柴达木盆地东部三湖地区第四纪沉积物源分析
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摘要
柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系的形成是在新近纪末期新构造运动作用下,盆地沉积中心由西向东整体迁移的产物。在第四系中发现了世界上最大的生物气田,近年来在寻找构造圈闭难以取得突破的情况下,岩性圈闭的勘探成为下一步勘探工作的必然选择。确定物源方向对岩性油气藏的勘探具有重要的指导作用。该文通过分析现今水系分布、储层岩性、矿物组合、氯离子含量、重矿物、泥质含量、砂岩含量、地震前积反射等特征和通过野外踏勘、储层反演等手段,确定三湖地区第四系沉积物源呈明显的不对称性,主要物源来自南部的昆仑山,次要物源来自北斜坡东部锡铁山-埃姆尼克山。
The Quaternary in the Sanhu area of Qaidam Basin is the product of migration of the basin depositional center from west to east under the tectonic movements at the end of Tertiary. It has trapped the largest biologic gas field in the world. In recent years, the structural reservoir is difficult to be located, and so the lithologic reservoir is considered as the next exploration target. As to this point, ascertaining of the source direction of the Quaternary sediments is very important. Through the field survey, we found that the Quaternary sediments in the study area are apparently asymmetrical in distribution. And through analyses of water system, reservoir lithology, mineral assemblages, paleosalinity, heavy minerals, argillaceous content and sand content, and seismic reflection features as well as reservoir inversion,we further found that these sediments came from two sources. The main source is Kunlun mountains south of the basin, and the secondary source is the Xitie and the Aimunike mountains east of the northern slope of the basin. Finally, it is believed that the Taidong nose-like structure should be a favorable target for the future exploration.
The Quaternary in the Sanhu area of Qaidam Basin is the product of migration of the basin depositional center from west to east under the tectonic movements at the end of Tertiary. It has trapped the largest biologic gas field in the world. In recent years, the structural reservoir is difficult to be located, and so the lithologic reservoir is considered as the next exploration target. As to this point, ascertaining of the source direction of the Quaternary sediments is very important. Through the field survey, we found that the Quaternary sediments in the study area are apparently asymmetrical in distribution. And through analyses of water system, reservoir lithology, mineral assemblages, paleosalinity, heavy minerals, argillaceous content and sand content, and seismic reflection features as well as reservoir inversion,we further found that these sediments came from two sources. The main source is Kunlun mountains south of the basin, and the secondary source is the Xitie and the Aimunike mountains east of the northern slope of the basin. Finally, it is believed that the Taidong nose-like structure should be a favorable target for the future exploration.
引文
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17 郑绵平,赵元艺,刘俊英.第四纪盐湖沉积与古气候.第四纪研究,1998,(4) :297-307 Zheng Mianping,Zhao Yuanyi,Liu Junying.Quaternary saline lake depsoition and paleoclimate.Quaternary Sciences,1998,(4) :297-307
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19 王宁,刘卫国,徐黎明等.青藏高原现代湖泊沉积物碳酸盐矿物氧同位素组成特征及影响因素.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :591-600 Wang Ning,Liu Weiguo,Xu Liming et al.Oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonates of modern surface lacustrine sediments and their affecting factors in Tibet Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :591-600
20 李明慧,康世昌,朱立平等.西藏纳木错沉积物单水方解石出现前后的环境变化.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :601-609 Li Minghui,Kang Shichang,Zhu Liping et al.Late-Holocene lake environment reflected by the occurrence of monohydrocalcite in Nam Co,Central Tibet.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :601-609
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2 赵红格,刘池洋.物源分析方法及研究进展.沉积学报,2003,21(3) :409-415 Zhao Hongge,Liu Chiyang.Approaches and prospects of provenance analysis.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(3) :409-415
3 黎兵,李勇,张开均等.青藏高原东缘晚新生代大邑砾岩的物源分析与水系变迁.第四纪研究,2007,27(1) :64-73 Li Bing,Li Yong,Zhang Kaijun et al.Provenance of the siliciclastic rocks of the Late Cenozoic Dayi Formation and drainage change at eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1) :64-73
4 张勇,张玉芬,李长安等.宜昌地区砾石层的磁性特征与物源分析.第四纪研究,2009,29(2) :380-386 Zhang Yong,Zhang Yufen,Li Chang'an et al.Magnetic properties of the gravel layers in Yichang area and their provenance.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(2) :380-386
5 王节涛,李长安,杨勇等.江汉平原周老孔中碎屑锆石LAICPMS定年及物源示踪.第四纪研究,2009,29(2) :343-351 Wang Jietao,Li Chang'an,Yang Yong et al.The LA-ICPMS U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology and provenance study of sedimentary core in the Zhoulao Town,the Jianghan Plain,China.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(2) :343-351
