塔里木盆地东河砂岩沉积期次及油气勘探
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摘要
东河砂岩是塔里木盆地晚泥盆世—早石炭世一套穿时的岩石地层单元,是盆地重要的含油层系。应用层序地层学理论,以露头、钻井和地震资料为基础,分析了东河砂岩的地层展布模式、沉积前古地貌特征、砂岩发育期次、沉积环境演化和砂岩分布规律。结果表明,东河砂岩是海侵背景下从西南向东北,即依次由麦盖提斜坡、巴楚凸起向塔中凸起、塔北隆起超覆的沉积砂体;东河砂岩沉积前古地貌有两隆两凹的特征;由早到晚可划分为5期砂体。第1期砂体主要分布在麦盖提斜坡和巴楚凸起,第2期砂体主要分布在巴楚凸起和塔中凸起,第3期砂体主要分布在塔中凸起和塔北隆起,第4期砂体主要分布在塔北隆起,第5期砂体主要分布在塔北隆起及塔东低凸起周缘。东河砂岩的岩相主要有砂砾岩、粗砂岩、中砂岩和细砂岩,沉积环境主要为河口湾和滨岸环境。由于不同地区、不同期次砂体的沉积特征、储盖组合及成藏条件不同,对不同地区和不同期次砂体需采用不同的油气勘探对策。
Donghe sandstone is the diachronous stratigraphical unit from the Late Devonian to the Early Carboniferous and controls the distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs in Tarim Basin.The evolvement of sedimentary conditions and distribution rules of Donghe sandstone were analyzed by applying the sequence stratigraphic theory,according to the data of outcrops,drilling and seism.The sedimentary pattern was resulted from overlapping of Tazhong Uplift and Tabei Uplift under the condition of transgression.The sedimentation of Donghe sandstone can be divided into five periods.The sediment of sandstone in the first period distributes in Maigaiti Slope and Bachu Uplift.The sediment of sandstone in the second period is mainly in the low heave of Bachu Uplift and Tazhong Uplift.The sediment of sandstone in the third period is mostly in the Tazhong Uplift and Tabei Uplift.The forth sediment of sandstone is in Tabei Uplift,and the fifth one distributes mainly in Tabei Uplift and around the periphery of Tadong Low Uplift.The Donghe sandstone bodies have various lithofacies such as glutenite,gritstone,medium-sandstone and fine-sandstone.The sedimentary environment mainly include shore and river estuary.The sandstone bodies in the different period differ from each other in sedimentary characteristics of reservoir-seal combination and pool-forming conditions.The different patterns of hydrocarbon exploration should be taken in the different sediment period of sandstone bodies and different areas.
Donghe sandstone is the diachronous stratigraphical unit from the Late Devonian to the Early Carboniferous and controls the distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs in Tarim Basin.The evolvement of sedimentary conditions and distribution rules of Donghe sandstone were analyzed by applying the sequence stratigraphic theory,according to the data of outcrops,drilling and seism.The sedimentary pattern was resulted from overlapping of Tazhong Uplift and Tabei Uplift under the condition of transgression.The sedimentation of Donghe sandstone can be divided into five periods.The sediment of sandstone in the first period distributes in Maigaiti Slope and Bachu Uplift.The sediment of sandstone in the second period is mainly in the low heave of Bachu Uplift and Tazhong Uplift.The sediment of sandstone in the third period is mostly in the Tazhong Uplift and Tabei Uplift.The forth sediment of sandstone is in Tabei Uplift,and the fifth one distributes mainly in Tabei Uplift and around the periphery of Tadong Low Uplift.The Donghe sandstone bodies have various lithofacies such as glutenite,gritstone,medium-sandstone and fine-sandstone.The sedimentary environment mainly include shore and river estuary.The sandstone bodies in the different period differ from each other in sedimentary characteristics of reservoir-seal combination and pool-forming conditions.The different patterns of hydrocarbon exploration should be taken in the different sediment period of sandstone bodies and different areas.
