南海中北部陆架-陆坡区新生代构造-沉积演化
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摘要
南海中北部陆架-陆坡区作为南海地区的一个重要地质构造单元,记录了大陆张裂到海盆扩张的丰富信息。通过对研究区地震剖面的解释,分析了该地区新生代的构造与沉积特征,同时通过平衡剖面恢复工作,建立了新生代演化模型。研究显示南海中北部陆架-陆坡区新生代构造演化可以分为三个阶段:古新世—始新世的裂陷阶段、渐新世—早中新世的裂陷-坳陷过渡阶段以及中中新世以来的坳陷阶段。沉积环境经历了河流-湖泊、浅海和深海的演化过程。南海北部陆缘下NW-SE方向流动的地幔流的存在使得伸展活动具有由北向南发育的机制。同时陆坡区盆地(如白云凹陷)显示出韧性伸展的特征,这与地幔上涌热岩石圈伸展引起的该区域地壳强烈韧性减薄和颈缩变形相关。
The middle part of the northern continental shelf-slope region lies in the south of the Pearl River Basin.As an important structure unit of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea,it has experienced multiphase tectonic events and bears a thinned crust,upon which Cenozoic rifted-depressions with great hydrocarbon potential are developed.Several seismic profiles crossing the study area are introduced in this article.Based on the interpretations and balanced cross-section restorations of these profiles,combined with structural geology,a Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary model is established.The results show that three stages can be proposed for this region:the rift stage from Paleocene to Eocene,the rift-depression stage from Oligocene to the Early Miocene,and the depression stage after the Middle Miocene.The sedimentation environment transformed from the fluvial and lake facies to the shallow sea facies,and finally to the deep sea facies.The existence of NW-SE direction mantle flow under the continental crust in the north continental margin of South China Sea made the extension activities migrate from north to south.Results also show that the depressions(such as the Baiyun Sag)on the continental slope are featured by ductile deformation.It appears to be caused by the ductile thinning and necking of the crust in response to hot lithopheric stretching,together with mantle upwelling.
The middle part of the northern continental shelf-slope region lies in the south of the Pearl River Basin.As an important structure unit of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea,it has experienced multiphase tectonic events and bears a thinned crust,upon which Cenozoic rifted-depressions with great hydrocarbon potential are developed.Several seismic profiles crossing the study area are introduced in this article.Based on the interpretations and balanced cross-section restorations of these profiles,combined with structural geology,a Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary model is established.The results show that three stages can be proposed for this region:the rift stage from Paleocene to Eocene,the rift-depression stage from Oligocene to the Early Miocene,and the depression stage after the Middle Miocene.The sedimentation environment transformed from the fluvial and lake facies to the shallow sea facies,and finally to the deep sea facies.The existence of NW-SE direction mantle flow under the continental crust in the north continental margin of South China Sea made the extension activities migrate from north to south.Results also show that the depressions(such as the Baiyun Sag)on the continental slope are featured by ductile deformation.It appears to be caused by the ductile thinning and necking of the crust in response to hot lithopheric stretching,together with mantle upwelling.
引文
Ding Weiwei,Chen Hanlin,Yang Shufeng,et al.2002.Geological andgeophysical analysis of the southwestern and eastern sub-basins,South China Sea[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,8(3):268-279.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gong Zaisheng,Li Sitian,Xie Taijun,et al.1997.Basin Analysis andHydrocarbon Accumulation in the Continental Margin,South ChinaSea[M].Beijing:Science Press,63-186.(in Chinese)
Hao Yichun,Xu Yulin,Xu Shice,et al.1996.Tertiary Microfossils andPaleooceanography Analysis of the Pearl River Basin,South ChinaSea[M].Beijing:China University of Geosciences Press.1-136.(inChinese)
Holloway N H.1982.North Palawan block,Philipp Isles—Its relation toAsian mainland and role in evolution of South China Sea[J].AAPGBulletin,66(9):1355-1383.
Huang Chunju,Zhou Di,Chen Changming,et al.2005.Deep crustalstructure of Baiyun Sag,northern South China Sea revealed fromdeep seicmic reflection profile[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(10):1024-1031.
Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.1995.The Ailao Shan-RedRiver Shear Zone(Yunan,China),Tertiary transform boundary ofIndochina[J].Tectonophysics,251:183-190.
