琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义
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摘要
在高精度的三维地震资料基础上,利用层拉平和相干切片技术,在南海北部琼东南盆地首次发现多边形断层。多边形断层是一种非构造成因的断距微小的张性断层。琼东南盆地深水区的多边形断层长度为150～1500m,间距为150～3000m,断距为10～40m,倾角为50°～90°,发育在3个层位。琼东南盆地可以分为裂谷断陷期和裂后热沉降期两个演化阶段;裂后热沉降期构造断裂不发育,缺乏连接烃源岩和储层的通道,不利的油气疏导系统成为制约该期成藏最主要的因素之一。多边形断层的存在可以有效地解决这个问题,它可作为油气运移的疏导体系,使下部生油层中的油气向上运移成藏,对南海北部裂后热沉降期油气运聚具有重要的意义。
According to 3D high-resolution seismic data, polygonal faults were discovered firstly in Qiongdongnan Basin of the northern continental margin of South China Sea by using the coherent slice and flattening technique. The polygonal fault is tensional fault system with small throws, which is of nontectonic origin. The polygonal fault in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin has a length from 150 meters to 1500 meters, an interval space from 50 meters to 3 000 meters, a fault throw from 10 meters to 40 meters and a dip from 50° to 90° in three layers. Qiongdongnan Basin underwent the syn-rift stage and the post-rift thermal subsidence stage. The tectonic faults were undeveloped in the post-rift stage, which leads to the absence of pathway between source rock and reservoir. The unfavorable migration system is one of the factors restricting oil and gas accumulation in the post-rift stage. The polygonal fault can efficiently serve as the pathway for linking source rock and reservoir to enhance hydrocarbon migration along the polygonal fault. So it is very favorable for oil and gas migration and accumulation in the post-rift stage of the northern South China Sea.
According to 3D high-resolution seismic data, polygonal faults were discovered firstly in Qiongdongnan Basin of the northern continental margin of South China Sea by using the coherent slice and flattening technique. The polygonal fault is tensional fault system with small throws, which is of nontectonic origin. The polygonal fault in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin has a length from 150 meters to 1500 meters, an interval space from 50 meters to 3 000 meters, a fault throw from 10 meters to 40 meters and a dip from 50° to 90° in three layers. Qiongdongnan Basin underwent the syn-rift stage and the post-rift thermal subsidence stage. The tectonic faults were undeveloped in the post-rift stage, which leads to the absence of pathway between source rock and reservoir. The unfavorable migration system is one of the factors restricting oil and gas accumulation in the post-rift stage. The polygonal fault can efficiently serve as the pathway for linking source rock and reservoir to enhance hydrocarbon migration along the polygonal fault. So it is very favorable for oil and gas migration and accumulation in the post-rift stage of the northern South China Sea.
引文
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[2]Hansen D M,Shi meld J W,Williamson M A,et al.Development of a major polygonal fault systemin Upper Cretaceous chalk and Cenozoic mudrocks of the Sable Subbasin,Canadian Atlantic margin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(9):1205-1219.
[3]Lonergan L,Cartwright J,Jolly R.The geometry of polygonal fault systems in Tertiary mudrocks of the North Sea[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1998,20(5):529-548.
[4]Stuevold L M,Faerseth R B,Arnesen L,et al.Polygonal faultsin the Ormen Lange Field,More Basin,offshore Mid Norway[G]∥Polygonal faults and sedi ment mobilization.Geology Society,London,Special Publications,2003,V216:263-281.
[5]Panien M,Moretti I,Calassou S.Analogical model of the deform-ation of sandy submarine channelsin shaly pelagic sedi ments[J].Oil&Gas Science and Technology—Revue de L’IFP,2001,56(4):319-325.
[6]Larter S,Aplin A C,Bowler B,et al.A drain in my graben:An integrated study of the Hei mdal area petroleumsystem[J].Jour-nal of Geochemical Exploration,2000,69-70:619-622.
