黔南坳陷构造变形特征及其成因解析
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摘要
黔南坳陷构造线主体呈NNE至近SN向展布,与坳陷南部NW向-近EW向罗甸断坳以及北部NEE向黔中隆起构造线走向不一,具有明显的构造变形调节特征。经结合地震、MT以及区域地质资料分析,黔南坳陷发育有浅变质与结晶双层结构基底,深部结晶基底表现出明显的"岛链"状结构特征,可能是扬子古陆的外缘增生部分;坳陷总体经历了南华-志留纪、泥盆纪-早三叠世、中三叠世-侏罗纪三期成盆与新元古代早期末、志留纪、中三叠世以来三期隆升,发育了从被动大陆边缘、到前陆、到改造三种盆地类型。今构造格局与变形样式实为多期构造变形形迹的复合、联合与叠加。总体上,坳陷今表层面貌呈现为隔槽式褶皱、是典型的山前逆冲推覆构造发育区发育的侏罗山式构造样式,纵向上可划分为震旦系-下古生界(下)、上古生界(中)及中新生界(上)三个构造层,其中下构造层以发育基底卷入的冲断变形构造为主,中构造层以发育与断层相关的冲起变形构造为主,上构造层以发育滑动褶皱与断展褶皱为主;坳陷今表层构造多受其深层"岛链"状结晶基底结构所控制。
The southern Guizhou depression is located in the southwestern margin of the Xuefengshan uplift,its structural outline spreads from NNE to SN,it has the accommodate trait.Based on seismology,MT (telluric electromagnetic sounding ) and geologic survey,the study shows there are different strikes towards the southern Luodian rift-depress and northern Middle Guizhou uplift,and there is a two-layer epimetamorphosed and deep-seated crystallized basement in the southern Guizhou depression.The deep-seated layer represents obviously a structural character of an island chain,which is exterior hyperplasia of the Yangtze ancient landmass.The depression has gone through three periods for basin formation (Neoproterozoic Nanhua Period and Silurian,Devonian-Early Triassic,Middle Triassic-Jurassic) and three periods for basin and orogen transforming (Early Neoproterozoic,Silurian,Middle Triassic).There are four types of basins from the active marginal basin to passive marginal basin,foreland basin,reformation basin in the southern Guizhou depression,and the modern structural pattern and mode are actually resulted from compound,association and superposition of multistage tectonic deformations.As a whole,the depression morphology represents an inter-groove drape,exhibits a Jurassic mountain structural pattern of a thrust nappe,which can be divided into three structural layers(lower structural layer of the Sinian-lower Paleozoic,middle structural layer of upper Paleozoic and upper structural layer of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic).The lower structural layer mostly develops a thrusting-breakup structural pattern of layer-immixture.The middle structural layer mostly develops a crush-up structural pattern of spread-correlation.The upper structural layer mainly yields surge folds,fault-propagation folds and pop-up structures.Generally,the surface structural system of the southern Guizhou depression is controlled by the deep crystallized basement of the island chain.
The southern Guizhou depression is located in the southwestern margin of the Xuefengshan uplift,its structural outline spreads from NNE to SN,it has the accommodate trait.Based on seismology,MT (telluric electromagnetic sounding ) and geologic survey,the study shows there are different strikes towards the southern Luodian rift-depress and northern Middle Guizhou uplift,and there is a two-layer epimetamorphosed and deep-seated crystallized basement in the southern Guizhou depression.The deep-seated layer represents obviously a structural character of an island chain,which is exterior hyperplasia of the Yangtze ancient landmass.The depression has gone through three periods for basin formation (Neoproterozoic Nanhua Period and Silurian,Devonian-Early Triassic,Middle Triassic-Jurassic) and three periods for basin and orogen transforming (Early Neoproterozoic,Silurian,Middle Triassic).There are four types of basins from the active marginal basin to passive marginal basin,foreland basin,reformation basin in the southern Guizhou depression,and the modern structural pattern and mode are actually resulted from compound,association and superposition of multistage tectonic deformations.As a whole,the depression morphology represents an inter-groove drape,exhibits a Jurassic mountain structural pattern of a thrust nappe,which can be divided into three structural layers(lower structural layer of the Sinian-lower Paleozoic,middle structural layer of upper Paleozoic and upper structural layer of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic).The lower structural layer mostly develops a thrusting-breakup structural pattern of layer-immixture.The middle structural layer mostly develops a crush-up structural pattern of spread-correlation.The upper structural layer mainly yields surge folds,fault-propagation folds and pop-up structures.Generally,the surface structural system of the southern Guizhou depression is controlled by the deep crystallized basement of the island chain.
