塔中地区中——下奥陶统古构造应力场模拟与裂缝储层有利区预测
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摘要
依据塔中地区地震资料解释的断裂体系、中下奥陶统顶底界面古构造图和40多口井裂缝特征统计等成果,在对塔中地区中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩声发射地应力测量、岩石力学参数和单轴抗拉强度测试的基础上,考虑断裂对裂缝形成的影响,采用三维有限元法对塔中地区中下奥陶统加里东中期裂缝形成期的古构造应力场进行模拟。结果表明:裂缝形成期地应力的最大主应力有效值为51.8～62.4MPa,平均值为57.0MPa,抗张强度为4.13～8.02MPa,平均值为5.75MPa;有效张应力高值区是构造裂缝储层发育的有利区和较有利区,主要分布在大的断裂带交汇处和断裂带的部分区段内,与实际钻井统计的中下奥陶统裂缝线密度和油气井分布区基本吻合,可以为研究区的油气勘探提供新的地质依据。
Based on the fracture systems interpreted from seismic data,paleo-tectonic map of bottom and top surface of middlelower Ordovician and cores fracture parameters statistics from over 40 wells,the middle-lower Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area were studied from analysis of acoustic emission,stress measurement,rock mechanics parameters and uniaxial tensile test. Considering the influence of faults on the fracture forming,3-D finite element method was applied to simulate paleostructural stress field of the middle Caledonian in Tazhong area. The simulation results show that during fracturing the maximum principal stress effective value ranges from 51. 8 to 62. 4 MPa,with the average value of 57. 0 MPa,and the tensile strength ranges from 4. 13 to 8. 02 MPa,with the average value of 5. 75 MPa. High value area of effective tensile stress is the favorable area for structural fractured reservoirs development,and most distributed in the interchange area of large fractured belts and part of the section of fractured zone. The distributed zone coincides with oil and gas wells and the Ordovician fracture-developed zone defined by fracture linear density statistic data from actual drilling,which provides new geological evidences for oil and gas exploration of the area.
Based on the fracture systems interpreted from seismic data,paleo-tectonic map of bottom and top surface of middlelower Ordovician and cores fracture parameters statistics from over 40 wells,the middle-lower Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area were studied from analysis of acoustic emission,stress measurement,rock mechanics parameters and uniaxial tensile test. Considering the influence of faults on the fracture forming,3-D finite element method was applied to simulate paleostructural stress field of the middle Caledonian in Tazhong area. The simulation results show that during fracturing the maximum principal stress effective value ranges from 51. 8 to 62. 4 MPa,with the average value of 57. 0 MPa,and the tensile strength ranges from 4. 13 to 8. 02 MPa,with the average value of 5. 75 MPa. High value area of effective tensile stress is the favorable area for structural fractured reservoirs development,and most distributed in the interchange area of large fractured belts and part of the section of fractured zone. The distributed zone coincides with oil and gas wells and the Ordovician fracture-developed zone defined by fracture linear density statistic data from actual drilling,which provides new geological evidences for oil and gas exploration of the area.
引文
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[2]邬光辉,李建军,杨栓荣,等.塔里木盆地中部地区奥陶纪碳酸盐岩裂缝与断裂的分形特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):51-56.WU Guang-hui,LI Jian-jun,YANG Shuan-rong,et al.Fractal characteristics of fissures and fractures of ordovi-cian carbonate rocks in the central Tarim area[J].Scien-tia Geologica Sinica,2002,37(sup):51-56.
[3]邬光辉,李建军,卢玉红.塔中Ⅰ号断裂带奥陶系灰岩裂缝特征探讨[J].石油学报,1999,20(4):19-24.WU Guang-hui,LI Jian-jun,LU Yu-hong.The fracture characteristics of ordovician limestone in Tazhong No.1fault belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(4):19-24.
[4]汪必峰,戴俊生,盛学香,等.牛35断块沙三中储层裂缝预测[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(3):18-26.WANG Bi-feng,DAI Jun-sheng,SHENG Xue-xiang,et al.Reservoir fracture forecast of mid-Sha san member in Niu35fault block[J].Journal of China University of Pe-troleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,33(3):18-26.
