青藏高原吉隆-鲁谷(Hi-Climb)层析成像与印藏碰撞的消减作用
摘要
利用中美合作Hi-Climb项目北段吉隆-鲁谷剖面的天然地震探测数据,拾取2004~2005年期间5级以上地震事件的P波与4级以上地震的Pn波震相的走时,通过多震相层析成像反演获得青藏高原腹地的地下500 km以上的P波速度扰动结构.结果表明雅江地区为北向倾斜的低速扰动,班公-怒江断裂下方存在向南俯冲并被印度板块俯冲挤压而回折的高速体,建立了印度板块在冈底斯地块下方拆沉并被雅江低速体穿越的构造样式.说明印度板块俯冲在到达班公-怒江缝合带之前已经开始消减,与拆沉位置对比发现,印度板块的前锋深部呈现多期多级次特征,并受到地幔热循环作用的影响.
Utilizing the seismological data collected by Sino-US cooperated project Hi-Climb,crossing the north part of the profile from Gyirong to Lugu,we picked the arrival times of P phases from earthquakes larger than Mb 5.0 and Pn phases from that lager than Mb 4.0 recorded during 2004～2005.Through multi-phase tomography inversion the P wave velocity perturbations down to 500 km below the central part of Tibetan Plateau were determined.It is found that there is a northward dipping low velocity perturbation zone in the Yarlun-Tsangbo Suture area,and a southward subduction zone beneath Bangong-Nujiang Suture which may be lifted by Indian Plate subduction,and the delamination of Indian Plate beneath Gangdes block may be cut through by the low velocity zone at Yarlun Suture.The tectonic style illustrates that Indian Plate should have subducted before it may reach Bangong-Nujiang Suture,and that the frontier of Indian Plate presents multi-phase multi-level feature according to the delaminated position,and may also be affected by the thermo-cycle of lower mantle.
Utilizing the seismological data collected by Sino-US cooperated project Hi-Climb,crossing the north part of the profile from Gyirong to Lugu,we picked the arrival times of P phases from earthquakes larger than Mb 5.0 and Pn phases from that lager than Mb 4.0 recorded during 2004～2005.Through multi-phase tomography inversion the P wave velocity perturbations down to 500 km below the central part of Tibetan Plateau were determined.It is found that there is a northward dipping low velocity perturbation zone in the Yarlun-Tsangbo Suture area,and a southward subduction zone beneath Bangong-Nujiang Suture which may be lifted by Indian Plate subduction,and the delamination of Indian Plate beneath Gangdes block may be cut through by the low velocity zone at Yarlun Suture.The tectonic style illustrates that Indian Plate should have subducted before it may reach Bangong-Nujiang Suture,and that the frontier of Indian Plate presents multi-phase multi-level feature according to the delaminated position,and may also be affected by the thermo-cycle of lower mantle.
引文
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[19]Schulte-Pelkum V,Monsalve G,Sheehan A,et al.Imaging theIndian subcontinent beneath the Himalaya.Nature,2005,435:doi:10.1038/03678
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[25]薛光琦,钱辉,姜枚等.青藏高原东北部天然地震探测与岩石圈深部特征.地球学报,2003,24(1):19~26Xue G Q,Qian H,Jiang M,et al.Studies on the velocity structure ofcrust-upper mantle beneath North-east Qinghai,China.ActaGeoscientica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,24(1):19~26
[26]熊熊,傅容珊,滕吉文等.青藏高原的地幔动力学研究.地球科学进展,2005,20(9):970~979Xiong X,Fu R S,Teng J W,et al.Study of mantle dynamics of theTibetan Plateau.Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),2005,20(9):970~979
[27]赵文津,薛光琦,吴珍汉等.西藏高原上地幔的精细结构与构造-地震层析成像给出的启示.地球物理学报,2004,47(3):449~455Zhao W J,Xue G Q,Wu Z H,et al.Fine velocity structure of theupper mantle beneath the Xizang Plateau from tomography and itsgeological interpretations.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):449~455
[28]赵文津,纳尔逊K D,车敬凯等.喜马拉雅地区深反射地震--揭示印度大陆北缘岩石圈的复杂结构.地球学报,1996,17(2):138~152Zhao W J,Nelson K D,Che J K,et al.Deep seismic reflection inHamalaya region reveals the complexity of the crust and uppermantle.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),1996,17(2):138~152
