东海陆坡不同类型海底峡谷的分布构造响应
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摘要
利用1997—2001年在东海海域获得的多波束全覆盖测深数据和收集的部分高分辨率单道地震剖面,对东海陆坡海底峡谷的地形要素,如长度、弯曲度、平均坡度、剖面特征、头部和末端的水深等进行了详细的分析和统计。根据平面形态将海底峡谷划分为3种类型:直线型、蛇曲型和树枝型。海底峡谷主要分布于中段和南段的东海陆坡之上,平面形态特征总体上自北向南趋于复杂(直线型→蛇曲型→树枝型),规模逐渐增大,不同平面类型代表了峡谷不同的演化阶段。峡谷的分布格局和变化趋势主要受控于冲绳海槽扩张背景下的构造活动。
Topographical features such as the length,the bending level,the mean slope,the profile character and the water depth at the head and the tail of the submarine canyons on the East China Sea Slope were studied based on the multibeam bathymetric data acquired in the East China Sea from 1997 to 2001 and the collection of single-channel seismic profiles with high resolution.In morphology,three types of submarine canyons were recognized,which are linear,meandering and dendritic.They are mainly distributed on the middle and the southern segments of the slope.Their morphology tends generally to become complicated(linear→meadering→dendritic) and their scale increases graduallyfrom north to south.Different types of canyons represent different evolutionary stages.The distribution pattern and the changing tendency of the canyons are mainly controlled by the tectonic activities related to the spreading of the Okinawa Trough.
Topographical features such as the length,the bending level,the mean slope,the profile character and the water depth at the head and the tail of the submarine canyons on the East China Sea Slope were studied based on the multibeam bathymetric data acquired in the East China Sea from 1997 to 2001 and the collection of single-channel seismic profiles with high resolution.In morphology,three types of submarine canyons were recognized,which are linear,meandering and dendritic.They are mainly distributed on the middle and the southern segments of the slope.Their morphology tends generally to become complicated(linear→meadering→dendritic) and their scale increases graduallyfrom north to south.Different types of canyons represent different evolutionary stages.The distribution pattern and the changing tendency of the canyons are mainly controlled by the tectonic activities related to the spreading of the Okinawa Trough.
引文
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[14]YU F,ZHANG J Y,GUO B H,et al.Some phenomena of the Kuroshio Intrusion into shelf area and the shelf circulation of the ast Chi-na Sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2002,20(3):21-28.于非,臧家业,郭炳火,等.黑潮水入侵东海陆架及陆架环流的若干现象[J].海洋科学进展,2002,20(3):21-28.
[15]CHAO S Y.Circulation of the East China Sea,a numerical study[J].Journal of the Oceanographic Society of Japan,1990,46:273-295.
[16]HIROSHI Ujiié.Late Quaternary course changes of the Kuroshio current in the Ryukyu Arc region,northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Miaropaleontology,1999,37:23-40.
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[18]LIU Z C,LIU B H,HUANG Z Z,et al.Topography in offshore and adjacent sea areas of China[M].Beingjing:Ocean Press,2005:142-170.刘忠臣,刘保华,黄振宗,等.中国近海及邻近海域地形地貌[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:142-170.
[19]YU H S,HONG E.The Huapinghsu channel/canyon system on northeastern Taiwan:morphology,sediment character and origin[J].Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,1993,4(3):307-319.
[20]WANG S T,LIANG S S.Geological tectonic characteristics and evolution of the Okinawa Trough Basin[J].Marine Geology&Quater-nary Geology,1986,6(2):17-29.王舒畋,梁寿生.冲绳海槽盆地的地质构造特征与盆地演化历史[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1986,6(2):17-29.
[21]LIN C S.Basement faulted structure in the South Okinawa Trough and vicinity[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1999,21(1):61-70.林长松.南冲绳海槽及其邻域的基底断裂构造[J].海洋学报,1999,21(1):61-70.
