综合静校正技术及其在川东高陡构造区应用效果
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摘要
不同的静校正技术基于不同的模型假设,适用于不同的地表地质条件。川东高陡构造地区,地震资料处理效果证明,在老地层出露区,微测井约束的层析静校正方法取得了满意的效果;在地表平缓地段,基于EGRM的折射静校正效果最好。只有采用综合静校正技术才能优势互补,解决好一次静校正问题。然后进行初至波多域剩余静校正和反射波剩余静校正。讨论了折射静校正、层析静校正和初至波多域剩余静校正的原理、假设条件、适用范围和误差分析,结合实际资料,处理中利用野外高密度的微测井资料,获得折射静校正的风化层速度;利用折射静校正反演的速度模型和微测井建立的速度模型,建立层析成像初始速度模型;利用直达波、折射波和回折波,进行初至波射线路径追踪、走时计算和大型稀疏矩阵方程的求解。
Different methods of static correction are based on different assumed model and applicable to different LVL geological survey.Seismic data processing has proved that tomographic static correction constrained by minilog data was only fitted to the ancient formation exposed surface,and refraction static correction based on EGRM was in flat area.The comprehensive static correction combined tomographic inversion and refraction is once to resolve static correction,then the residual static correction and reflection residual static correction by multi-domain decomposition is used.In this paper,we discussed the principle,assumed model and deviation of refraction and tomographic static correction and refraction residual static correction.In the seismic data processing,we used the high-density minilog data for high-steep structure to gain average velocity of weathered layer in refraction static correction,then the initial velocity model for tomography is constrained by velocity model obtained from refraction and minilog data.We used the direct wave and refraction and turning wave to do the first arrival time ray path tracing,travel time computation and solution of large sparse matrix equation.Although several methods in tomographic correction forward and inversion existed,the method of shortest path ray tracing forward and SIRT inversion was used in this paper.
Different methods of static correction are based on different assumed model and applicable to different LVL geological survey.Seismic data processing has proved that tomographic static correction constrained by minilog data was only fitted to the ancient formation exposed surface,and refraction static correction based on EGRM was in flat area.The comprehensive static correction combined tomographic inversion and refraction is once to resolve static correction,then the residual static correction and reflection residual static correction by multi-domain decomposition is used.In this paper,we discussed the principle,assumed model and deviation of refraction and tomographic static correction and refraction residual static correction.In the seismic data processing,we used the high-density minilog data for high-steep structure to gain average velocity of weathered layer in refraction static correction,then the initial velocity model for tomography is constrained by velocity model obtained from refraction and minilog data.We used the direct wave and refraction and turning wave to do the first arrival time ray path tracing,travel time computation and solution of large sparse matrix equation.Although several methods in tomographic correction forward and inversion existed,the method of shortest path ray tracing forward and SIRT inversion was used in this paper.
引文
[1]Lin Boxiang.Tomography for LVZ velocity inversion andstatics[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(2):136-140.[林伯香.层析成像低速带速度反演和静校正方法[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):136-140.]
[2]He Guangming,He Zhenhua.The application of nonlineartomography statics in Chuanxi data processing[J].Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):88-92.[何光明,贺振华.非线性层析静校正在川西地区资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):88-92.]
[3]Zhang J,Toksφz M N.Nonlinear refraction traveltime tomo-graphy[J].Geophysics,1998,63(5):1726-1737.
[4]Zhang Jie,Mackie R L,Madden T R.3-D resistivity forwardmoded1ing and inversion using conjugate gradients[J].Geo-physics,1995,60(5):1313-1325.
[5]Lin Boxiang.Static correction approaches being frequently ap-plied[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(4):367-372.[林伯香.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):367-372.]
[6]Wang Kebin.Solving the mis-tie problem in MX area via ex-tended generalized reciprocal method(EGRM)refractionstatics[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(2):126-130.[王克斌.利用扩展广义互换折射波静校正方法解决MX地区资料的野外静校正闭合差[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):126-130.]
[7]Li Luming.Tomographic inversion of first break in surfacemodel[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(5):559-564.[李录明.初至波表层模型层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(5):559-564.]
[8]Belfer I,Landa E.Shallow velocity-depth model imaging by re-fraction tomography[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44:859-870.
[9]Wang Hongqi.Application of tomographic inversion static cor-rection in complex areas of western China[J].Natural GasGeoscience,2009,20(2):258-262.[王红旗.层析反演静校正在西部复杂地区的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(2):258-262.]
[10]Chen Shijun.The application of seismic first arrival ray trac-ing tomography static in the complicated near surface area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):34-39.[陈世军.初至波射线层析成像在复杂区静校正中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):34-39.]
[11]Wang Xiao,He Zhenhua.Technology of static correction formulti-information constrained tomographic inversion and itsapplication[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(2):316-320.[王孝,贺振华.多信息约束层析反演静校正技术及其应用[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):316-320.]
[2]He Guangming,He Zhenhua.The application of nonlineartomography statics in Chuanxi data processing[J].Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):88-92.[何光明,贺振华.非线性层析静校正在川西地区资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):88-92.]
[3]Zhang J,Toksφz M N.Nonlinear refraction traveltime tomo-graphy[J].Geophysics,1998,63(5):1726-1737.
[4]Zhang Jie,Mackie R L,Madden T R.3-D resistivity forwardmoded1ing and inversion using conjugate gradients[J].Geo-physics,1995,60(5):1313-1325.
[5]Lin Boxiang.Static correction approaches being frequently ap-plied[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(4):367-372.[林伯香.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):367-372.]
[6]Wang Kebin.Solving the mis-tie problem in MX area via ex-tended generalized reciprocal method(EGRM)refractionstatics[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(2):126-130.[王克斌.利用扩展广义互换折射波静校正方法解决MX地区资料的野外静校正闭合差[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):126-130.]
[7]Li Luming.Tomographic inversion of first break in surfacemodel[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(5):559-564.[李录明.初至波表层模型层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(5):559-564.]
[8]Belfer I,Landa E.Shallow velocity-depth model imaging by re-fraction tomography[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44:859-870.
[9]Wang Hongqi.Application of tomographic inversion static cor-rection in complex areas of western China[J].Natural GasGeoscience,2009,20(2):258-262.[王红旗.层析反演静校正在西部复杂地区的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(2):258-262.]
[10]Chen Shijun.The application of seismic first arrival ray trac-ing tomography static in the complicated near surface area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):34-39.[陈世军.初至波射线层析成像在复杂区静校正中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):34-39.]
[11]Wang Xiao,He Zhenhua.Technology of static correction formulti-information constrained tomographic inversion and itsapplication[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(2):316-320.[王孝,贺振华.多信息约束层析反演静校正技术及其应用[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):316-320.]
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