[29]孔祥儒,王谦身,熊绍柏.西藏高原西部综合地球物理与岩石圈结构的研究.中国科学(D辑),1996,26(4):308~315Kong X R,Wang Q S,Xiong S B,et al.The integrated research ongeophysics and lithospheric in the weatern Tibet Plateau.Science inChina(Series D),1996,26(4):308~315
[30]李永华,吴庆举,田小波等.青藏高原拉萨及羌塘块体的地壳结构研究.地震学报,2006,28(6):586~595Li Y H,Wu Q J,Tian X B,et al.The crustal structure beneathQiangtang and Lhasa Terrane from receiver function.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(6):586~595
[31]Tapponnier P,Zhiqin X,Roger F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise andgrowth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,2001,294:1671~1677
[2]张培震,沈正康,王敏等.青藏高原及周边现今构造变形的运动学.地震地质,2004,26(3):367~377Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,Wang M,et al.Kinematics of present daytectonic deformation of the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinities.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2004,26(3):367~377
[3]甘卫军,沈正康,张培震等.青藏高原地壳水平差异运动的GPS观测研究.大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(1):29~34Gan W J,Shen Z K,Zhang P Z,et al.Horizontal crustal movementof Tibetan plateau from GPS measurements.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2004,24(1):29~34
[4]Wang J,Ye Z R.Dynamic modeling for crustal deformation inChina:Comparisons between the theoretical prediction and the recentGPS data.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2006,155:201~207
[5]Replumaz A,Karason H,Hilst R D,et al.4-D evolution of SEAsia’s mantle from geological reconstructions and seismictomography.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,221:103~115
[6]王红落,常旭,陈传仁.基于波动方程有限差分算法的接收函数正演与偏移.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):415~422Wang H L,Chang X,Chen C R.Receiver function forward modelingand migration based on wave equation finite difference method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):415~422
[7]Vinnik L P,Reigber C,Aleshin I M,et al.Receiver functiontomography of the central Tien Shan.Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2004,225:131~146
[8]Wang Youxue,Jiang Mei,Nabelek J,Cai Shuiku.The new insightof the velocity structure beneath the Indian-Eurasian continentalcollision zone.AGU West Pacific Geophysics Meeting Abstracts,2006,S45A-04
[9]Yanovskaya T B,Antonova L M,Kozhevnikov V M.Lateralvariations of the upper mantle structure in Eurasia from groupvelocities of surface waves.Physics of the Earth and PlanetaryInteriors,2000,122:19~32
[10]Aki K,Christoffersson A,Husebye E S.Determination of the three-dimensional seismic structure of the lithosphere.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1977,82(2):277~296
[11]薛光琦,宿和平,钱辉等.地震层析对印度板块向北俯冲的认识.地质学报,2006,80(8):1156~1160Xue G Q,Su H P,Qian H,et al.Seismic tomographic constraint onthe northward subduction of the Indian Plate.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,80(8):1156~1160
[12]Tseng Tai-Lin,Chen Wang-Ping.Probing the southern Indian shieldwith P-wave receiver-function profiles.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2006,96(1):328~333
[13]Vergne J,Nabelek J,Hi-Climb Team.Geometry and characteristicsof the main Himalayan thrust in Nepal/Tibet revealed by the Hi-CLIMB seismological experiment.Eos Trans.AGU,Fall Meet.Suppl.Abstract,2005,86(52):T52A-03
[14]Huang Guo-chin,Wu Francis T,Steven Roecker.Crustal and uppermantle structures of the high Himalaya,from joint teleseismic andlocal earthquake tomography inversion.AGU Fall Meeting,2005,T43A-1380
