准噶尔盆地腹部超压层分布与油气成藏
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摘要
准噶尔盆地腹部普遍发育深层超压系统,超压段具有高声波时差、低电阻率以及低地震速度的响应特征。盆地腹部不同地区超压层分布的深度范围不同,其中盆1井西凹陷为4000～7000 m,东道海子北凹陷和昌吉凹陷东部为5000～9000 m,昌吉凹陷中部和西部为6000～10000 m。超压大多顺层分布,只是在各凹陷边缘以及凹陷内部的局部地区有穿层上拱现象。超压顶面分布的层位由北向南、从东到西逐渐变浅,即从三叠系顶部过渡到白垩系底部。准噶尔盆地腹部的超压为成岩压实后由晚期生气作用和封闭层围限共同作用形成的,油气主要分布在超压顶面附近。深层超压是油气运移的驱动力,超压层分布与深部次生孔隙发育带的形成密切相关,与超压配置的输导体系和储集空间对油气成藏有着重要的控制作用。
The deep zone overpressure system is commonly developed in the central part of Junggar Basin(deeper than 4000 meters). The analyses of drilling,geology,logging and seismic data of the overpressure section show that the overpressure zone is character- ized by the overpressure response of high acoustic travel time,low resistivity and low seismic velocity.The depth of overpressure strata in the central part of Junggar Basin differs in different sags.The western sag of Pen 1 Well has the depth from 4 kilometers to 7 kilometers,and the northern sag of Dongdaohaizi area and the east part of Changji Sag have the depth from 5 kilometers to 9 kilo- meters,and the center and west parts of Changji Sag have the depth from 6 kilometers to 10 kilometers.Most of the overpressure system were distributed along bed,and layer penetration could be found in the margin area and some local areas of the sag.The top of overpressure strata distribution are getting shallow from north to south and from east to west.Those strata transferred from the top of the Triassic to the bottom of the Cretaceous.As probably hydrocarbon-originated and post-diagenesis-stage overpressure in the central part of Junggar Basin,oil and gas were mainly accumulated around the top of overpressure strata.The deep overpressure was the driving force of hydrocarbon migration.The distribution of overpressure strata controlled the formation of secondary porosity zone and accumulation of hydrocarbon.
The deep zone overpressure system is commonly developed in the central part of Junggar Basin(deeper than 4000 meters). The analyses of drilling,geology,logging and seismic data of the overpressure section show that the overpressure zone is character- ized by the overpressure response of high acoustic travel time,low resistivity and low seismic velocity.The depth of overpressure strata in the central part of Junggar Basin differs in different sags.The western sag of Pen 1 Well has the depth from 4 kilometers to 7 kilometers,and the northern sag of Dongdaohaizi area and the east part of Changji Sag have the depth from 5 kilometers to 9 kilo- meters,and the center and west parts of Changji Sag have the depth from 6 kilometers to 10 kilometers.Most of the overpressure system were distributed along bed,and layer penetration could be found in the margin area and some local areas of the sag.The top of overpressure strata distribution are getting shallow from north to south and from east to west.Those strata transferred from the top of the Triassic to the bottom of the Cretaceous.As probably hydrocarbon-originated and post-diagenesis-stage overpressure in the central part of Junggar Basin,oil and gas were mainly accumulated around the top of overpressure strata.The deep overpressure was the driving force of hydrocarbon migration.The distribution of overpressure strata controlled the formation of secondary porosity zone and accumulation of hydrocarbon.
引文
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[13]刘刚，王越之，李白俊．声波时差法预测地层压力分析[J]．石油钻探技术，1994，22(2)：5-8．Liu Gang,Wang Yuezhi,Li Ziiun.Predicting pressure analysis by method of sonic transit time[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 1994,22(2):5-8.
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[18]王兴岭，冯斌，李心宁．井约束地震压力预测在滚动勘探开发中的应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2002，37(4)：391-395。Wang Xingling,Feng Bin,Li Xinning.Application of prediction by well-constrained seismic pressure in rolling exploration and development[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(4):391- 395.