6 康春国,李长安,邵磊.江汉平原主要河流沉积物重矿物特征与物源区岩性的响应.第四纪研究,2009,29(2) :334-342 Kang Chunguo,Li Chang'an,Shao Lei.Heavy mineral characteristics of river sediments in Jianghan Plain and its response to provenance rock types.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(2) :334-342
7 杨建,李长安,康春国等.江汉平原沉积物中普通辉石的特征及物源示踪意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(5) :1000-1007 Yang Jian,Li Chang'an,Kang Chunguo et al.Augite in Jianghan Plain sediments and its implication to source tracing.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(5) :1000-1007
8 陈静,王哲,王张华,陈中原.长江三角洲东西部晚新生代地层中的重矿物差异及其物源意义.第四纪研究,2007,27(5) :700-708 Chen Jing,Wang Zhe,Wang Zhanghua et al.Heavy mineral distribution and its provenance implication in Late Cenozoic sediments in western and eastern area of the Changjiang River delta.Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(5) :700-708
9 焦养泉,周海民,刘少峰等.断陷盆地多层次幕式裂陷作用与沉积充填响应--以南堡老第三纪断陷盆地为例.地球科学,1996,17(6) :633-636 Jiao Yangquan,Zhou Haimin,Liu Shaofeng et al.Multistage episodic rifting and its controls on filling in rift basin:Taking the Eogene Nanpu riftbasin as an example.Earth Science--Journal of China University of Geosciences,1996,17(6) :633-636
10 付兆辉,张在振,李德纯等.渤海湾盆地埕北凹陷古近系沉积体系分析与油气成藏.沉积学报,2009,27(1) :26-31 Fu Zhaohui,Zhang Zaizhen,Li Dechun et al.Analysis on sedimentary systems and hydrocarbon accumulation of Palaeogene,Chengbei sag.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(1) :26-31
11 赵俊兴,吕强,李凤杰等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长6时期物源状况分析.沉积学报,2008,26(4) :610-616 Zhao Junxing,Lu Qiang,Li Fengjie et al.Sediment provenance analysis of the Chang 6 oil-bearing of Yanchang formation in the sourh of Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(4) :610-616
12 王永军,郭泽清,刘卫红等.柴达木盆地东部三湖地区第四系米兰柯维奇旋回分析.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :544-551 Wang Yongjun,Guo Zeqing,Liu Weihong et al.Analysis of milankovitch cycles of Quaternary in Sanhu area,Eastern Qaidam Basin.Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2) :544-551
13 党玉琪,张道伟,徐子远等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系沉积相与生物气成藏.古地理学报,2004,6(1) :110-118 Dang Yuqi,Zhang Daowei,Xu Ziyuan et al.Sedimentary facies and biogenic gas pool of the Quaternary of Sanhu area in Qaidam Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(1) :110-118
14 李本亮,王明明,魏国齐等.柴达木盆地三湖地区生物气横向运聚成藏研究.地质论评,2003,49(1) :93-100 Li Benliang,Wang Mingming,Wei Guoqi et al.Lateral migration and accumulation of biogenic gas in the Sanhu area,Qaidam Basin.Geological Review,2003,49(1) :93-100
15 郑绵平,刘俊英,齐文.从盐湖沉积探40ka以来青藏高原古气温演替.见:郑绵平主编.盐湖资源环境与全球变化.北京:地质出版社,1996． 6-20 Zheng Mianping,Liu Junying,Qi Wen.Discussion about ancient climate changes since 40ka B C from saline lake deposition.In:Zheng Mianping ed.Saline Lake Resources,Environment and Global Changes.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996． 6-20
16 惠荣耀,李本亮,丁安娜等.柴达木盆地三湖凹陷岩性气藏的勘探前景.天然气地球科学,2005,16(4) :443-448 Hui Rongyao,Li Benliang,Ding Anna et al.Explorational perspective of lithologic gas pool in the Sanhu depression of the Chaidamu,NW,China.Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(4) :443-448
17 郑绵平,赵元艺,刘俊英.第四纪盐湖沉积与古气候.第四纪研究,1998,(4) :297-307 Zheng Mianping,Zhao Yuanyi,Liu Junying.Quaternary saline lake depsoition and paleoclimate.Quaternary Sciences,1998,(4) :297-307
18 薛积彬,钟巍.新疆巴里坤湖全新世环境记录及区域对比研究.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :610-620 Xue Jibin,Zhong Wei.Holocene climate change recorded by lacustrine sediments in Barkol Lake and its regional comparison.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :610-620
19 王宁,刘卫国,徐黎明等.青藏高原现代湖泊沉积物碳酸盐矿物氧同位素组成特征及影响因素.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :591-600 Wang Ning,Liu Weiguo,Xu Liming et al.Oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonates of modern surface lacustrine sediments and their affecting factors in Tibet Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :591-600
20 李明慧,康世昌,朱立平等.西藏纳木错沉积物单水方解石出现前后的环境变化.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :601-609 Li Minghui,Kang Shichang,Zhu Liping et al.Late-Holocene lake environment reflected by the occurrence of monohydrocalcite in Nam Co,Central Tibet.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :601-609
21 杨伦庆,张虎才,类延斌等.内蒙古西部额济纳古湖小狐山剖面有机质与碳酸盐组成及其古环境意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(2) :256-267 Yang Lunqing,Zhang Hucai,Lei Yanbin et al.Compositions of the organic matter and carbonate in Xiaohushan Section from Ejina Basin,Western Inner Mongolia,China and their paleoenvironmental significance.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(2) :256-267
22 奚晓霞,穆德芬,方小敏等.早更新世东山古湖氯离子含量变化与季风演化.冰川冻土,1996,18(2) :125-130 Xi Xiaoxia,Mu Defen,Fang Xiaomin et al.Variation of C1~-content in Paleo Dongshan lake during Early Pleistocene and monsoonal evolution.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1996,18(2) :125-130
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