[22]LI X S,LIU B H,WU J L,et al.Seismic reflection facies and deposit systems in the west slope of the Okinawa Trough[J].OceanLimn.Sin.,2004,35(2),120-129.李西双,刘保华,吴金龙,等.冲绳海槽西部陆坡地震相模式与沉积结构[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(2):120-129.
[23]LI F Y,SHI Y L,HE L J,et al.Relationship between the variations in sedimentation rates and sedimentation environments in the Okina-wa Trough since the late Pleistocene[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1999,30(6):540-545.李凤业,史玉兰,何丽娟,等.冲绳海槽晚更新世以来沉积速率的变化与沉积环境关系[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(6):540-545.
[24]LI P Y,WANG Y J,LIU Z X,et al.Chronostratigraphy and deposition rate of the Okinawa Trough[J].Science in China(Series D),1999,29(1):52-55.李培英,王永吉,刘振夏,等.冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率[J].中国科学(D辑),1999,29(1):52-55.
[25]LIU B H,LI X S,ZHAO Y X,et al.Debris transport on the western continental slope of the Okinawa Trough:slumping and gravityflowing[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(1):1-9.刘保华,李西双,赵月霞,等.冲绳海槽西部陆坡碎屑沉积物的搬运方式:滑塌和重力流[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(1):1-9.
[2]MICHELS K H,SUCKOW A,BREITZKE M,et al.Sediment transport in the shelf canyon"Swatch of No Ground"(Bay of Bengal)[J].Deep-sea Researchⅱ,2003,50:1003-1022.
[3]FILDANI A,NORMARK W R.Late Quaternary evolution of channel and lobe complexes of Monterey Fan[J].Marine Geology,2004,206:199-223.
[4]FENG W K,BAO C W.The topographic and physiognomic characteristics of South China Sea[J].Marine Geological Research,1982,4:23-32.冯文科,鲍才旺.南海地形地貌特征[J].海洋地质研究,1982,4:23-32.
[5]GAO J M,LI G S.Topographical and morphologic features of the Okinawa Trough[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1987,7(1):51-60.高金满,李国胜.冲绳海槽的地形地貌特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1987,7(1):51-60.
[6]LI W R,YANG Z S,WANG Q,et al.Terrigenous transportation through canyon and sedimentation of submarine fan in the OkinawaTrough[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(4):371-380.李巍然,杨作升,王琦,等.冲绳海槽陆源碎屑峡谷通道搬运与海底扇沉积[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(4):371-380.
[7]LIU Z C,CHEN Y L,DING J S.Study on characteristics of the East China Sea submarine topography[C]∥Symposium of China exclu-sive economic zone and continental shelf survey project.Beijing:Ocean Press,2002,51-63.刘忠臣,陈义兰,丁继胜.东海海底地形特征研究[C]∥我国专属经济区和大陆架勘探研究论文集.北京:海洋出版社,2002,51-63.
[8]WU Z Y,WANG X B,JIN X L,et al.The evidences of the backarc spreading and discussion on the key Issues in the Okinawa Trough[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2004,24(3):67-76.吴自银,王小波,金翔龙,等.冲绳海槽弧后扩张证据及关键问题探讨[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(3):67-76.
[9]LIU B H,ZHENG Y P,LIU C G,et al.Tectonic character,origin and evolution of the Okinawa Trough[C]∥Symposium of China ex-clusive economic zone and continental shelf survey project.Beijing:Ocean Press,2002,124-130.刘保华,郑彦鹏,刘晨光,等.冲绳海槽的构造特征及其形成演化[C]∥我国专属经济区和大陆架勘探研究论文集.北京:海洋出版社,2002,124-130.
[10]YANG W D.Modern geophysical characteristics of tectonic tension fault in the Okinawa Trough[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Ge-ology,2004,24(3):77-81.杨文达.冲绳海槽现代张裂的地球物理特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(3):77-81.
[11]LIU Z X,BernéS L'ATALANTE Group.Paleochannels and paleodeltas in the continental shelf of the East China Sea[J].Marine Geol-ogy&Quaternary Geology,2000,20(1):9-14.刘振夏,BernéS L'ATALANTE科学考察组.东海陆架的古河道和古三角洲[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(1):9-14.