引文
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[14]朱筱敏,张强,吕雪雁,等.塔里木盆地塔北与塔中地区东河砂岩段沉积特征对比[J].中国地质,2005,32(4):648-654.Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Qiang,LüXueyan,et al.Comparison of the sedimentary characteristics of the Donghe sandstone section be-tween the Tabei and Tazhong areas,Tarim Basin[J].Geology inChina,2005,32(4):648-654.
[15]陈国俊,王志勇,薛莲花,等.塔里木地区石炭纪沉积序列与海平面变化[J].新疆地质,2000,18(2):141-147.Chen Guojun,Wang Zhiyong,Xue Lianhua,et al.Sedimentary se-quence and the sea level changing of Carboniferous in Tarimre-gion[J].Xinjiang Geology,2000,18(2):141-147.
[16]陈新军,谢其山,邢作云,等.塔中地区石炭系层序地层分析与沉积相研究[J].新疆地质,2004,22(2):187-190.Chen Xinjun,Xie Qishan,Xing Zuoyun,et al.Sequence stratigra-phy analysis and study on sedimentary facies of Carboniferous in Central-Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2004,22(2):187-190.
[17]郭建华,曾允孚,翟永红,等.塔中地区石炭系东河砂岩层序地层研究[J].沉积学报,1996,14(2):56-64.Guo Jianhua,Zeng Yunfu,Zhai Yonghong,et al.Research on se-quence stratigraphy of Carboniferous Donghe sandstone in Cen-tral-Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):56-64.
[18]顾家峪,张兴阳,郭彬程.塔里木盆地东河砂岩沉积和储层特征及综合分析[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):285-294.Gu Jiayu,Zhang Xingyang,Guo Bincheng.Characteristics of sedi-mentation and reservoir of the Donghe Sandstone in Tarim Basin and their synthetic analysis[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(3):285-294.
[19]郭建华,吴智勇,翟永红,等.塔中4井区东河砂岩段中的河口湾沉积[J].江汉石油学院学报,1995,17(4):5-11.Guo Jianhua,Wu Zhiyong,Zhai Yonghong,et al.Estuary sedi-mentary system of Carboniferous Donghe Sand in Tazhong4Well Area[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1995,17(4):5-11.
[20]蒋裕强,王兴志,周新源,等.和田河气田石炭系沉积相特征与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):342-346.Jiang Yuqiang,Wang Xingzhi,Zhou Xinyuan,et al.Characteris-tics and evolution of Carboniferous sedimentary facies in Hetian River Gasfield[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2001,22(4):342-346.
[21]吴因业,顾家裕,Cedric G,等.塔里木盆地满西区块强制海退体系域沉积模式[J].石油学报,2003,24(4):21-25.Wu Yinye,Gu Jiayu,Cedric G,et al.Depositional model for forced regressive systems tract of Manxi Block in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(4):21-25.
[22]齐永安,李凯琦.塔里木盆地晚泥盆世东河塘组河口湾相遗迹化石[J].古生物学报,2003,42(2):277-283.Qi Yong’an,Li Kaiqi.Trace fossils from estuarine facies of Donghetang Formation(Upper Devonian),Tarim Basin[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,2003,42(2):277-283.
[23]王招明,田军,申银民,等.塔里木盆地晚泥盆世—早石炭世东河砂岩沉积相[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):289-296.Wang Zhaoming,Tian Jun,Shen Yinmin,et al.Sedimentary faci-es of Donghe Sandstone during the Late Devonian to Early Car-boniferous in TarimBasin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(3):289-296.
[24]张惠良,张荣虎,李勇,等.塔里木盆地群苦恰克地区泥盆系东河塘组下段储层特征及控制因素[J].新疆地质2006,24(4):412-417.Zhang Huiliang,Zhang Ronghu,Li Yong,et al.Characteristic and control factor of the Lower Donghetang Group reservoir of the Devonian in Qunkuqiake area,the Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2006,24(4):412-417.
