000.The relative timing of serpentinisation and mantle exhumation at the ocean-- continent transition,Iberia:constraints from oxygen isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,178:327～338.
Aya Kamimura,Junzo Kasahara,Masanao Shinohara,Ryota Hino, Hajime Shiobara,Gou Fujie,Toshihiko Kanazawa.2002. Crustal structure study at the Izu--Bonin subduction zone around 31 N:implications of serpentinized materials along the subduction plate boundary.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,132:105～129.
Briais A,Patriat Ph,Tapponnier P.1993.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:implication for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia.J.Geophys.Res.,98(84):6299～6328.
Chian D,Louden K E,Minshull T A and Whitmarsh R B.1999. Deep structure of the ocean--continent transition in the southern Iberia Abyssal Plain from seismic refraction profiles.. Ocean Drilling Program (Legs 149 and 173) transect. J. Geophys.Res.,104:7443～7462.
Flower M,Tamaki K,Hoang N.1998.Mantle extrusion;a model for dispersed volcanism and DUPAL-[ike asthenosphere in East Asia and the western Pacific.In:Mantle Dynamics and Plate interaction in East Asia.AGU Geodynamics Seris,27:67～88.
Hamilton W.1979.Tectonics of the Indonesian region,Geological Survey Paper,Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office,1087:1～345.
Holloway N H.1982.The north Palawan block,Philippines:its relation to the Asian mainland and its role in the evolution of the South China Sea.Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,66 (9): 1355～1388.
Kim Hanjoon,Jou Hyeongtae,Cho Hyunmoo.2003.Crustal structure of the continental margin of Korea in the East Sea (Japan Sea) from deep seismic sounding data:evidence for hotter than normal mantle.Tectonophysics,364:25～42.
Kasahara J,Kamimura A,Fujie G and Hino R.2001.Influence of water on earthquake generation along subduction zone.Bull. Earthquake Res.Inst.,University of Tokyo,76:289～301.
Lin A T,Watts A B and S P Hesselbo.2003.Cenozoic stratigraphy and subsidence history of the South China Sea margin in the Taiwan region.Basin Research,15:453～478.
Mutter J C,Talwani M and Stoffa P L.1984.Evidence for a thick ocean crust adjacent to the Norwegian margin.J.Geophys. Res,89:483～502.
Nissen S S,Hayes D E,Buhl P,Diebold J,Yao B C,Zeng W J, Chen Y Q.1995.Deep penetration seismic sounding across the northern margin of the South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research 100(B11):22407～22433.
Peter Clift,Jian Lin,Udo Barckhausen.2002.Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up in the south China sea.marine and petroleum geology,19:951～970.
Raum T,Mjelde R,Digrans P,Shimamura H,Shiobara H, Kodaira S,Haatcedt G,S renes N,Thorbj rnsen T.2002. Crustal structure of the southern part of the Voring Basin mid- Norway margin,from wide-angle seismic and gravity data. Tectonophysics,355(2002):99～126.
Ren S,Skogseid J and Eldholm O.1998.Late Cretaceous-- Paleocene extension on the Voring Volcanic Margin. Mar. Geophys.Res.,20:343～369.
Rolf Mjilde,Junzo Kasahara,Hideki Shimamura,Aya Kamimura, Toshihiko Kananzawa.2002.Lower crustal seismic veolocity- anomalies,magmatic underplating or serpentinzed peridotite? Evidence from the Voring Margin,NE Atlantic.Marine Geophysical Research,23:169～183.
Russell,S M,Whitmarsh R B.2003.Magmatism at the west Iberia non-volcanic rifted continental margin:evidence from analyses of magnetic anomalies.Geophysical journal International,154 .- 706～730
Shi Xiaobin,Ebgenii Burov,Sylvie Leroy,Qiu Xuelin,Xia Bin. 2005.Intrusion and its implication for subsidence:A case from the Baiyun sag,on the northern margin of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics,407:117～134.
Skogseid J,Planke S,Faleide J I,Pedersen T,Eldholm O and Neverdal F.2000.NE Atlantic continental rifting and volcanic margin formation.In:N ttvedt A.ed.Dynamics of the Norwegian Margin.Geological Society Special Publication, 167,The Geological Society,London,295～326.
Taylor B and Hayes D E.1980.The tectonic evolution of south China Basin.In:Hayes D E.ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands.Am.Geophys. Union.Geophs.Monogr.,23:89～104.
Taylor B,Hayes D E.1983.Origin and history of the South China Sea.In:Hayes D.E.ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Island. Am.Geophys.Union. Geophs.Monogr.,27:23～56.
Wang Tan K.,Chen Mingkai,Lee Chao-shing,Xia Kanyuan. 2006.Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics, 412:237～254.
Watts A B.2001.Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,285～338.
Whitmarsh R B,White R S,Horsefield SJ,Sibuet J C,Recq M and Louvel V.1996.The ocean--continent boundary of the western continental margin of Iberia:Crustal structure west of Galicia Bank..I.Geophys.Res.101:28291～28314.
