用转换函数研究那木错站地壳结构
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摘要
青藏高原是研究地球动力学问题天然的试验场,也是研究全球变化的关键地区之一,中国科学院青藏高原研究所于2004年在西藏那木错建立了圈层相互作用综合观测研究站.为了解那木错站下方的地质构造,于2005年8月在本站布设了宽频带地震仪(记录器为Reftek130,摆为STS2),并于2006年5月取得首批数据.本文利用宽频带地震仪提供的三分量地震波形记录,应用转换函数及快速模拟退火算法对那木错站下的地壳横波速度结构进行了反演.反演结果表明,那木错站Moho面深度在85公里左右,地壳结构复杂,尤其在中上地壳,明显呈高低速互层结构,反映了该地区构造活动、物质交换活跃,表明这些地区还未达到均衡;同时,为了便于研究该地区地壳结构,还对IRIS提供的临近地区的地震宽频带进行了处理,为研究那木错地区圈层结构提供地球物理依据.
The Tibetan plateau is a natural lab for studying geodynamic and global environmental change.In 2004,a compositive observation station was established by The Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research for studying mutual effect between lithosphere,biosphere and atmosphere.For studying the crustal structure beneath the compositive observation station,a broadband seismometer(model is Reftek 130,pendulum model is STS2) was installed in Aug 2005 and gathered first dataset in May 2006.In this paper,according to three-componenets teleseismic records from broad-band seismometer,the S wave velocity structural beneath NMCO compositive observation station was investigated by using the transform function method and the simulated annealing techique.Our results indicate that,the Moho depth is 85km beneath the station and the crust structure is complex.Particularly,there is low-velocity and high-velocity interlock exists in upper or middle crust.It indicates that tectonic movement and substance exchange are active in the plate boundary regions where the crust remains in the state of imbalance.Also we processing the data provided by seismic station in adjacent region,all of those results will provide geophysics evidence for studying crust structure of this region.
The Tibetan plateau is a natural lab for studying geodynamic and global environmental change.In 2004,a compositive observation station was established by The Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research for studying mutual effect between lithosphere,biosphere and atmosphere.For studying the crustal structure beneath the compositive observation station,a broadband seismometer(model is Reftek 130,pendulum model is STS2) was installed in Aug 2005 and gathered first dataset in May 2006.In this paper,according to three-componenets teleseismic records from broad-band seismometer,the S wave velocity structural beneath NMCO compositive observation station was investigated by using the transform function method and the simulated annealing techique.Our results indicate that,the Moho depth is 85km beneath the station and the crust structure is complex.Particularly,there is low-velocity and high-velocity interlock exists in upper or middle crust.It indicates that tectonic movement and substance exchange are active in the plate boundary regions where the crust remains in the state of imbalance.Also we processing the data provided by seismic station in adjacent region,all of those results will provide geophysics evidence for studying crust structure of this region.
引文
①中国科学院青藏高原研究所那木错综合实验站2006年度总结报告[R].北京:中国科学院青藏高原研究所,2006.
[1]Zhao L S,Sen M K,Stoffa P,et al.Application of very fastsi mulated annealing to the determination of the crustal struc-ture beneath Tibet[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1996,125:355~370.
[2]王卫民,姚振兴.用转换函数方法研究台湾地区三维深部结构[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5),628~632.Wang W M,Yao Z X.AStudy onthe 3Dcrustal structure be-neath Tai wan by teleseismic transform function method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(5):628~632.
[3]曹忠权,张智,田小波.青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带域岩石密度结构及意义[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):523~528.Cao Z Q,Zhang Z,Tian X B.Rock density structure inBangong-Nujiang suture zone and its significance[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):523~528.
[4]高星,王卫民,姚振兴.中国及邻近地区地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):591~601.Gao X,Wang W M,Yao Z X.Crustal structure of China ma-inland and its adjacent regions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(3):591~601.