Li Jiaobiao.2005.Evolution of China's Marginal Seas and Its Effects onNatural Resources[M].Beijing:Ocean Press.228-268.(in Chinese)
Li Mingbi,Jin Xianglong,Chu Fengyou,et al.2002.Sequence divisionand sedimentary evolution of Cenozoic in the middle Shenhu-YitongAnsha Uplift[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,20(4):545-551.(inChinese with English abstract)
Li Mingbi,Jin Xianglong,Li Jiabiao,et al.2005.Miocene deposition andpaleo-slope evolvement of the middle part of northern continentalslope in the South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,27(3):73-79.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li C F,Zhou Z Y,Li J B,et al.2007.Structure of the northeasternmostSouth China Sea continental margin and ocean basin:geophysicalconstraints and tectonic implications[J].Marginal GeophysicalResearch,28:59-79.
Lüdmann T and Wong H K.1999.Neotectonic regime on thepassive continental margin of the northern South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,311:113-138.
Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Peng Dajun,et al.2006.The Pearl RiverDeep-Water Fan System and Petroleum in South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press.142-190.
Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Shi Hesheng,et al.2005.Responsebetween relative sea-level change and the Pearl River deep-waterfan system in the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,12(3):167-175.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Peng Dajun,Pang Xion,Chen Changmin,et al.2005.From shallow-water shelf to deep-water slope—the study on deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Acta Sedimeniologica Sinica,23(1):1-11.(inChinese with English abstract)
Qin Guoquan.2002.Late Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy and sea-levelchanges in Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].ChinaOffshore Oil and Gas(Geology),16(1):1-10.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Ru K,Pigott J D.1986.Episodic rifting and subsidence in the SouthChina Sea[J].AAPG Bull.,70(9):1136-1155.
Shi X,Qiu X L,Xia K Y,et al.2003.Characteristics of the surface heatflow in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,22(3):265-277.
Sun Zhen,Pang Xiong,Zhong Zhihong,et al.2005.Dynamics of Tertiarytectonic evolution of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,12(4):489-498.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Tapponnier P,Lacassin R,Leloup P H,et a1.1990.The Ailao Shan-RedRiver metamorphic belt:Tertiary leftlateral shear between Indochinaand South China[J].Nature,243:43l-437.
Taylor B and Hayes D E.1983.Origin and history of South ChinaSea Basin[M]//Hayes D E.Tectonic and Geologic Evolution ofSoutheast Asian Seas and Islands,Part 2,Geophys.Monogr.27,Washington D.C.AGU,23-56.
Wu Shimin,Yang Tian,Zhou Di,et al.2001.Tectonic setting of theNorth Margin of South China Sea[J].Geological Journal of ChinaUniversities,7(4):419-426.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu Shimin,Yang Tian,Zhou Di,et al.2005.Discussion on the extensionmodel for the conjugate continental margin of South China Sea[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,(11)1:105-110.(inChinese with English abstract)
Zhang Jian and Song Haibin.2001.The thermal structure of mainsedimentary basins in the northern margin of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Geomechanics,7(3):238-244.(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhang Jian and Wang Jiyang.2000.Deep thermal characteristics inthe northern margin of the South China Sea[J].Chinese ScienceBulletin,45(10):1095-1100.
Zhang Jian,Xiong Liangping and Wang Jiyang.2001.Characteristicsand mechanism of geodynamic evolution of the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,44(4):602-610.
Zhang Yunfan,Sun Zhen,Zhou Di,et al.2007.Stretching characteristicsand its dynamic significance of the northern continental marginof South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),37(12):1609-1616.(in Chinese)
Zhou D,Ru K and Chen H Z.1995.Kinematics of Cenozoic extension onthe South China Sea continental margin and its implications for thetectonic evolution of the region[J].Tectonophysics,251(1):161-177.
丁巍伟,陈汉林,杨树锋,等.2002.南海西南次海盆与东部次海盆地质与地球物理分析[J].高校地质学报,8(3):268-279.
龚再生,李思田,谢泰俊,等.1997.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,63-186.
郝诒纯,徐钰林,许仕策,等.1996.南海珠江口盆地第三纪微体古生物及古海洋学研究[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1-136.
黄春菊,周蒂,陈长民,等.2005.深反射地震剖面所揭示的白云凹陷的深部地壳结构[J].科学通报,50(10):1024-1031.
黎明碧,金翔龙,初凤友,等.2002.神狐—一统暗沙隆起中部新生代地层层序划分及沉积演化[J].沉积学报,20(4):545-551.