[19]张传进．初探井地层孔隙压力预测方法[J]．石油钻探技术，2002，30(3)：13-14．Zhang Chuanjin.Prediction of formation pore pressure in wild cat wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2002,30(3):13-14.
[20]Hermanrud C,Wensaas L,Teige G M G,et al.Shale porosities from well logs on Haltenbanken(Offshore Mid-Norway) show no influence of overpressuring[G]// Law B E,Ulmishek G F, Slavin V I.Abnormal pressures in hydrocarbon environments. AAPG Memoir 70,1998,65-85.
[21]李亚林，谢贤鹏，贺振华，等．岩石孔隙流体对纵横波速度影响的实验研究及意义[J]．矿物岩石，1998，18(增刊)：188-191．Li Yalin，Xie Xianpeng，He Zhenhua，et al.The laboratorial stud- ying on the influence of pore fluid in rock to compressional and shear waves velocity and its significance[J].Journal of Mineralo- gy and Petrology，1998,18(Supplement):188-191.
[22]Dickinson G.Geological aspects of abnormal reservoir pressures in Gulf Coast Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,1953,37(2):410- 432.
[23]聂凯轩，陆正元，冯斌，等．时变地震资料压力异常分析在综合地质研究中的应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2006，41(6)：672-675．Nie Kaixuan,Lu Zhengyuan,Feng Bin,et al.Application of ana lyzing pressure anomaly in time-varying seismic data in compre- hensive geologic study[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41 (6):672-675.
[24]Hunt J M.Generation and migration of petroleum from abnor- mally pressured fluid compartments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74 (1):1-12.
[25]马启富，陈斯忠，张启明，等．超压盆地与油气分布[M]．北京：地质出版社，2000：1-29．Ma Qifu,Chen Sizhong,Zhang Qiming,et al.Overpressured ba- sin and oil-gas distribution[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2000:1-29.
[26]周新源．前陆盆地油气分布规律[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2002：220-240．Zhou Xinyuan.Oil-gas distribution rules in foreland basins[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:220-240.
[27]赵靖舟．前陆盆地天然气成藏理论及应用[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2003：121-166．Zhao Jingzhou.Theories of natural gas accumulation in foreland basins and their application[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:121-166.
[28]郝芳．超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理[M]．北京：科学出版社，2004：239-267．Hao Fang.Kinetics of hydrocarbon generation and mechanisms of petroleum accumulation in overpressured hasins[M].Beijing: Science Press,2004:239-267.
[29]解习农，李恩田，刘晓峰．异常压力盆地流体动力学[M]．武汉：中国地质大学出版社，2006：1-178．Xie Xinong,Li Sitian,Liu Xiaofeng.Basin fluid dynamics in ab- normally pressured environments[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2006:1-178.
[30]Leach W G.Gulf Coast Tertiary-1:New exploration enhance- ments in south Louisiana Tertiary sediments[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1993,91(9):83-87.
[31]Leach W G.Gulf Coast Tertiary-2:Fluid migration,hydrocarbon concentration in south Louisiana Tertiary sands[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1993,91(11):71-74.
[32]Leach W G.Gulf Coast Tertiary-3(conclusion):Maximum hy- drocarbon window determination in south Louisiana[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1993,91(13):81-84.
[33]吴孔友，查明，钟建华．准噶尔盆地超压系统分布及其演化[J]．地质科学，2006，41(4)：636-647．Wu Kongyou,Zha Ming,Zhong Jianhua.Distribution and evolu- tion of overpressure systems in the Junggar Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2006,41(4):636-647.
[34]李伟，赵文智，牛嘉玉，等．吐哈盆地煤系地层中烃类的独特运聚风格初探[J]．石油学报，1997，18(2)：8-12．Li Wei,Zhao Wenzhi,Niu Jiayu,et al.A study on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in coal measures of Turpan-Hami Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):8-12.