[15]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.Tomographic imaging of P and Swave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1992,97:19909~19928
[16]Meissner R,Tilmann F,Haines S.About the lithospheric structure ofcentral Tibet,based on seismic data from the INDEPTHⅢprofile.Tectonophysics,2004,380:1~25
[17]Vanderhaeghe O,Teyssier C.Partial melting and flow of orogens.Tectonophysics,2001,342:451~472
[18]Voo R,Spakman W,Bijwaard H.Tethyan subducted slabs underIndia.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1999,171:7~20
[19]Schulte-Pelkum V,Monsalve G,Sheehan A,et al.Imaging theIndian subcontinent beneath the Himalaya.Nature,2005,435:doi:10.1038/03678
[20]马润勇,席先武,彭建兵等.青藏高原递进式隆升的力学模式.大地构造与成矿学,2005,29(4):451~458Ma R Y,Xi X W,Peng J B,et al.Mechanics model of progressiveuplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Geotectonica et Metallogenia(inChinese),2005,29(4):451~458
[21]Chemenda A I,Burg J,Mattauer M.Evolutionary model ofHimalaya-Tibet system:geopoem based on new modelling,geologicaland geophysical data.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2000,174:397~409
[22]Zhou Hua-wei,Michael A Murphy.Tomographic evidence forwholesale underthrusting of India beneath the entire Tibetan plateau.Journal ofAsian Earth Sciences,2005,25:445~457
[23]许志琴,姜枚,杨经绥等.青藏高原的地幔结构:地幔羽、地幔剪切带及岩石圈俯冲板片的拆沉.地学前缘,2004,11(4):329~343Xu Z Q,Jiang M,Yang J S,et al.Mantle structure of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Mantle plume,mantle shear zone and delamination oflithospheric slab.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2004,11(4):329~343
[24]肖序常,刘训,高锐等.西昆仑及邻区岩石圈结构构造演化-塔里木南-西昆仑多学科地学断面简要报道.地质通报,2002,21(2):63~67Xiao X C,Liu X,Gao R,et al.Lithospheric structure and tectonicevolution of the West Kunlun and its adjacent areas-Brief report onthe South Tarim-West Kunlun multidisciplinary geoscience transect.Geological Bulletin(in Chinese),2002,21(2):63~68
[25]薛光琦,钱辉,姜枚等.青藏高原东北部天然地震探测与岩石圈深部特征.地球学报,2003,24(1):19~26Xue G Q,Qian H,Jiang M,et al.Studies on the velocity structure ofcrust-upper mantle beneath North-east Qinghai,China.ActaGeoscientica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,24(1):19~26
[26]熊熊,傅容珊,滕吉文等.青藏高原的地幔动力学研究.地球科学进展,2005,20(9):970~979Xiong X,Fu R S,Teng J W,et al.Study of mantle dynamics of theTibetan Plateau.Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),2005,20(9):970~979
[27]赵文津,薛光琦,吴珍汉等.西藏高原上地幔的精细结构与构造-地震层析成像给出的启示.地球物理学报,2004,47(3):449~455Zhao W J,Xue G Q,Wu Z H,et al.Fine velocity structure of theupper mantle beneath the Xizang Plateau from tomography and itsgeological interpretations.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):449~455
[28]赵文津,纳尔逊K D,车敬凯等.喜马拉雅地区深反射地震--揭示印度大陆北缘岩石圈的复杂结构.地球学报,1996,17(2):138~152Zhao W J,Nelson K D,Che J K,et al.Deep seismic reflection inHamalaya region reveals the complexity of the crust and uppermantle.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),1996,17(2):138~152
[29]孔祥儒,王谦身,熊绍柏.西藏高原西部综合地球物理与岩石圈结构的研究.中国科学(D辑),1996,26(4):308~315Kong X R,Wang Q S,Xiong S B,et al.The integrated research ongeophysics and lithospheric in the weatern Tibet Plateau.Science inChina(Series D),1996,26(4):308~315
[30]李永华,吴庆举,田小波等.青藏高原拉萨及羌塘块体的地壳结构研究.地震学报,2006,28(6):586~595Li Y H,Wu Q J,Tian X B,et al.The crustal structure beneathQiangtang and Lhasa Terrane from receiver function.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(6):586~595
[31]Tapponnier P,Zhiqin X,Roger F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise andgrowth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,2001,294:1671~1677
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