浅层地震勘探中有限元数值模拟方法的应用研究
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摘要
针对目前广泛用于解决工程地质问题的浅层地震勘探特点,通过对浅层小尺度介质进行地震波数值模拟,揭示地震波在不同浅层介质模型中的波场特征和传播规律。为浅层地震勘探野外数据采集前合理选择观测系统提供指导性的方案,并能对地震勘探成果解释的合理性给予客观评价。在分析各种数值模拟方法特点的基础上,选择具有精度高、易模拟复杂结构的有限元法对百米尺度的浅部模型进行地震波数值模拟。通过与实际采集的共炮点记录对比,主要波组的特征具有较好的相似性。说明用有限元法模拟浅层复杂结构的地震波场是有效和可行的。
Currently shallow seismic prospecting method is widely applied in engineering geological exploration.Through using seismic wave numerical simulation in shallow small-scale medium, the characteristic and propagation rule of seismic wave in some different shallow medium models is revealed in this paper.It can guide the reasonable observation system before field collection of shallow seismic prospecting,and also can objectively evaluate the rationality of seismic prospecting interpretation.On the basis of comparing with some numerical modeling methods,the finite element method which has high precision and easily simulates complex structure in shallow model is employed in this paper.Through comparing with actual common -source point records,the characteristics of main wave groups are similar with each other. So using finite element method in shallow complex structure is valid and viable.
Currently shallow seismic prospecting method is widely applied in engineering geological exploration.Through using seismic wave numerical simulation in shallow small-scale medium, the characteristic and propagation rule of seismic wave in some different shallow medium models is revealed in this paper.It can guide the reasonable observation system before field collection of shallow seismic prospecting,and also can objectively evaluate the rationality of seismic prospecting interpretation.On the basis of comparing with some numerical modeling methods,the finite element method which has high precision and easily simulates complex structure in shallow model is employed in this paper.Through comparing with actual common -source point records,the characteristics of main wave groups are similar with each other. So using finite element method in shallow complex structure is valid and viable.
引文
何正勤,陈宇坤,叶太兰.浅层地震勘探在沿海地区隐伏断层探测中的应用[J].地震地质,2007,29(2) :363-372．
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裴正林,牟永光.地震波传播数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4) :932-940．
邵秀明,蓝志凌.流体饱和多孔介质波动方程的有限元解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(2) :264-278．
魏星,王彦宾,陈晓非.模拟地震波场的伪谱和高阶有限差分混合方法[J].地震学报,2010,32(4) :392-400．
肖开宇,胡祥云.正演模拟技术在地震解释中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,6(4) :459-464．
张美根,王妙月,李小凡,等.各向异性弹性波场的有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(3) :384-389．
张美根.各向异性弹性波正反演问题研究[D].中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2000．
Carcione J M,Kosloff D,et al.A spectral scheme for wave propagation simulation in 3D elastic-anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1992,57:1 593-1 607．
Fryer G J,Frazer N.Seismic wave in stratified anisotropic media-Ⅱ:Elastodynamic eigensolutions for some anisotropic systems[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,1987,91:73-101．
Juhlin C.Finite-difference elastic wave propagation in 2D heterogeneous transversely isotropic media[J].Gephys Prosp,1995,43:843-858．
Clayton R,Engquist B.Absorbing boundary conditions for acoustic and elastic wave equations[J].Bull Seis Soc Am,1977,67:1 529-1 540．
Sarma G S,Mallick k,Gadhinglajkar V R.Nonreflecting boundary condition in finite-element formulation for an elastic wave equation[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3) :1 006-1 023．
兰晓雯,晏信飞,吴何珍,等.隐伏活断层地震勘探的地震正演模拟方法[J].现代地质,2009,23(6) :1 160-1 166．
龙桂华,李小凡,张美根.基于Shannon奇异核理论的褶积微分算子在地震波场模拟中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :1 041-1 024．
陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1996．
马德堂,朱光明.有限元法与伪谱法混合求解弹性波动方程[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(1) :61-64．
牟永光,朱建林.实际有限元地震模型制作方法.弹性波问题有限元数值解科研成果论文集[R].华东石油学院,1987:232-248．
裴正林,牟永光.地震波传播数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4) :932-940．
邵秀明,蓝志凌.流体饱和多孔介质波动方程的有限元解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(2) :264-278．
魏星,王彦宾,陈晓非.模拟地震波场的伪谱和高阶有限差分混合方法[J].地震学报,2010,32(4) :392-400．
肖开宇,胡祥云.正演模拟技术在地震解释中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,6(4) :459-464．
张美根,王妙月,李小凡,等.各向异性弹性波场的有限元数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(3) :384-389．
张美根.各向异性弹性波正反演问题研究[D].中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2000．
Carcione J M,Kosloff D,et al.A spectral scheme for wave propagation simulation in 3D elastic-anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1992,57:1 593-1 607．
Fryer G J,Frazer N.Seismic wave in stratified anisotropic media-Ⅱ:Elastodynamic eigensolutions for some anisotropic systems[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,1987,91:73-101．
Juhlin C.Finite-difference elastic wave propagation in 2D heterogeneous transversely isotropic media[J].Gephys Prosp,1995,43:843-858．
Clayton R,Engquist B.Absorbing boundary conditions for acoustic and elastic wave equations[J].Bull Seis Soc Am,1977,67:1 529-1 540．
Sarma G S,Mallick k,Gadhinglajkar V R.Nonreflecting boundary condition in finite-element formulation for an elastic wave equation[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3) :1 006-1 023．
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