[5]周莹.接收台站精细地壳结构的波形反演[硕士论文].北京:中国科学院地球物理研究所,1999.Zhou Y.Waveforminverse for fine crustal structure beneathseismic station[M.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Instituteof Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,1999.
[6]Ingber L.Veryfast si mulated re-annealing[J].Mathl.Com-put.Modelling,1989,12(8):967~973.
[7]朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林,等.中国及邻近陆域海域地球内部三维结构及动力学研究[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(4):497~503.Zhu J S,Cao J M,Cai X L,et al.Studyfor three-di mensionalstructure of earthinterior and geodynamics in China and adja-cent land and sea regions[J].Advance in Earth Sciences(inChinese),2003,18(4):497~503.
[8]刘启元,Kind R,李顺成.中国数字地震台网的接收函数及其非线性反演[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(3):356~367.Liu Q Y,Kind R,Li S C.The receiver functions at the sta-tions of the Chinese digital seismic network(CDSN)and theirnonlinear inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(3):356~367.
[9]Mathews M,Segall P.Statistical inversion of crustal deforma-tion data and esti mation of the depth distribution of slipin the1906 earthquake[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1993,98:12153~12163.
[10]Efron B,Tibshirani J T.An introduction to the Bootstrap[M].New York:Chapman and Hall,1993.
[11]All埁gre C J,Courtillot V,Tapponnier P,et al.Structureand evolution of the Hi malaya-Tibet orogenic belt[J].Na-ture,1984,307(5):17~22.
[12]Dewey J F,Shackleton R M,Chang C F,et al.The tectonicevolution of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Philos.Trans.R.Soc.London,1988,327(A):379~413.
[13]Yin A,Harrison M.Geologic evolution of the Hi malayan-Ti-betan orogen[J].Annu.Rev.Earth Planet Sci.,2000,28:211~280.
[14]丁林,来庆洲.冈底斯地壳碰撞前增厚及隆升的地质证据:岛弧拼贴对青藏高原隆升及扩展历史的制约[J].科学通报,2003,48(8):836~842.
[15]丁林,岳雅慧,蔡福龙,等.西藏拉萨地块高镁超钾质火山岩及对南北向裂谷形成时间和切割深度的制约[J].地质学报,2006,80(9):1252~1261.Ding L,Yue Y H,Cai F L,et al.40Ar/39Ar geochronolo-gy,geochemical and Sr-Nd-O isotopic characteristics ofthe high-Mg ultrapotassic rocks in Lhasa block of Tibet:I mplications in the onset ti me and depth of NS-striking riftsystem[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,80(9):1252~1261.
[16]Harrison T M,Copeland,P,Kidd WS F,et al.Raising Ti-bet[J].Science,1992,255:1663~1670.
[17]Kapp J L D,Harrison T M.,Kapp P,et al.Nyainqentangl-ha Shan:A window into the tectonic,thermal,and geo-chemical evolution of the Lhasa block,southern Tibet[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110:B08413,doi:10.1029/2004JB003330.
[18]Zhao WJ,Nelson K D,Project I NDEPTHteam.Deep seis-mic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneathsouthern Tibet[J].Nature,1993,366(6455):557~559.
[19]Kind R,Ni J,Zhao WJ,et al.Evidence from earthquakedata for a partially molten crustal layerin southern Tibet[J].Science,1996,274(5293):1692~1693.
[20]Nelson K D,Zhao WJ,Brown L D,et al.Partially moltenmiddle crust beneath Southern Tibet:synthesis of ProjectI NDEPTHresults[J].Science,1996,274(5293):1684~1688.
[21]李建忠,潘忠习,冯心涛,庄忠海,朱同兴,邹光富.聂拉木地区高喜马拉雅岩石磁组构及其构造含义[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):496~503.LiJ Z,Pan Z X,Feng X T,Zhuang Z H,Zhu T X,Zou G F.Magnetic fabrics and tectonic i mplications of the Higher Hi-malayan rocks in Nyalam,southern Tibet[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):496~503.