引文
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汤良杰,郭彤楼,田海芹,金文正,李儒峰,万桂梅,,董立,王鹏万.2008.黔中地区多期构造演化、差异变形与油气保存条件.地质学报,82(3):298-307.
王剑.2000.华南新元古生代裂谷盆地演化——兼论与Ro-dinia解体的关系.北京:地质出版社,100-131.
肖加飞.2005.扬子地块西南缘中元古代——三叠纪沉积盆地演化及地层的元素地球化学背景.中国科学院地球化学研究所(学位论文).
徐开礼,朱志澄.1985.构造地质学.北京:地质出版社,75-76.
闫全人,王宗起,刘树文,李秋根,张宏远,王涛,刘敦一,石玉若,简平,王建国,张德会,赵建.2005.西南三江特提斯洋扩张与晚古生代东冈瓦纳裂解:来自甘孜蛇绿岩辉长岩的SHRIMP年代学证据.科学通报,50(2):158-166.
翟文建,齐小兵,章泽军.2009.江南断裂构造属性及成生环境初探.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):372-380.
张桂林.2004.扬子陆块南缘(桂北地区)前泥盆纪构造演化的运动学和动力学研究.中南大学(学位论文).
周继彬.2006.桂北-湘西新元古代镁铁质岩的形成时代和成因——对Rodinia超大陆裂解的响应.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所(学位论文).
周明辉.2005.论“黔中隆起”的形成与演化.南方油气,18(2):6-9.
范小林,江兴歌,蒋洪堪,陆国新.1994.雪峰区(江口-洞口)深部地质构造初探.石油实验地质,16(2):128-135.
冯学仕,王尚彦等著.2004.贵州省区域矿产成矿系列与成矿规律.北京:地质出版社,1-18,80-88.
顾雪祥,刘建明,Oskar Schulz,Franz Vavtar,郑明华.2003.江南造山带雪峰隆起区元古宙浊积岩沉积构造背景的地球化学制约.地球化学,32(5):406-426.
贵州省地质矿产局.1987.贵州省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,587-588.
郭令智,施央申,马瑞士.1980.华南大地构造格架和地壳演化.国际交流地质学术论文集(构造地质、地质力学).北京:地质出版社,109-116.
姜勇彪,张世红,吴怀春,韩以贵.2006.华南地块西南缘格林威尔期区域构造解析.大地构造与成矿学,30(2):127-135.
李仲东,罗志立,刘树根,雍自全.2006.雪峰推覆体掩覆的下组合(Z-S)油气资源预测.石油与天然气地质,27(3):392-398.
刘运黎,沈忠民,丁道桂,冷德勋,刘光祥,饶丹.2008.江南-雪峰山推覆体前缘沥青古油藏及油源对比.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),35(1):34-40.
马文璞,李学军,刘和甫,李永林.1993.雪峰隆起的构造性质及其对上扬子东南缘古生代盆地的改造∥江南-雪峰科研专题组编.江南-雪峰地区的层滑作用及多期复合构造.北京:地质出版社,120-147.
丘元禧,冯国荣,夏亮辉,何淇仁,朱霭林.1993.雪峰古陆(西南段)的构造演化与古生代油气盆地的叠加改造∥江南-雪峰科研专题组编.江南-雪峰地区的层滑作用及多期复合构造.北京:地质出版社,148-181.
汤良杰,郭彤楼,田海芹,金文正,李儒峰,万桂梅,,董立,王鹏万.2008.黔中地区多期构造演化、差异变形与油气保存条件.地质学报,82(3):298-307.
王剑.2000.华南新元古生代裂谷盆地演化——兼论与Ro-dinia解体的关系.北京:地质出版社,100-131.
肖加飞.2005.扬子地块西南缘中元古代——三叠纪沉积盆地演化及地层的元素地球化学背景.中国科学院地球化学研究所(学位论文).
徐开礼,朱志澄.1985.构造地质学.北京:地质出版社,75-76.
闫全人,王宗起,刘树文,李秋根,张宏远,王涛,刘敦一,石玉若,简平,王建国,张德会,赵建.2005.西南三江特提斯洋扩张与晚古生代东冈瓦纳裂解:来自甘孜蛇绿岩辉长岩的SHRIMP年代学证据.科学通报,50(2):158-166.
翟文建,齐小兵,章泽军.2009.江南断裂构造属性及成生环境初探.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):372-380.
张桂林.2004.扬子陆块南缘(桂北地区)前泥盆纪构造演化的运动学和动力学研究.中南大学(学位论文).
周继彬.2006.桂北-湘西新元古代镁铁质岩的形成时代和成因——对Rodinia超大陆裂解的响应.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所(学位论文).
周明辉.2005.论“黔中隆起”的形成与演化.南方油气,18(2):6-9.
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