黎明碧,金翔龙,李家彪,等.2005.南海中北部中新世陆坡区凹陷沉积与古陆坡形态演变[J].海洋学报,27(3):73-79.
李家彪.2005.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应[M].北京:海洋出版社,228-268.
庞雄,陈长民,彭大均,等.2006.南海珠江深水扇系统及油气[M].北京:科学出版社,142-190.
庞雄,陈长民,施和生,等.2005.相对海平面变化与南海珠江深水扇系统的响应[J].地学前缘,12(3):167-175.
彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.2005.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡——南海深海扇系统的研究[J].沉积学报,23(1):1-11.
秦国权.2002.珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层划分和海平面变化[J].中国海上油气(地质),16(1):1-10.
孙珍,庞雄,钟志洪,等.2005.珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学[J].地学前缘,12(4):489-498.
吴世敏,杨恬,周蒂,等.2001.南海北部陆源的构造属性问题[J].高校地质学报,7(4):419-426.
吴世敏,杨恬,周蒂,等.2005.南海南北共轭陆缘伸展模型探讨[J].高校地质学报,(11)1:105-110.
张健,宋海斌.2001.南海北部大陆架盆地热结构[J].地质力学学报,7(3):238-244.
张健,汪集旸.2000.南海北部大陆边缘深部地热特征[J].科学通报,45(10):1095-1100.
张健,熊亮萍,汪集旸.2001.南海深部地球动力学特征及其演化机制[J].地球物理学报,44(4):602-610.
张云帆,孙珍,周蒂,等.2007.南海北部陆缘新生代地壳减薄特征及其动力学意义[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,37(12):1609-1616.
Gong Zaisheng,Li Sitian,Xie Taijun,et al.1997.Basin Analysis andHydrocarbon Accumulation in the Continental Margin,South ChinaSea[M].Beijing:Science Press,63-186.(in Chinese)
Hao Yichun,Xu Yulin,Xu Shice,et al.1996.Tertiary Microfossils andPaleooceanography Analysis of the Pearl River Basin,South ChinaSea[M].Beijing:China University of Geosciences Press.1-136.(inChinese)
Holloway N H.1982.North Palawan block,Philipp Isles—Its relation toAsian mainland and role in evolution of South China Sea[J].AAPGBulletin,66(9):1355-1383.
Huang Chunju,Zhou Di,Chen Changming,et al.2005.Deep crustalstructure of Baiyun Sag,northern South China Sea revealed fromdeep seicmic reflection profile[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(10):1024-1031.
Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.1995.The Ailao Shan-RedRiver Shear Zone(Yunan,China),Tertiary transform boundary ofIndochina[J].Tectonophysics,251:183-190.
Li Jiaobiao.2005.Evolution of China's Marginal Seas and Its Effects onNatural Resources[M].Beijing:Ocean Press.228-268.(in Chinese)
Li Mingbi,Jin Xianglong,Chu Fengyou,et al.2002.Sequence divisionand sedimentary evolution of Cenozoic in the middle Shenhu-YitongAnsha Uplift[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,20(4):545-551.(inChinese with English abstract)
Li Mingbi,Jin Xianglong,Li Jiabiao,et al.2005.Miocene deposition andpaleo-slope evolvement of the middle part of northern continentalslope in the South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,27(3):73-79.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li C F,Zhou Z Y,Li J B,et al.2007.Structure of the northeasternmostSouth China Sea continental margin and ocean basin:geophysicalconstraints and tectonic implications[J].Marginal GeophysicalResearch,28:59-79.
Lüdmann T and Wong H K.1999.Neotectonic regime on thepassive continental margin of the northern South China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,311:113-138.
Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Peng Dajun,et al.2006.The Pearl RiverDeep-Water Fan System and Petroleum in South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press.142-190.
Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Shi Hesheng,et al.2005.Responsebetween relative sea-level change and the Pearl River deep-waterfan system in the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,12(3):167-175.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Peng Dajun,Pang Xion,Chen Changmin,et al.2005.From shallow-water shelf to deep-water slope—the study on deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Acta Sedimeniologica Sinica,23(1):1-11.(inChinese with English abstract)
Qin Guoquan.2002.Late Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy and sea-levelchanges in Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].ChinaOffshore Oil and Gas(Geology),16(1):1-10.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Ru K,Pigott J D.1986.Episodic rifting and subsidence in the SouthChina Sea[J].AAPG Bull.,70(9):1136-1155.