[22]李永华,田小波,吴庆举,曾融生,张瑞青.青藏高原I NDE-PTH2Ⅲ剖面地壳厚度与泊松比:地质与地球物理含义[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1037~1044.Li Y H,Tian X B,Wu Q J,Zeng R S,Zhang R Q.ThePoisson ratio and crustal structure of the central Qinghai-Xi-zang inferred fromI NDEPTH-Ⅲteleseismic waveforms:Geological and geophysical i mplications[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1037~1044.
[23]李娟,王卫民,赵连锋,姚振兴.2004年7月11日西藏Mw6.2级地震震源破裂过程研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):843~850.Li J,Wang W M,Zhao L F,Yao Z X.Rupture process ofthe July 11,2004,Tibet(Mw6.2)earthquake[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):843~850.
[24]赵连锋,王卫民,李娟,姚振兴.利用相对静力学强度测定1998年5月11日印度核爆的当量[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1092~1097.Zhao L F,Wang W M,Li J,Yao Z X.Yield esti mation ofthe 11 May 1998 Indian nuclear test using relative staticsource strength[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1092~1097.
[25]朱守彪,蔡永恩,石耀霖.青藏高原及邻区现今地应变率场的计算及其结果的地球动力学意义[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1053~1061.Zhu S B,Cai Y E,Shi Y L.Computation of the present-daystrain rate field of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau andits geo-dynamici mplications[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1053~1061
[1]Zhao L S,Sen M K,Stoffa P,et al.Application of very fastsi mulated annealing to the determination of the crustal struc-ture beneath Tibet[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1996,125:355~370.
[2]王卫民,姚振兴.用转换函数方法研究台湾地区三维深部结构[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5),628~632.Wang W M,Yao Z X.AStudy onthe 3Dcrustal structure be-neath Tai wan by teleseismic transform function method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(5):628~632.
[3]曹忠权,张智,田小波.青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带域岩石密度结构及意义[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):523~528.Cao Z Q,Zhang Z,Tian X B.Rock density structure inBangong-Nujiang suture zone and its significance[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):523~528.
[4]高星,王卫民,姚振兴.中国及邻近地区地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):591~601.Gao X,Wang W M,Yao Z X.Crustal structure of China ma-inland and its adjacent regions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(3):591~601.
[5]周莹.接收台站精细地壳结构的波形反演[硕士论文].北京:中国科学院地球物理研究所,1999.Zhou Y.Waveforminverse for fine crustal structure beneathseismic station[M.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Instituteof Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,1999.
[6]Ingber L.Veryfast si mulated re-annealing[J].Mathl.Com-put.Modelling,1989,12(8):967~973.
[7]朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林,等.中国及邻近陆域海域地球内部三维结构及动力学研究[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(4):497~503.Zhu J S,Cao J M,Cai X L,et al.Studyfor three-di mensionalstructure of earthinterior and geodynamics in China and adja-cent land and sea regions[J].Advance in Earth Sciences(inChinese),2003,18(4):497~503.
[8]刘启元,Kind R,李顺成.中国数字地震台网的接收函数及其非线性反演[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(3):356~367.Liu Q Y,Kind R,Li S C.The receiver functions at the sta-tions of the Chinese digital seismic network(CDSN)and theirnonlinear inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(3):356~367.
[9]Mathews M,Segall P.Statistical inversion of crustal deforma-tion data and esti mation of the depth distribution of slipin the1906 earthquake[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1993,98:12153~12163.
[10]Efron B,Tibshirani J T.An introduction to the Bootstrap[M].New York:Chapman and Hall,1993.
[11]All埁gre C J,Courtillot V,Tapponnier P,et al.Structureand evolution of the Hi malaya-Tibet orogenic belt[J].Na-ture,1984,307(5):17~22.