[5]刘聪,黄晓波,樊太亮,等.塔中地区奥陶系现今构造应力场模拟及裂缝预测[J].新疆石油地质,2008,2(4):475-477.LIU Cong,HUANG Xiao-bo,FAN Tai-liang,et al.The simulation of present tectonic stress field and the predic-tion of tectonic fractures of ordovician in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(4):475-477.
[6]周新桂,张利容,张明利,等.欢喜岭油田中潜山带成藏期应力场及裂缝分布[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(1):50-54.ZHOU Xin-gui,ZHANG Li-rong,ZHANG Ming-li,et al.Fractural distribution and reservoir-formed stress field in medium buried hill zone of Huanxiling Oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2003,24(1):50-54.
[7]曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场与低渗透油田开发[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):91-93.ZENG Lian-bo,TIAN Chong-lu.Tectonic stress field and the development of low permeability oil fields[J].Petrole-um Exploration and Development,1998,25(3):91-93.
[8]李志明,张金珠.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:138-140.
[9]王喜双,李晋超,王绍民,等.塔里木盆地构造应力场与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1997,18(1):23-27.WANG Xi-shuang,LI Jin-chao,WANG Shao-min,et al.Oil and gas accumulation and structural stress field in Ta-rim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(1):23-27.
[10]宋慧珍,贾承造,欧阳建,等.裂缝储层研究理论与方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:288-304.
[11]秦启荣,张烈辉,邓辉,等.古构造应力量值确定及其在构造地质建模中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3979-3983.QIN Qi-rong,ZHANG Lie-hui,DENG Hui,et al.De-termination of magnitude of palaeo-tectonic stress and application to tectonic geological modeling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3979-3983.
[12]张帆,贺振华,黄德济,等.预测裂隙发育带的构造应力场数值模拟技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(2):154-163.ZHANG Fan,HE Zhen-hua,HUANG De-ji,et al.Structural stress field numerical simulation technigue for fracture zone prediction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospec-ting,2000,35(2):154-163.
[13]谭成轩,王连捷,孙宝珊.含油气盆地三维构造应力场数值模拟方法[J].地质力学学报,1997,3(1):71-80.TAN Cheng-xuan,WANG Lian-jie,SUN Bao-shan.An approach to numerical simulation of3D tectonic stress field of the oil-gas-bearing basin[J].Journal of Geome-chanics,1997,3(1):71-80.
[14]魏国齐,贾承造,宋惠珍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系构造-沉积模式与碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):408-413.WEI Guo-qi,JIA Cheng-zao,SONG Hui-zhen,et al.Ordovician structural-depositional model and prediction for profitable crack reservoir of carbonate rock in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(3):408-413.
[15]唐湘蓉,李晶.构造应力场有限元数值模拟在裂缝预测中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2005,12(2):25-29.TANG Xiang-rong,LI Jing.Application of finite ele-ment numerical simulation of tectonic stress field in frac-ture prediction[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoir,2005,12(2):25-29.
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[17]陈子光.岩石力学性质与构造应力场[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.
[18]孙宝珊,丁原辰,邵兆刚,等.声发射法测量古今应力在油田的应用[J].地质力学学报,1996,2(2):11-17.SUN Bao-shan,DING Yuan-chen,SHAO Zhao-gang,et al.Application of acoustic emission technique in deter-mination of fossil and present-daystresses in oilfields[J].Journal of Geomechanic,1996,2(2):11-17.
[19]丁原辰,邵兆刚.测定岩石经历的最高古应力状态实验研究[J].地球科学,2001,26(1):99-103.DING Yuan-chen,SHAO Zhao-gang.An experimental research into determination of highest paleotectonic stress state experiencied by rock through geological ages[J].Earth Science,2001,26(1):99-103.
[20]丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):242-252.DING Wen-long,LIN Chang-song,QI Li-xin,et al.Structural framework and evolution of Buchu uplift in Ta-rim Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):242-252.
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