海洋天然气水合物三维地震与海底地震勘探中的震源技术研究
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摘要
三维地震与海底地震勘探技术愈来愈广泛应用于海洋天然气水合物调查中。为了获取高品质的纵波、转换横波等地震信息,揭示天然气水合物地层的速度结构异常,地震震源是决定调查成功与否的关键技术之一。本文对激发频宽、输出、气泡效应等震源特性及组合技术进行了综合研究,设计了一种新型的GI枪点震源系统,并于2006—2009年期间在南海北部某海域进行一系列试验。试验效果的综合对比表明:震源优化技术的应用明显提高了地震纵波的地层穿透深度,并改善了海底地震仪(OBS)纵波及转换横波的接收效果。
Application of 3-D seismic and OBS exploration has been ever-increasing in the marine survey on natural gas hydrate.The seismic source is one of determining factors in the acquisition,which is related to the quality of seismic data(P-wave and converted S-wave) acquired.The high quality data help to reveal the feature of velocity anomaly of strata bearing gas hydrate.By taking firing bandwidth,output and bubble effect into integrated consideration,a new type of GI gun point source was designed and then applied in the investigation on gas hydrate.Tests were conducted in northern of the South China Sea repeatedly over time from 2006 to 2009.The results indicated the application of new point source can enhance the penetrating capability of seismic P-wave and can improve the quality of P-wave and converted S-wave that OBS acquired.
Application of 3-D seismic and OBS exploration has been ever-increasing in the marine survey on natural gas hydrate.The seismic source is one of determining factors in the acquisition,which is related to the quality of seismic data(P-wave and converted S-wave) acquired.The high quality data help to reveal the feature of velocity anomaly of strata bearing gas hydrate.By taking firing bandwidth,output and bubble effect into integrated consideration,a new type of GI gun point source was designed and then applied in the investigation on gas hydrate.Tests were conducted in northern of the South China Sea repeatedly over time from 2006 to 2009.The results indicated the application of new point source can enhance the penetrating capability of seismic P-wave and can improve the quality of P-wave and converted S-wave that OBS acquired.
引文
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[16]JOHNSTON R C,REED D H,ANDDESLER J F.Special report on marine seismic energy source standards[J].Geo-physics,1998,53(4):566?575.
[17]何汉漪.海洋高分辨率地震技术及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:60?62.
[18]陆敬安,伍忠良,曾宪军.海洋地震勘探中地震波,鬼波综合效应分析与应用[J].海洋技术,2006,25(4):76?78,98.
[19]伍忠良,曾宪军,王立明.海洋天然气水合物调查地震采集技术-调查初始阶段研究[J].海洋技术,2006,4(25):79?87.
[20]伍忠良,曾宪军,王伟巍.海洋天然气水合物调查地震采集技术-调查深入阶段[J].海洋技术,2007,26(4):110?114.
[21]张明,彭朝旭,沙志彬.天然气水合物准三维地震调查导航定位技术[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):101?106.
[22]赵庆献,韩立国,伍忠良,等.天然气水合物准三维地震勘探电缆动态定位精度研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(5):936?941.
[2]GORMAN A R,HOLBROOK W S,HORNBACH M J,et al.Migration of methane gas through the hydrate stability zone in a low-flux hydrate province[J].Geology,2002,30(4):327?330.
[3]VANNESTE M,BATIST M D,GOLMSHTOK A,et al.Multi-frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sedi-ments in Lake Baikal,Siberia[J].Marine Geology,2001,172(1/2):1?21.
[4]KHLYSTOV O,VAN P R,DE M-BATIST,et al.Sublacus-trine mud volcanoes and methane seeps caused by dissocia-tion of gas hydrates in Lake Baikal[J].Geology,2002,30(7):631?634.
[5]VANNESTE M,POORTA J,BATIST M D,et al.A typical heat-flow near gas hydrate irregularities and cold seeps in the Baikal rift zone[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,19(2003):1257?1274.
[6]HAACKE R R,WESTBROOK K G,PEACOCK S,et al.Seismic anisotropy from a marine gas hydrate system west of Svalbard[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Confer-ence on Gas Hydrates.Trondheim,Norway:Nor-way-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005.http://www.gas-hydrate.org.cn/symposium/symp_21_1.pdf.
[7]ROSSI G,MADRUSSANI G,GEI D,et al.Velocity and attenuation 3d tomography for gas hydrates studies:the NW offshore Svalbard case[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth Interna-tional Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005.http://www.nioz.nl/public/symposia_workshops/arctic/poster/madrussani.pdf
[8]WESTBROOK1 K G,BUENZ S,CAMERLENGHI A,et al.Measurement of P-and S-wave velocity,and the estimation of hydrate concentration at sites in the continental margin of Svalbard and the storegga region of Norway[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005.http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/28653/.
[9]INAMORI T,HATO M,SAEKI T.Delineation of gas hy-drate-bearing sediments by multi seismic attributes using 3d seismic survey,offshore Tokai[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Trondheim,Nor-way:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005.http://ww w.gas-hydrate.org.cn/symposium/symp_21_1.pdf.
[10]ASAKAWA E,WARD P,VANNESTE M,et al.Ocean bottom seismometer wide-angle reflection study of gas hy-drate accumulations in Nankai trough,offshore To-kai[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondheim,Norway:Norway ICGH5 Or-ganising-Committee,2005.http://www.gas-hydrate.org.cn/symposium/symp_21_1.pdf.
[11]张光学,黄有样,陈邦彦.海域天然气水合物地震学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003:27?56.
[12]NOUZéH,LAFOY Y,GéLI L,et al.First results of a high resolution seismic study of a bottom simulating reflector in the fairway basin,offshore new Caledonia[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Commitee,2005.http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical_dzkjqb200604006.aspx
[13]TINIVELLA U,ACCAINO F,et al.Gas hydrates and active mud volcanism on the South Shetland continental margin,Antarctic Peninsula[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2007,28(2):97?106.
[14]张明,伍忠良.天然气水合物BSR的识别与地震勘探频率[J].海洋学报,2004,26(4):80?88.
[15]ZüHLSDORFF L,SPIE?V.Pockmarks in the Northern Congo Fan area,SW Africa:Complex seafloor features shaped by fluid flow[J].Marine Geology,2008,249(3/4):206?225.
[16]JOHNSTON R C,REED D H,ANDDESLER J F.Special report on marine seismic energy source standards[J].Geo-physics,1998,53(4):566?575.
[17]何汉漪.海洋高分辨率地震技术及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:60?62.
[18]陆敬安,伍忠良,曾宪军.海洋地震勘探中地震波,鬼波综合效应分析与应用[J].海洋技术,2006,25(4):76?78,98.
[19]伍忠良,曾宪军,王立明.海洋天然气水合物调查地震采集技术-调查初始阶段研究[J].海洋技术,2006,4(25):79?87.
[20]伍忠良,曾宪军,王伟巍.海洋天然气水合物调查地震采集技术-调查深入阶段[J].海洋技术,2007,26(4):110?114.
[21]张明,彭朝旭,沙志彬.天然气水合物准三维地震调查导航定位技术[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(6):101?106.
[22]赵庆献,韩立国,伍忠良,等.天然气水合物准三维地震勘探电缆动态定位精度研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(5):936?941.
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