Yan Pin,Zhou Di,Liu Zhaoshu.2001.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics,338:1～21.
Yan Pin,Deng Hui,Liu Hailing,Zhang Zhirong,Jiang Yukun. 2006.The temporal and spacial distribution of volcanism in the South China Sea region.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,27: 647～659.
Yukari Kido,Kiyoshi Suyoshi Suyehiro,Hajimu Kinoshita.2001. Rifting to Spreading Process along the Northern Continental Margin of the South China Sea.Marine Geophysical Researches,22:1～15.
Zhai Mingguo,Fan Qicheng,Zhang Hongfu,Sui Jianli,Shao Ji'an. 2007.Lower crustal process leading to Mesozoic lithospheric thinning beneath eastern North China:Underplating, replacement and delamination.Lithos,96:36～54.
Zhou Di,Ru Ke,Chen Hanzong.1995.Kinematics of Cenozoic extension on the South China Sea continental margin and its implication for the tectonic evolution of the region. Tectonophysics,251:161～177.
②梁慧娴，李平鲁．1993．珠江口盆地新生代岩浆活动．珠江口盆地(东部)石油地质科研报告集(第七集)．208～234．
金振民，高山．1996．底侵作用(underplating)及其壳—幔演化动力学意义．地质科技情报，15(2)：1～7．
李平鲁，梁慧娴，戴一丁，林鹤鸣．1999．珠江口盆地燕山期岩浆岩的成因及构造环境．广东地质，14(1)：1～8。
李思田，杨甲明．1998．关于南海及其边缘盆地形成的地球动力学背景的讨论．见：龚再升，等．著．南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集．北京：科学出版社，122～126．
丘学林，吴世敏，施小斌，阎贫．2003．南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展．自然科学进展，18(3)：231～236．
宋海斌，郝天珧，江为为．1998．南海北部张裂边缘的类型及其形成机制．见；陈禺等．主编，寸丹集(庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集)．北京：科学出版社，74～81．
涂湘林，邹和平．1997．南海北部新生代火山岩微量元素与同位素体系特征研究．地球学报，18(增刊)，34～36．
王培宗．陈耀安，曹宝庭，潘金滇，王长炎．1993．福建省地壳—上地幔结构及深部构造背景的研究．福建地质，12(2)：79～156．
吴世敏，周蒂，丘学林．2001．南海北部大陆边缘的构造属性问题．高校地质学报，7(4)：419～426．
吴世敏，丘学林，周蒂．2005．南海西缘新生代沉积盆地形成动力学探讨．大地构造与成矿，299(3)：346～353．
姚伯初，曾维军，陈艺中，张锡林．1995．南海北部大陆边缘东部中生代的地震反射特征．海洋地质与第四系地质，15(1)：81～89．
姚伯初．1998．南海北部陆缘的地壳结构及构造意义．海洋地质与第四系地质，18(2)：1～16．
张瑞生，路凤香，郑建平，储玲林．2003．地球内部主要圈层相互作用研究的若干进展．世界地质，22(3)：237～245．
赵明辉，丘学林，叶春明，王天楷，王平，张毅详，夏戡原，李昭兴．2004．南海东北部海陆地震联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析．地球物理学报，47(5)：845～852．
周蒂，王万银，庞雄，王家林，蔡东升，孙珍．2006．地球物理资料所揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带．中国科学(D辑)，36(3)；209～218．
邹和平，李平鲁，饶春涛．1995．珠江口盆地新生代火山岩地球化学特征及其动力学意义．地球化学，24(增刊)：33～45．
Alasdair D L,Skelton,John W,Valley.2000.The relative timing of serpentinisation and mantle exhumation at the ocean-- continent transition,Iberia:constraints from oxygen isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,178:327～338.
Aya Kamimura,Junzo Kasahara,Masanao Shinohara,Ryota Hino, Hajime Shiobara,Gou Fujie,Toshihiko Kanazawa.2002. Crustal structure study at the Izu--Bonin subduction zone around 31 N:implications of serpentinized materials along the subduction plate boundary.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,132:105～129.
Briais A,Patriat Ph,Tapponnier P.1993.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:implication for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia.J.Geophys.Res.,98(84):6299～6328.
Chian D,Louden K E,Minshull T A and Whitmarsh R B.1999. Deep structure of the ocean--continent transition in the southern Iberia Abyssal Plain from seismic refraction profiles.. Ocean Drilling Program (Legs 149 and 173) transect. J. Geophys.Res.,104:7443～7462.
Flower M,Tamaki K,Hoang N.1998.Mantle extrusion;a model for dispersed volcanism and DUPAL-[ike asthenosphere in East Asia and the western Pacific.In:Mantle Dynamics and Plate interaction in East Asia.AGU Geodynamics Seris,27:67～88.