[25]钟大康,朱筱敏,周新源,等.塔里木盆地中部泥盆系东河砂岩成岩作用与储集性能控制因素[J].古地理学报,2003,5(3):378-390.Zhong Dakang,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhou Xinyuan,et al.Diagenesis and controlling factors of reservoir quality of Devonian Donghe sand-stones in central Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(3):378-390.
[2]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:205-232.Jia Chengzao.The structural character and hydrocarbon reser-voirs of Tarim Basin in China[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1997:205-232.
[3]康玉柱.中国塔里木盆地石油地质文集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:3-4.Kang Yuzhu.The collection of essays on petroleum geology of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996:3-4.
[4]王秋明,张纪易.塔里木盆地四十年油气勘探的回顾与展望:塔里木盆地油气勘探论文集[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1992:1-16.Wang Qiuming,Zhang Jiyi.A review and prospect of hydrocar-bon exploration of forty years in Tarim Basin:The collection of essays on hydrocarbon explorationin Tarim Basin[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science,Technology and Sanitation Publishing House,1992:1-16.
[5]赵治信.塔里木盆地覆盖区井下石炭纪—早二叠世生物群及地层划分[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:1-7.Zhao Zhixin.The Carboniferous-the Early Permian biota and stratigraphical divisionin coverage area of Tarim Basin[M].Bei-jing:Science Press,1996:1-7.
[6]赵治信,白顺良.塔里木泥盆—石炭系界线化学—生物地层学对比[M]//李茂松.岩石圈地质科学:(四).北京:地震出版社,1996:94-100.Zhao Zhixin,Bai Shunliang.The chemistry-biotic stratigraphical correlation on the boundary of the Devonian-Carboniferous in Tarimbasin[M]//Li Maosong.Lithospheric geoscience:Ⅳ.Bei-jing:Earthquake Publishing House,1996:94-100.
[7]朱怀诚,张师本,罗辉,等.塔里木盆地泥盆系—石炭系界线研究新进展[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(增刊):370-372.Zhu Huaicheng,Zhang Shiben,Luo Hui,et al.New advances in the study of the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2000,24(Supplement):370-372.
[8]刘静江.塔中45井泥盆纪鱼类化石的发现及东河砂岩的时代[J].新疆石油地质,1998,19(2):140.Liu Jingjiang.Discovery of Devonian fish fossil in Well Tazhong45and age of“Donghe Sandstone”[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geol-ogy,1998,19(2):140.
[9]朱怀诚,罗辉,王启飞,等.论塔里木盆地“东河砂岩”的地质时代[J].地层学杂志,2002,26(3):197-201.Zhu Huaicheng,Luo Hui,Wang Qifei,et al.The age of the Donghe sandstone in the Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Stratigra-phy,2002,26(3):197-201.
[10]丁道桂,汤良杰.塔里木盆地形成与演化[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1996:243-244.Ding Daogui,Tang Liangjie.Formation and evolution of the Tar-im Basin[M].Nanjing:Hehai University Press,1996:243-244.
[11]申银民,孙玉善,顾桥元,等.塔里木盆地哈得逊地区下石炭统薄层砂体沉积层序与砂体预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):43-45.Shen Yinmin,Sun Yushan,Gu Qiaoyuan,et al.Lower Carbonif-erous sediment sequence and sandbody forecastingin Hade area,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(2):43-45.
[12]杨松岭,高增海,赵秀岐.塔里木盆地东河砂岩层序特征与分布规律[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(1):35-37.Yang Songling,Gao Zenghai,Zhao Xiuqi.The characteristic and distribution of Donghe Sand-stone sequences in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2002,23(1):35-37.
[13]朱如凯,罗平,罗忠.塔里木盆地晚泥盆世及石炭纪岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2002,4(1):13-24.Zhu Rukai,Luo Ping,Luo Zhong.Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Devonian and Carboniferous in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2002,4(1):13-24.
[14]朱筱敏,张强,吕雪雁,等.塔里木盆地塔北与塔中地区东河砂岩段沉积特征对比[J].中国地质,2005,32(4):648-654.Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Qiang,LüXueyan,et al.Comparison of the sedimentary characteristics of the Donghe sandstone section be-tween the Tabei and Tazhong areas,Tarim Basin[J].Geology inChina,2005,32(4):648-654.