Shi X,Qiu X L,Xia K Y,et al.2003.Characteristics of the surface heatflow in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,22(3):265-277.
Sun Zhen,Pang Xiong,Zhong Zhihong,et al.2005.Dynamics of Tertiarytectonic evolution of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,12(4):489-498.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Tapponnier P,Lacassin R,Leloup P H,et a1.1990.The Ailao Shan-RedRiver metamorphic belt:Tertiary leftlateral shear between Indochinaand South China[J].Nature,243:43l-437.
Taylor B and Hayes D E.1983.Origin and history of South ChinaSea Basin[M]//Hayes D E.Tectonic and Geologic Evolution ofSoutheast Asian Seas and Islands,Part 2,Geophys.Monogr.27,Washington D.C.AGU,23-56.
Wu Shimin,Yang Tian,Zhou Di,et al.2001.Tectonic setting of theNorth Margin of South China Sea[J].Geological Journal of ChinaUniversities,7(4):419-426.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu Shimin,Yang Tian,Zhou Di,et al.2005.Discussion on the extensionmodel for the conjugate continental margin of South China Sea[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,(11)1:105-110.(inChinese with English abstract)
Zhang Jian and Song Haibin.2001.The thermal structure of mainsedimentary basins in the northern margin of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Geomechanics,7(3):238-244.(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhang Jian and Wang Jiyang.2000.Deep thermal characteristics inthe northern margin of the South China Sea[J].Chinese ScienceBulletin,45(10):1095-1100.
Zhang Jian,Xiong Liangping and Wang Jiyang.2001.Characteristicsand mechanism of geodynamic evolution of the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,44(4):602-610.
Zhang Yunfan,Sun Zhen,Zhou Di,et al.2007.Stretching characteristicsand its dynamic significance of the northern continental marginof South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),37(12):1609-1616.(in Chinese)
Zhou D,Ru K and Chen H Z.1995.Kinematics of Cenozoic extension onthe South China Sea continental margin and its implications for thetectonic evolution of the region[J].Tectonophysics,251(1):161-177.
丁巍伟,陈汉林,杨树锋,等.2002.南海西南次海盆与东部次海盆地质与地球物理分析[J].高校地质学报,8(3):268-279.
龚再生,李思田,谢泰俊,等.1997.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,63-186.
郝诒纯,徐钰林,许仕策,等.1996.南海珠江口盆地第三纪微体古生物及古海洋学研究[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1-136.
黄春菊,周蒂,陈长民,等.2005.深反射地震剖面所揭示的白云凹陷的深部地壳结构[J].科学通报,50(10):1024-1031.
黎明碧,金翔龙,初凤友,等.2002.神狐—一统暗沙隆起中部新生代地层层序划分及沉积演化[J].沉积学报,20(4):545-551.
黎明碧,金翔龙,李家彪,等.2005.南海中北部中新世陆坡区凹陷沉积与古陆坡形态演变[J].海洋学报,27(3):73-79.
李家彪.2005.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应[M].北京:海洋出版社,228-268.
庞雄,陈长民,彭大均,等.2006.南海珠江深水扇系统及油气[M].北京:科学出版社,142-190.
庞雄,陈长民,施和生,等.2005.相对海平面变化与南海珠江深水扇系统的响应[J].地学前缘,12(3):167-175.
彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.2005.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡——南海深海扇系统的研究[J].沉积学报,23(1):1-11.
秦国权.2002.珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层划分和海平面变化[J].中国海上油气(地质),16(1):1-10.
孙珍,庞雄,钟志洪,等.2005.珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学[J].地学前缘,12(4):489-498.
吴世敏,杨恬,周蒂,等.2001.南海北部陆源的构造属性问题[J].高校地质学报,7(4):419-426.
吴世敏,杨恬,周蒂,等.2005.南海南北共轭陆缘伸展模型探讨[J].高校地质学报,(11)1:105-110.
张健,宋海斌.2001.南海北部大陆架盆地热结构[J].地质力学学报,7(3):238-244.
张健,汪集旸.2000.南海北部大陆边缘深部地热特征[J].科学通报,45(10):1095-1100.
张健,熊亮萍,汪集旸.2001.南海深部地球动力学特征及其演化机制[J].地球物理学报,44(4):602-610.
张云帆,孙珍,周蒂,等.2007.南海北部陆缘新生代地壳减薄特征及其动力学意义[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,37(12):1609-1616.
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