[35]郝芳，邹华耀，方勇，等．断-压双控流体流动与油气幕式快速成藏[J]．石油学报，2004，25(6)：38-43．Hao Fang,Zou Huayao,Fang Yong,et ai.Overpressure-fault controlled fluid flow and episodic hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(6):38-43.
[2]李丕龙．准噶尔盆地石油地质特征与大油气田勘探方向[J]．石油学报，2005，26(6)：7-9．Li Pilong.Petroleum geological characteristics and exploration o- rientation of large oilfields in Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(6):7-9.
[3]武恒志，孟闲龙，杨江峰．准噶尔盆地腹部车-莫古隆起区隐蔽油气藏形成条件与勘探技术[J]．石油与天然气地质，2006，27(6)：779-803．Wu Hengzhi,Meng Xianlong,Yang Jiangfeng.Formation condi- tions and prospecting technologies for subtle reservoirs in the Che-Mo palaeohigh of central Junggar Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geol- ogy,2006,27(6):779-803.
[4]陈忠民．准噶尔盆地侏罗系深部气藏勘探的有利地质条件[J]．新疆石油地质，2001，22(4)：291-293．Chen Zhongmin.Favorable geological conditions for gas-pool ex- ploration in Jurassic deep-buried basin structure of Junggar Basin [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(4):291-293.
[5]Bradley J S.Abnormal formation pressure[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1975,59(6):957-973.
[6]Bradley J S,Powley D E.Pressure compartments in sedimentary basins:A review[G]//Ortoleva P J.Basin compartments and seals.AAPG Memoir 61,1994:3-26.
[7]Powley D E.Pressures and hydrogeology in petroleum basins[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,1990,29(1/4):215-226.
[8]Swarbrick R E,Osborne M J.Mechanisms that generate abnor- mal pressures:An overview[G]//Law B E,Ulmishek G F,Slavin V I.Abnormal pressures in hydrocarbon environments.AAPG Memoir 70,1998:13-34.
[9]张启明，董伟良．中国含油气盆地中的超压体系[J]．石油学报，2000,21(6):1-11. Zhang Qiming,DongWeiliang.Overpressure system of hydrocar- bon-bearing basins in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21 (6):1-11.
[10]查明，张卫海，曲江秀．准噶尔盆地异常高压特征、成因及勘探意义[J]．石油勘探与开发，2000，27(2)：31-35．Zha Ming,Zhang Weihai,Qu Jiangxiu.The character and origin of overpressure and its explorational significance in Junggar Ba- sin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(2): 31-35.
[11]刘得光．准噶尔盆地马桥凸起异常高压成因及油气成藏模式[J]．石油勘探与开发，1998，25(1)：21-24．Liu Deguang.Overpressure origin and hydrocarbon pool forming mode of Maqiao Uplift in Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Explora- tion and Development,1998,25(1):21-24.
[12]曲江秀，查明．准噶尔盆地异常压力类型及成因探讨[J]．石油实验地质，2003，25(4)：333-336．Qu Jiangxiu,Zha Ming.Origin and characteristics of abnormal pressure in the Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experi- ment,2003,25(4):333-336.
[13]刘刚，王越之，李白俊．声波时差法预测地层压力分析[J]．石油钻探技术，1994，22(2)：5-8．Liu Gang,Wang Yuezhi,Li Ziiun.Predicting pressure analysis by method of sonic transit time[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 1994,22(2):5-8.
[14]邵新军，许昀，吕中锋，等．地层流体压力预测方法的讨论[J]．石油勘探与开发，2000，27(3)：100-105．Shao Xinjun,Xu Yun,LüZhongfeng,et al.A discussion about the methods for predicting pore pressure[J].Petroleum Explora- tion and Development,2000,27(3):100-105.
[15]李黔予．地震波速分析地层压力方法及压力预测分析系统介绍[J]．中国海上油气(地质)，1994，8(2)：130-135．Li Qianyu.Introduction of CPPAS and formation pressure pre- diction by using seismic velocity[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas (Geology),1994,8(2):130-135.