[15]陈国俊,王志勇,薛莲花,等.塔里木地区石炭纪沉积序列与海平面变化[J].新疆地质,2000,18(2):141-147.Chen Guojun,Wang Zhiyong,Xue Lianhua,et al.Sedimentary se-quence and the sea level changing of Carboniferous in Tarimre-gion[J].Xinjiang Geology,2000,18(2):141-147.
[16]陈新军,谢其山,邢作云,等.塔中地区石炭系层序地层分析与沉积相研究[J].新疆地质,2004,22(2):187-190.Chen Xinjun,Xie Qishan,Xing Zuoyun,et al.Sequence stratigra-phy analysis and study on sedimentary facies of Carboniferous in Central-Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2004,22(2):187-190.
[17]郭建华,曾允孚,翟永红,等.塔中地区石炭系东河砂岩层序地层研究[J].沉积学报,1996,14(2):56-64.Guo Jianhua,Zeng Yunfu,Zhai Yonghong,et al.Research on se-quence stratigraphy of Carboniferous Donghe sandstone in Cen-tral-Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):56-64.
[18]顾家峪,张兴阳,郭彬程.塔里木盆地东河砂岩沉积和储层特征及综合分析[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):285-294.Gu Jiayu,Zhang Xingyang,Guo Bincheng.Characteristics of sedi-mentation and reservoir of the Donghe Sandstone in Tarim Basin and their synthetic analysis[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(3):285-294.
[19]郭建华,吴智勇,翟永红,等.塔中4井区东河砂岩段中的河口湾沉积[J].江汉石油学院学报,1995,17(4):5-11.Guo Jianhua,Wu Zhiyong,Zhai Yonghong,et al.Estuary sedi-mentary system of Carboniferous Donghe Sand in Tazhong4Well Area[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1995,17(4):5-11.
[20]蒋裕强,王兴志,周新源,等.和田河气田石炭系沉积相特征与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):342-346.Jiang Yuqiang,Wang Xingzhi,Zhou Xinyuan,et al.Characteris-tics and evolution of Carboniferous sedimentary facies in Hetian River Gasfield[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2001,22(4):342-346.
[21]吴因业,顾家裕,Cedric G,等.塔里木盆地满西区块强制海退体系域沉积模式[J].石油学报,2003,24(4):21-25.Wu Yinye,Gu Jiayu,Cedric G,et al.Depositional model for forced regressive systems tract of Manxi Block in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(4):21-25.
[22]齐永安,李凯琦.塔里木盆地晚泥盆世东河塘组河口湾相遗迹化石[J].古生物学报,2003,42(2):277-283.Qi Yong’an,Li Kaiqi.Trace fossils from estuarine facies of Donghetang Formation(Upper Devonian),Tarim Basin[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,2003,42(2):277-283.
[23]王招明,田军,申银民,等.塔里木盆地晚泥盆世—早石炭世东河砂岩沉积相[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):289-296.Wang Zhaoming,Tian Jun,Shen Yinmin,et al.Sedimentary faci-es of Donghe Sandstone during the Late Devonian to Early Car-boniferous in TarimBasin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(3):289-296.
[24]张惠良,张荣虎,李勇,等.塔里木盆地群苦恰克地区泥盆系东河塘组下段储层特征及控制因素[J].新疆地质2006,24(4):412-417.Zhang Huiliang,Zhang Ronghu,Li Yong,et al.Characteristic and control factor of the Lower Donghetang Group reservoir of the Devonian in Qunkuqiake area,the Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2006,24(4):412-417.
[25]钟大康,朱筱敏,周新源,等.塔里木盆地中部泥盆系东河砂岩成岩作用与储集性能控制因素[J].古地理学报,2003,5(3):378-390.Zhong Dakang,Zhu Xiaomin,Zhou Xinyuan,et al.Diagenesis and controlling factors of reservoir quality of Devonian Donghe sand-stones in central Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(3):378-390.
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