山体滑坡泥石流的地震力算法与防治
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摘要
近来山体滑坡泥石流地质灾害频繁,而且与地震和降雨密切相关。因此提出常规地震力计算的一个改进算法,即在考虑地震加速度惯性力的同时再补充一项地震波持续振动产生的超静渗透力,它将减轻土体的有效重,更加容易滑坡。对于风化带乱石土层山坡,以平行坡面的直线滑动面为例,分别推导了下雨浸水饱和与非饱和情况下的浅层滑坡计算公式。经过比较不同坡比、地震加速度和超静渗透力的计算结果,常规计算不考虑超静渗透力时,抗滑安全系数会有高达25%的误差;当山坡下雨浸水饱和时,安全系数再减半,更易滑坡,在降雨迳流下必然形成泥石流。提出了几项防治措施,并介绍防治成功的工程实例。
Recently the geologic disasters of landslides with debris flows frequently occur and closely relate to earthquakes and rain storms.Thus it is desired to propose a modified calculation method for seismic force.That is,besides the original consideration of the inertia force of earthquake acceleration,another term of the excess seepage force due to the successive vibration of earthquake waves should be added for it can reduce the effective weight of soil mass and make slope easily slide.An example of an infinite landslide with a parallel straight line plane on the weathered mountain slope is calculated.The formulas for shallow slide under rainy saturated and unsaturated conditions are derived respectively.By comparing the calculated results under different slope gradient earthquake accelerations and excess seepage forces,the calculated safety factor has an error of 25% if the excess seepage force is not considered,and it decreases further one half during slope rainy saturation.The sliding soil mass will induce debris flows under rainstorm run-off.Some measures to prevent landslides with successful illustration in engineering practice are proposed.
Recently the geologic disasters of landslides with debris flows frequently occur and closely relate to earthquakes and rain storms.Thus it is desired to propose a modified calculation method for seismic force.That is,besides the original consideration of the inertia force of earthquake acceleration,another term of the excess seepage force due to the successive vibration of earthquake waves should be added for it can reduce the effective weight of soil mass and make slope easily slide.An example of an infinite landslide with a parallel straight line plane on the weathered mountain slope is calculated.The formulas for shallow slide under rainy saturated and unsaturated conditions are derived respectively.By comparing the calculated results under different slope gradient earthquake accelerations and excess seepage forces,the calculated safety factor has an error of 25% if the excess seepage force is not considered,and it decreases further one half during slope rainy saturation.The sliding soil mass will induce debris flows under rainstorm run-off.Some measures to prevent landslides with successful illustration in engineering practice are proposed.
引文
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[2]毛昶熙,段祥宝,吴良骥.再论渗透力及其应用[J].长江科学院报,2009,26(增刊):1–5.(MAO Chang-xi,DUANXiang-bao,WU Liang-ji.Discussion again on seepage forcesand its application[J].Journal of Yangtze River ScientificResearch Institute,2009,26(S0):1–5.(in Chinese))
[3]毛昶熙,段祥宝,吴良骥.滑坡计算中的渗流问题[M]//第五届全国水利水电学术研讨会论文集.北京:原子能出版社,2005.(MAO Chang-xi,DUAN Xiang-bao,WU Liang-ji.Seepage of calculation in the analysis of slope stability[M]//Conference Proceedings of the Fifth National WaterResources and Hydropower,Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[4]ЧУгаев,Р.Р..Офильтрацинuьыхсuлях.ВНИИГ.Том63[M].1960.(ChuiKai,Onseepage force,about report 63[M].1960.(in Russian)
[5]駒田広也,金沢紀一.フィルダムの貯水池水位急降下時の非定常浸透流解析および安定解析[J].土木学会论文集,1975,240(8):51–62.(KOMADA H,KANAZAWA K.Analysis of unsateady seepage flow and stability of fill damsuder papid drawdown of the water surface level ofreservoirs[J].Proceedings of JSCE,1975,240(8):51–62.(inJapanese))
[6]李君纯.土石坝工程论文集[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2006.(LI Jun-chun.Thesis compilation of embankment damengineering[M].Nanjing:Hohai University Press,2006.(inChinese))
[7]顾淦臣,沈长松,岑威钧.土石坝地震工程学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.(GU Gan-chen,SHENChang-song,CHEN Wei-jun.Earthquake engineering forearthrock dams[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2009.(in Chinese))
[8]林皋.土石坝抗震发展现状与评述[M]//<岩土工程学报>创刊30周年纪念文集,南京:河海大学出版社,2009:118–129.(LIN Gao.Development status and review of earthdam seismic[M]//Journal of Geotechnical EngineeringEssays in Honor of 30th Anniversary,Nanjing:HohaiUniversity Press,2009:118–129.(in Chinese))
[9]LINDENBERG J,M de Groot.Overall geotechnical stabilityinvestigation[M]//Dikes and Revetments,chap.19.Rijkswaterstaat,Hydraulic Engineering Division,Delft.Rotterdam:A A Balkema,1998.
[10]崔芳鹏,殷跃平,许强,等.地震纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑响应研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1266–1273.(CUI Fang-peng,YIN Yue-ping,XU Qiang,et al.Collapsing and sliding response of slopes triggered by singleand combined action with time difference of P and S seismicwaves[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1266–1273.(in Chinese))
[11]曹振中,袁晓铭,陈龙伟,等.汶川大地震液化宏观现象概述[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):645–650.(CAOZhen-zhong,YUAN Xiao-ming,CHEN Long-wei1,et al.Summary of liquefaction macrophenomena in WenchuanEarthquake[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):645–650.(in Chinese))
[12]毛昶熙,段祥宝,汪自力,等.堤防工程手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.(MAO Chang-xi,DUANXiang-bao,WANG Zi-li,et al.Levee project manual[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2009.(in Chinese))
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