[7]Victor P,Moretti I.Polygonal fault systems and channel boudi-nage:3Danalysis of multidirectional extensionin analogue sand-box experi ments[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(7):777-789.
[8]Davies R J,Cartwright J A.Kilometer-scale chemical reaction boundary patterns and deformation in sedi mentary rocks[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,262(1/2):125-137.
[9]Trincardi F,Cattaneo A,Correggiari A,et al.Evidence of soft sedi ment deformation,fluid escape,sedi ment failure and regional weaklayers within the late Quaternary mud deposits of the A-driatic Sea[J].Marine Geology,2004,213(1/4):91-119.
[10]Bnz S,Mienert J,Berndt C.Geological controls on the Storegga gas-hydrate system of the mid-Norwegian continental margin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,209(3/4):291-307.
[11]De Paola N,Collettini C,Trippetta F,et al.A mechanical model for complex fault patterns induced by evaporite dehydration and cyclic changes in fluid pressure[J].Journal of Structural Geolo-gy,2007,29(10):1573-1584.
[12]Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,et al.Evidences of early tolate flu-id migration from an upper Miocene turbiditic channel revealed by3D seismic coupled to geochemical sampling within seafloor pockmarks,Lower Congo Basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,2006,23(3):387-399.
[13]Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,et al.Isolated seafloor pockmarks linked to BSRs,fluid chi mneys,polygonal faults and stacked Oli-gocene-Miocene turbiditic palaeochannels in the Lower Congo Basin[J].Marine Geology,2006,226(1/2):25-40.
[14]Cartwright J A,Dewhurst D N.Layer-bound compactionfaultsin fine-grained sedi ments[J].Geological Society of America Bulle-tin,1998,110(10):1242-1257.
[15]Cartwright J,Huuse M.3D seismic technology:The geological‘Hubble’[J].Basin Research,2005,17(1):1-20.
[16]佘德平,曹辉,郭全仕,等.应用三维相干技术进行精细地震解释[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):83-88.She Deping,Cao Hui,Guo Quanshi,et al.3-D coherency cube technique applied to fine interpretation[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2000,39(2):83-88.
[17]张向君,李幼铭,钟吉太,等.三维相干切片断层多边形检测[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,23(4):295-298.Zhang Xiangjun,Li Youming,Zhong Jitai,et al.Fault polygon detecting in3D coherence slice[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2001,23(4):295-298.
[18]罗振丽,张爱敏,丁在宇.相干体技术和图像处理技术在检测断层中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2004,16(3):48-50.Luo Zhenli,Zhang Ai min,Ding Zaiyu.Synthetical application of coherence cube technology andi mage manipulation technologyin fault detection[J].Coal Geology of China,2004,16(3):48-50.
[19]Cartwright J A,Lonergan L.Volumetric contraction during the compaction of mudrocks:A mechanismfor the development of re-gional-scale polygonal fault systems[J].Basin Research,1996,8(2):183-193.
[20]朱伟林,张功成,高乐.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):1-9.Zhu Weilin,Zhang Gongcheng,Gao Le.Geological characteristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern conti-nental margin basin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):1-9.
[21]Dewhursta D N,Cartwright J A,Lonergan L.The development of polygonal fault systems by syneresis of colloidal sedi ments[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1999,16(8):793-810.
[22]Hansen D M,Cartwright J.The three-di mensional geometry and growth of forcedfolds above saucer-shapedigneous sills[J].Jour-nal of Structural Geology,2006,28(8):1520-1535.
[23]Hustoft S,Mienert J,Bnz S,et al.High-resolution3D-seismicdata indicate focussed fluid migration pathways above polygonal fault systems of the mid-Norwegian margin[J].Marine Geology,2007,245(1/4):89-106.
[24]何仕斌,张功成,米立军,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地深水区储层类型及沉积演化[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):51-56.He Shibin,Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,et al.Reservoir type and sedi mentary evolution in the continental margin deep water area of the northern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):51-56.
[25]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Wu Shiguo,et al.Deepwater are-a——the new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.
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