[12]XIA D X,LIU Z X.Tracing the Changjiang River's flowing route entering the sea during the last ice age maximum[J].Acta Oceanologi-ca Sinica,2001,23(5):87-94.夏东兴,刘振夏.末次冰期盛期长江入海流路探讨[J].海洋学报,2001,23(5):87-94.
[13]LI G X,LIU Y,YANG Z G,et al.Yangtze paleochannels on the continental plain of the East China Sea during the last glacial stage[J].Science in China(Series D),2004,35(3):284-289.李广雪,刘勇,杨子赓,等.末次冰期东海陆架平原上的长江古河道[J].中国科学D辑,2004,35(3):284-289.
[14]YU F,ZHANG J Y,GUO B H,et al.Some phenomena of the Kuroshio Intrusion into shelf area and the shelf circulation of the ast Chi-na Sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2002,20(3):21-28.于非,臧家业,郭炳火,等.黑潮水入侵东海陆架及陆架环流的若干现象[J].海洋科学进展,2002,20(3):21-28.
[15]CHAO S Y.Circulation of the East China Sea,a numerical study[J].Journal of the Oceanographic Society of Japan,1990,46:273-295.
[16]HIROSHI Ujiié.Late Quaternary course changes of the Kuroshio current in the Ryukyu Arc region,northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Miaropaleontology,1999,37:23-40.
[17]FAN F X,LIN M H,JIANG R H,et al.The rift block ridge in north continental shelf front slope of the East China Sea[J].Journal ofOcean University of Qingdao,2000,30(1):173-176.范奉鑫,林美华,江荣华,等.东海陆架前缘斜坡(冲绳海槽西坡)北部的断块隆脊地貌[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2000,30(1):173-176.
[18]LIU Z C,LIU B H,HUANG Z Z,et al.Topography in offshore and adjacent sea areas of China[M].Beingjing:Ocean Press,2005:142-170.刘忠臣,刘保华,黄振宗,等.中国近海及邻近海域地形地貌[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:142-170.
[19]YU H S,HONG E.The Huapinghsu channel/canyon system on northeastern Taiwan:morphology,sediment character and origin[J].Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,1993,4(3):307-319.
[20]WANG S T,LIANG S S.Geological tectonic characteristics and evolution of the Okinawa Trough Basin[J].Marine Geology&Quater-nary Geology,1986,6(2):17-29.王舒畋,梁寿生.冲绳海槽盆地的地质构造特征与盆地演化历史[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1986,6(2):17-29.
[21]LIN C S.Basement faulted structure in the South Okinawa Trough and vicinity[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1999,21(1):61-70.林长松.南冲绳海槽及其邻域的基底断裂构造[J].海洋学报,1999,21(1):61-70.
[22]LI X S,LIU B H,WU J L,et al.Seismic reflection facies and deposit systems in the west slope of the Okinawa Trough[J].OceanLimn.Sin.,2004,35(2),120-129.李西双,刘保华,吴金龙,等.冲绳海槽西部陆坡地震相模式与沉积结构[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(2):120-129.
[23]LI F Y,SHI Y L,HE L J,et al.Relationship between the variations in sedimentation rates and sedimentation environments in the Okina-wa Trough since the late Pleistocene[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1999,30(6):540-545.李凤业,史玉兰,何丽娟,等.冲绳海槽晚更新世以来沉积速率的变化与沉积环境关系[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(6):540-545.
[24]LI P Y,WANG Y J,LIU Z X,et al.Chronostratigraphy and deposition rate of the Okinawa Trough[J].Science in China(Series D),1999,29(1):52-55.李培英,王永吉,刘振夏,等.冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率[J].中国科学(D辑),1999,29(1):52-55.
[25]LIU B H,LI X S,ZHAO Y X,et al.Debris transport on the western continental slope of the Okinawa Trough:slumping and gravityflowing[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(1):1-9.刘保华,李西双,赵月霞,等.冲绳海槽西部陆坡碎屑沉积物的搬运方式:滑塌和重力流[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(1):1-9.
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