[12]Dewey J F,Shackleton R M,Chang C F,et al.The tectonicevolution of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Philos.Trans.R.Soc.London,1988,327(A):379~413.
[13]Yin A,Harrison M.Geologic evolution of the Hi malayan-Ti-betan orogen[J].Annu.Rev.Earth Planet Sci.,2000,28:211~280.
[14]丁林,来庆洲.冈底斯地壳碰撞前增厚及隆升的地质证据:岛弧拼贴对青藏高原隆升及扩展历史的制约[J].科学通报,2003,48(8):836~842.
[15]丁林,岳雅慧,蔡福龙,等.西藏拉萨地块高镁超钾质火山岩及对南北向裂谷形成时间和切割深度的制约[J].地质学报,2006,80(9):1252~1261.Ding L,Yue Y H,Cai F L,et al.40Ar/39Ar geochronolo-gy,geochemical and Sr-Nd-O isotopic characteristics ofthe high-Mg ultrapotassic rocks in Lhasa block of Tibet:I mplications in the onset ti me and depth of NS-striking riftsystem[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,80(9):1252~1261.
[16]Harrison T M,Copeland,P,Kidd WS F,et al.Raising Ti-bet[J].Science,1992,255:1663~1670.
[17]Kapp J L D,Harrison T M.,Kapp P,et al.Nyainqentangl-ha Shan:A window into the tectonic,thermal,and geo-chemical evolution of the Lhasa block,southern Tibet[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110:B08413,doi:10.1029/2004JB003330.
[18]Zhao WJ,Nelson K D,Project I NDEPTHteam.Deep seis-mic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneathsouthern Tibet[J].Nature,1993,366(6455):557~559.
[19]Kind R,Ni J,Zhao WJ,et al.Evidence from earthquakedata for a partially molten crustal layerin southern Tibet[J].Science,1996,274(5293):1692~1693.
[20]Nelson K D,Zhao WJ,Brown L D,et al.Partially moltenmiddle crust beneath Southern Tibet:synthesis of ProjectI NDEPTHresults[J].Science,1996,274(5293):1684~1688.
[21]李建忠,潘忠习,冯心涛,庄忠海,朱同兴,邹光富.聂拉木地区高喜马拉雅岩石磁组构及其构造含义[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):496~503.LiJ Z,Pan Z X,Feng X T,Zhuang Z H,Zhu T X,Zou G F.Magnetic fabrics and tectonic i mplications of the Higher Hi-malayan rocks in Nyalam,southern Tibet[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):496~503.
[22]李永华,田小波,吴庆举,曾融生,张瑞青.青藏高原I NDE-PTH2Ⅲ剖面地壳厚度与泊松比:地质与地球物理含义[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1037~1044.Li Y H,Tian X B,Wu Q J,Zeng R S,Zhang R Q.ThePoisson ratio and crustal structure of the central Qinghai-Xi-zang inferred fromI NDEPTH-Ⅲteleseismic waveforms:Geological and geophysical i mplications[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1037~1044.
[23]李娟,王卫民,赵连锋,姚振兴.2004年7月11日西藏Mw6.2级地震震源破裂过程研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):843~850.Li J,Wang W M,Zhao L F,Yao Z X.Rupture process ofthe July 11,2004,Tibet(Mw6.2)earthquake[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):843~850.
[24]赵连锋,王卫民,李娟,姚振兴.利用相对静力学强度测定1998年5月11日印度核爆的当量[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1092~1097.Zhao L F,Wang W M,Li J,Yao Z X.Yield esti mation ofthe 11 May 1998 Indian nuclear test using relative staticsource strength[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1092~1097.
[25]朱守彪,蔡永恩,石耀霖.青藏高原及邻区现今地应变率场的计算及其结果的地球动力学意义[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1053~1061.Zhu S B,Cai Y E,Shi Y L.Computation of the present-daystrain rate field of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau andits geo-dynamici mplications[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1053~1061
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