黔南碳酸盐岩地区断层周缘构造变形及封闭性
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摘要
构造变形和油气保存是碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探的主要制约因素和研究内容。通过野外露头、薄片观察、地震剖面的解释以及实验数据的分析,对黔南地区的逆冲断层及其周缘的构造变形和断层封闭性进行了研究。碳酸盐岩地区逆冲背景下,断层周缘的构造变形具有明显的分带性(破碎带和断层核)。在泥质含量较少的块状白云岩地层中,主要以高角度逆冲断层突破和节理密集发育为特征;泥页岩和泥质含量较高的泥灰岩地层中,以低角度断层突破和断层传播褶皱变形为主。灰岩和白云岩具有相似的抗压强度可能是伸展背景下碳酸盐岩变形对岩性不敏感的原因。碎裂作用和压溶作用促使围岩中泥质成分和氧化物在主断层面富集,阻碍流体运移。
The structural deformation and preservation conditions are the main controlling factors for hydrocarbon exploration in carbonate rocks. The structural elements from photomicrograph,outcrop,seismic cross-section and laboratory data including mechanical properties and petrophysical properties were analyzed. The characteristics of deformation and fault sealing ability around the Changming thrust zone in South Guizhou were discussed. The evidence and characteristics of zonation were found around the thrust zones including fault core and damage zone. The relatively high-angle breakthrough faults and high-density joints were well developed in the massive and clay-poor dolomites. The faults in the high-content clay mudstone and marlites tended to breakup on low-angle and formed the fault-propagation fold. There is only a little difference in the tensile strength between the limestone and dolostones,which results in the similar deformation in the extensional environment. Under the action of cataclasis and pressure dissolution,the argillaceous content and oxidation are rich on the main fault surface where the fluid is impeded and which is good for fault sealing.
The structural deformation and preservation conditions are the main controlling factors for hydrocarbon exploration in carbonate rocks. The structural elements from photomicrograph,outcrop,seismic cross-section and laboratory data including mechanical properties and petrophysical properties were analyzed. The characteristics of deformation and fault sealing ability around the Changming thrust zone in South Guizhou were discussed. The evidence and characteristics of zonation were found around the thrust zones including fault core and damage zone. The relatively high-angle breakthrough faults and high-density joints were well developed in the massive and clay-poor dolomites. The faults in the high-content clay mudstone and marlites tended to breakup on low-angle and formed the fault-propagation fold. There is only a little difference in the tensile strength between the limestone and dolostones,which results in the similar deformation in the extensional environment. Under the action of cataclasis and pressure dissolution,the argillaceous content and oxidation are rich on the main fault surface where the fluid is impeded and which is good for fault sealing.
引文
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[17]吕延防,沙子萱,付晓飞,等.断层垂向封闭性定量评价方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):34-38.LYanfang,Sha Zixuan,Fu Xiaofei,et al.Quantitative evalua-tion method for fault vertical sealing ability and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):34-38.
[18]李振生,刘德良,刘波,等.断裂性能差异的力学和化学因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(4):485-491.Li Zhensheng,Liu Deliang,Liu Bo,et al.The analysis of mechan-ical and chemical factors making the difference of fault’s action[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(4):485-491.
[2]Rawling G C,Goodwin L B,Wilson J L.Internal architecture,permeability structure,and hydrologic significance of contrasting fault-zone types[J].Geology,2001,29(1):43-46.
[3]Flodin E,Gerdes M,Aydin A,et al.Petrophysical properties of cataclastic fault rock in sandstone[G]//Sorkhabi R,Tsuji Y.Faults,fluid flow,and petroleumtraps.Canada:AAPG Memoir85,2005:197-217.
[4]Agosta F,Aydin A.Architecture and deformation mechanism of a basin-bounding normal fault in Mesozoic platformcarbonates,central Italy[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(8):1445-1467.
[5]Tondi E,Antonellini M,Aydin A,et al.The role of deformation bands,stylolites and sheared stylolites in fault development in carbonate grainstones of Majella Mountain,Italy[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(3):376-391.
[6]刘运黎,沈忠民,丁道桂,等.江南—雪峰山推覆体前缘沥青古油藏及油源对比[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(1):34-40.Liu Yunli,Shen Zhongmin,Ding Daogui,et al.The characters of the old asphalt-oil pool in the Jiangnan-Xuefeng thrust nappe front and the correlation of oil sources[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2008,35(1):34-40.
[7]贵州省地质矿产局.贵州省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:608-616.Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.Regional ge-ology of Sichuan Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1987:608-616.
[8]崔敏,汤良杰,郭彤楼,等.黔南地区古生代正断层对构造特征的制约[J].现代地质,2009,23(3):409-413.Cui Min,Tang Liangjie,Guo Tonglou,et al.Constraints of Paleo-zoic normal faults on structural characteristics in South Guizhou[J].Geoscience,2009,23(3):409-413.
[9]Billi A,Salvini F,Storti F.The damage zone-fault core transition in carbonate rocks:I mplications for fault growth,structure and permeability[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25(11):1779-1794.
[10]崔敏,汤良杰,郭彤楼,等.黔东南地区褶皱构造样式及其断层突破模式[J].地球科学———中国地质大学学报,2009,34(6):907-913.Cui Min,Tang Liangjie,Guo Tonglou,et al.Structural style and thrust breakthrough model of fold in Southeast Guizhou[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2009,34(6):907-913.
[11]Mollema P N,Antonellini M.Development of strike-slipfaults in the dolomites of the Sella Group,Northern Italy[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1999,21(3):273-292.
[12]Graham B,Antonellini M,Aydin A.Formation and growth of normal faults in carbonates within a compressive environment[J].Geology,2003,31(1):11-14.
[13]Ferrill D A,Morris A P.Fault zone deformation controlled by carbonate mechanical stratigraphy,Balcones fault system,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(3):359-380.
[14]Davatzes N C,Aydin A,Eichhubl P.Overprinting faulting mech-anisms during the development of multiple fault sets in sandstone,Chi mney Rock fault array,Utah,USA[J].Tectonophys-ics,2003,363(1/2):1-18.
[15]Agosta F,Prasad M,Aydin A.Physical properties of carbonate fault rocks,Fucino basin(Central Italy):I mplications for fault seal in platformcarbonates[J].Geofluids,2007,7(14):19-32.
[16]付晓飞,潘国强,贺向阳,等.大庆长垣南部黑帝庙浅层生物气的断层侧向封闭性[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):678-684.Fu Xiaofei,Pan Guoqiang,He Xiangyang,et al.Lateral sealing of faults for shallowbiogasin Heidi miao Formation of the southern Daqing placanticline[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):678-684.
[17]吕延防,沙子萱,付晓飞,等.断层垂向封闭性定量评价方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):34-38.LYanfang,Sha Zixuan,Fu Xiaofei,et al.Quantitative evalua-tion method for fault vertical sealing ability and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):34-38.
[18]李振生,刘德良,刘波,等.断裂性能差异的力学和化学因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(4):485-491.Li Zhensheng,Liu Deliang,Liu Bo,et al.The analysis of mechan-ical and chemical factors making the difference of fault’s action[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(4):485-491.
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