Hamilton W.1979.Tectonics of the Indonesian region,Geological Survey Paper,Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office,1087:1～345.
Holloway N H.1982.The north Palawan block,Philippines:its relation to the Asian mainland and its role in the evolution of the South China Sea.Am.Assoc.Petrol.Geol.Bull.,66 (9): 1355～1388.
Kim Hanjoon,Jou Hyeongtae,Cho Hyunmoo.2003.Crustal structure of the continental margin of Korea in the East Sea (Japan Sea) from deep seismic sounding data:evidence for hotter than normal mantle.Tectonophysics,364:25～42.
Kasahara J,Kamimura A,Fujie G and Hino R.2001.Influence of water on earthquake generation along subduction zone.Bull. Earthquake Res.Inst.,University of Tokyo,76:289～301.
Lin A T,Watts A B and S P Hesselbo.2003.Cenozoic stratigraphy and subsidence history of the South China Sea margin in the Taiwan region.Basin Research,15:453～478.
Mutter J C,Talwani M and Stoffa P L.1984.Evidence for a thick ocean crust adjacent to the Norwegian margin.J.Geophys. Res,89:483～502.
Nissen S S,Hayes D E,Buhl P,Diebold J,Yao B C,Zeng W J, Chen Y Q.1995.Deep penetration seismic sounding across the northern margin of the South China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research 100(B11):22407～22433.
Peter Clift,Jian Lin,Udo Barckhausen.2002.Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up in the south China sea.marine and petroleum geology,19:951～970.
Raum T,Mjelde R,Digrans P,Shimamura H,Shiobara H, Kodaira S,Haatcedt G,S renes N,Thorbj rnsen T.2002. Crustal structure of the southern part of the Voring Basin mid- Norway margin,from wide-angle seismic and gravity data. Tectonophysics,355(2002):99～126.
Ren S,Skogseid J and Eldholm O.1998.Late Cretaceous-- Paleocene extension on the Voring Volcanic Margin. Mar. Geophys.Res.,20:343～369.
Rolf Mjilde,Junzo Kasahara,Hideki Shimamura,Aya Kamimura, Toshihiko Kananzawa.2002.Lower crustal seismic veolocity- anomalies,magmatic underplating or serpentinzed peridotite? Evidence from the Voring Margin,NE Atlantic.Marine Geophysical Research,23:169～183.
Russell,S M,Whitmarsh R B.2003.Magmatism at the west Iberia non-volcanic rifted continental margin:evidence from analyses of magnetic anomalies.Geophysical journal International,154 .- 706～730
Shi Xiaobin,Ebgenii Burov,Sylvie Leroy,Qiu Xuelin,Xia Bin. 2005.Intrusion and its implication for subsidence:A case from the Baiyun sag,on the northern margin of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics,407:117～134.
Skogseid J,Planke S,Faleide J I,Pedersen T,Eldholm O and Neverdal F.2000.NE Atlantic continental rifting and volcanic margin formation.In:N ttvedt A.ed.Dynamics of the Norwegian Margin.Geological Society Special Publication, 167,The Geological Society,London,295～326.
Taylor B and Hayes D E.1980.The tectonic evolution of south China Basin.In:Hayes D E.ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands.Am.Geophys. Union.Geophs.Monogr.,23:89～104.
Taylor B,Hayes D E.1983.Origin and history of the South China Sea.In:Hayes D.E.ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Island. Am.Geophys.Union. Geophs.Monogr.,27:23～56.
Wang Tan K.,Chen Mingkai,Lee Chao-shing,Xia Kanyuan. 2006.Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics, 412:237～254.
Watts A B.2001.Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,285～338.
Whitmarsh R B,White R S,Horsefield SJ,Sibuet J C,Recq M and Louvel V.1996.The ocean--continent boundary of the western continental margin of Iberia:Crustal structure west of Galicia Bank..I.Geophys.Res.101:28291～28314.
Yan Pin,Zhou Di,Liu Zhaoshu.2001.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics,338:1～21.
Yan Pin,Deng Hui,Liu Hailing,Zhang Zhirong,Jiang Yukun. 2006.The temporal and spacial distribution of volcanism in the South China Sea region.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,27: 647～659.
Yukari Kido,Kiyoshi Suyoshi Suyehiro,Hajimu Kinoshita.2001. Rifting to Spreading Process along the Northern Continental Margin of the South China Sea.Marine Geophysical Researches,22:1～15.
Zhai Mingguo,Fan Qicheng,Zhang Hongfu,Sui Jianli,Shao Ji'an. 2007.Lower crustal process leading to Mesozoic lithospheric thinning beneath eastern North China:Underplating, replacement and delamination.Lithos,96:36～54.
Zhou Di,Ru Ke,Chen Hanzong.1995.Kinematics of Cenozoic extension on the South China Sea continental margin and its implication for the tectonic evolution of the region. Tectonophysics,251:161～177.
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