[16]周路，王绪龙，何登发，等．准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区深层压力预测[J]．中国石油勘探，2005，10(1)：46-54．Zhou Lu,Wang Xulong,He Dengfa,et al.Prediction of deep pressure in Mosuo Bay area of Junggar Basin[J].China Petrole- um Exploration,2005,10(1):46-54.
[17]张传进．地震层速度预测地层压力研究[J]．石油钻采工艺，1998，20(2)：14-18．Zhang Chuanjin.Study of formation pressure prediction with seismic interval velocity[J].Oil Drilling & Production Technolo gy,1998,20(2):14-18.
[18]王兴岭，冯斌，李心宁．井约束地震压力预测在滚动勘探开发中的应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2002，37(4)：391-395。Wang Xingling,Feng Bin,Li Xinning.Application of prediction by well-constrained seismic pressure in rolling exploration and development[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(4):391- 395.
[19]张传进．初探井地层孔隙压力预测方法[J]．石油钻探技术，2002，30(3)：13-14．Zhang Chuanjin.Prediction of formation pore pressure in wild cat wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2002,30(3):13-14.
[20]Hermanrud C,Wensaas L,Teige G M G,et al.Shale porosities from well logs on Haltenbanken(Offshore Mid-Norway) show no influence of overpressuring[G]// Law B E,Ulmishek G F, Slavin V I.Abnormal pressures in hydrocarbon environments. AAPG Memoir 70,1998,65-85.
[21]李亚林，谢贤鹏，贺振华，等．岩石孔隙流体对纵横波速度影响的实验研究及意义[J]．矿物岩石，1998，18(增刊)：188-191．Li Yalin，Xie Xianpeng，He Zhenhua，et al.The laboratorial stud- ying on the influence of pore fluid in rock to compressional and shear waves velocity and its significance[J].Journal of Mineralo- gy and Petrology，1998,18(Supplement):188-191.
[22]Dickinson G.Geological aspects of abnormal reservoir pressures in Gulf Coast Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,1953,37(2):410- 432.
[23]聂凯轩，陆正元，冯斌，等．时变地震资料压力异常分析在综合地质研究中的应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2006，41(6)：672-675．Nie Kaixuan,Lu Zhengyuan,Feng Bin,et al.Application of ana lyzing pressure anomaly in time-varying seismic data in compre- hensive geologic study[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41 (6):672-675.
[24]Hunt J M.Generation and migration of petroleum from abnor- mally pressured fluid compartments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74 (1):1-12.
[25]马启富，陈斯忠，张启明，等．超压盆地与油气分布[M]．北京：地质出版社，2000：1-29．Ma Qifu,Chen Sizhong,Zhang Qiming,et al.Overpressured ba- sin and oil-gas distribution[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2000:1-29.
[26]周新源．前陆盆地油气分布规律[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2002：220-240．Zhou Xinyuan.Oil-gas distribution rules in foreland basins[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:220-240.
[27]赵靖舟．前陆盆地天然气成藏理论及应用[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2003：121-166．Zhao Jingzhou.Theories of natural gas accumulation in foreland basins and their application[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:121-166.
[28]郝芳．超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理[M]．北京：科学出版社，2004：239-267．Hao Fang.Kinetics of hydrocarbon generation and mechanisms of petroleum accumulation in overpressured hasins[M].Beijing: Science Press,2004:239-267.
[29]解习农，李恩田，刘晓峰．异常压力盆地流体动力学[M]．武汉：中国地质大学出版社，2006：1-178．Xie Xinong,Li Sitian,Liu Xiaofeng.Basin fluid dynamics in ab- normally pressured environments[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2006:1-178.
[30]Leach W G.Gulf Coast Tertiary-1:New exploration enhance- ments in south Louisiana Tertiary sediments[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1993,91(9):83-87.
[31]Leach W G.Gulf Coast Tertiary-2:Fluid migration,hydrocarbon concentration in south Louisiana Tertiary sands[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1993,91(11):71-74.
[32]Leach W G.Gulf Coast Tertiary-3(conclusion):Maximum hy- drocarbon window determination in south Louisiana[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1993,91(13):81-84.
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