转换波多次分裂数值模拟与层剥离技术应用
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摘要
转换波分裂裂缝检测是多波多分量地震勘探的重要价值所在.根据转换波分裂的特点和信息,可以预测裂缝的发育方位和密度.在裂缝油气藏中,这2个参数对提高油气采集率具有重要意义.当研究的目标层以上的盖层中,存在不只一个含裂缝各向异性层时,转换波就会发生多次分裂,上覆各向异性对下层裂缝参数的计算具有较大影响,因此必须估算并补偿分裂的快慢波时差,消去盖层各向异性的影响,以获得更准确的目标层的裂缝信息.通过理论模型正演及实际资料计算分析,研究多层裂缝介质中转换波传播特征及分裂机制,分析转换波R,T分量在多层裂缝各向异性介质中的分裂特征,利用能量比法预测裂缝方位,估算快慢波时差,并做层剥离时差补偿后,提高计算精度.
Robust and accurate estimates of fracture strike by PS waves splitting analysis is an important value of the multi-wave multi-component seismic prospecting.The converted wave retains the benefits of both P-and S-wave surveys,and offers more effective reservoir characterization and monitoring.The fracture strike and density can be estimated from splitting estimation and compensation of the converted wave.Polarity reversal points and time delay between fast and slow gathers are of great importance to improving the oil and gas acquisition rate in fractured oil and gas reservoirs.When the overburden over the target layer has more than one fracture anisotropic layers,the converted wave will split several times,and the anisotropy of the overburden stratum poses a considerable influence on the estimation of the fracture parameters in the target stratum.Therefore,the time delay between the fast and slow gathers must be estimated and compensated to eliminate the influence of the overlying stratum and acquire more accurate fracture information of the target stratum.By model simulation and application of real data,This paper studies converted waves propagation and splitting characters,analyzes the characteristics of R and T components of the converted wave splitting in the multilayer fracture anisotropic media,and uses the method of estimate the fracture strike,calculates the time delay between fast and slow gathers,and carries out the layer stripping and analyze the calculation precision of the method.
Robust and accurate estimates of fracture strike by PS waves splitting analysis is an important value of the multi-wave multi-component seismic prospecting.The converted wave retains the benefits of both P-and S-wave surveys,and offers more effective reservoir characterization and monitoring.The fracture strike and density can be estimated from splitting estimation and compensation of the converted wave.Polarity reversal points and time delay between fast and slow gathers are of great importance to improving the oil and gas acquisition rate in fractured oil and gas reservoirs.When the overburden over the target layer has more than one fracture anisotropic layers,the converted wave will split several times,and the anisotropy of the overburden stratum poses a considerable influence on the estimation of the fracture parameters in the target stratum.Therefore,the time delay between the fast and slow gathers must be estimated and compensated to eliminate the influence of the overlying stratum and acquire more accurate fracture information of the target stratum.By model simulation and application of real data,This paper studies converted waves propagation and splitting characters,analyzes the characteristics of R and T components of the converted wave splitting in the multilayer fracture anisotropic media,and uses the method of estimate the fracture strike,calculates the time delay between fast and slow gathers,and carries out the layer stripping and analyze the calculation precision of the method.
引文
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[10]Thomsen L A.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophys,1986,51:1954-1966.
[11]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks[J].Geophys.J.Roy.Astr.Soc.,1981,64:133-150.
[12]Yuan J,Li X Y.Converted-wave moveout analysisinlayered anisotropic media:a case study[C].EAGE63rd Conference&Technical Exhibition,Amsterdam,Holland,EAGE Publications BV,2001:11-15.
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[14]Li X Y,Crampin S.Approxi mations to shear-wave velocity and move-out equationsin anisotropic media[J].Geophys.Prosp.,1993,41:833-857.
[15]Li X Y,Yuan J X.Converted-wave moveout and conversion-point equationsinlayered VTI media:theory and application[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2003,54:297-318.
[16]Li X Y,Dai H,Mancini F.Converted-wave i maging in anisotropic media:theory and case studies[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2007,55:345-363.
[17]Thomsen L A.Refelction seismology over azi muthally anisotropic media[J].Geophys,1988,53:304-313.
[2]Crampin S.Areviewof wave motionin anisotropic and cracked elastic media[J].Wave Motion,1981,3:343-391.
[3]裴正林.层状各向异性介质中横波分裂和再分裂数值模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(1):17-25.
[4]黎书琴,李忠,张白林.利用横波分裂预测裂缝[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(S1):130-134.
[5]黄中玉,赵金洲.正交基旋转的横波分裂检测技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):150-152.
[6]Li X Y.Azi muthal move-out analysis for fracture detectionin marine streamer data[C].60th EAGE Meeting,Expanded Abstracts,Leipzig,Germany,EAGE Publications BV,1998:154-155.
[7]Crampin S.Seismic wave propagation through a cracked solid:polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic[J].Geophys.J.R.As-tr.Soc.,1978,53:467-496.
[8]Crampin S,Lovell J H.Adelay of shear-wave splittingin earth’s crust:what does it mean-what use can we make of it-and what should we do next-[J].Gephysics.J.International,1991,107:387-407.
[9]Crampin S,Peacock S.Areviewof Shear-wave splittingin the compliant crack-critical anisotropic earth[J].Wave motion,2005,41:59-77.
[10]Thomsen L A.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophys,1986,51:1954-1966.
[11]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks[J].Geophys.J.Roy.Astr.Soc.,1981,64:133-150.
[12]Yuan J,Li X Y.Converted-wave moveout analysisinlayered anisotropic media:a case study[C].EAGE63rd Conference&Technical Exhibition,Amsterdam,Holland,EAGE Publications BV,2001:11-15.
[13]Li X Y,Yuan J.Conveted-wave moveout and parameter esti mation for transverse isotropy[C].61st EAGE Conference,Expanded Abstract,Helsinki,Finland,EAGE Publications BV,1999:1181-1184.
[14]Li X Y,Crampin S.Approxi mations to shear-wave velocity and move-out equationsin anisotropic media[J].Geophys.Prosp.,1993,41:833-857.
[15]Li X Y,Yuan J X.Converted-wave moveout and conversion-point equationsinlayered VTI media:theory and application[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2003,54:297-318.
[16]Li X Y,Dai H,Mancini F.Converted-wave i maging in anisotropic media:theory and case studies[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2007,55:345-363.
[17]Thomsen L A.Refelction seismology over azi muthally anisotropic media[J].Geophys,1988,53:304-313.
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