新疆北部哈拉阿拉特山走滑—冲断复合构造特征与油气勘探方向
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摘要
位于准噶尔盆地西北缘前陆冲断带北段的哈拉阿拉特山,以往认为是一个典型的逆冲推覆构造带。笔者通过野外地质调查和对地震与大地电磁测深(MT)资料的综合解释研究,发现该区总体表现出走滑—冲断复合构造特征。其形成受控于达尔布特断裂在不同时期不同性质的活动,主要经历了两个阶段:二叠-三叠纪是以逆冲推覆为主兼具走滑的斜向冲断,形成该区以逆冲推覆构造为主要特征的走滑—冲断构造;侏罗纪以来主要以左行压扭走滑变形为主,沿达尔布特断裂变形强烈,形成花状构造,并在一定程度上改造了前期形成的逆冲推覆构造,但强度较弱。因此,目前在哈拉阿拉特山地区所见到的构造现象实际上是二叠纪至三叠纪斜向冲断和侏罗纪以来的压扭走滑两期构造变形的叠加样式,总体构成走滑—冲断复合构造。这一地质构造模型的建立对地震解释具有指导作用,同时指出逆冲推覆构造下盘的隐伏背斜未经后期走滑改造,是油气勘探的重要方向。
The area of Hala′alate mountains, located in the north segment of the foreland thrust belt of the northwestern margin of the Junggar basin, was once considered to be a typical foreland thrust belt. Based on recent field geological survey and the comprehensive interpretations of seismic and MT exploring data, it was demonstrated that the regional evolution of Hala′alate mountains mainly experienced two stages. The first stage of deformation was thrust-nappe structures, accompanied by strike-slipping in Permian to Triassic, and the second stage of deformation was sinistral strike-slipping from Jurassic, revealed by the positive flower structure. Therefore, the existed structural styles in the area of Hala′alate mountains were, in fact, a superimposed structure, or a strike-slip——thrust composite structure. The Daerbute fault, as a west boundary fracture of the mountain area, thrusted towards the southeast in Permo-Triassic accompanied with subduction of the Altai Ocean and followed continent-arc collision. From Jurassic, it became a sinistral strike-slip fault. It was believed that the identification of the geological structure style should be helpful not only to interpretation of the seismic data, but also to the petroleum exploration. The anticlinal structures in the lower plate of the Daerbute fault should be potentials for oil and gas exploration, since they might be undeformed during the strike-slipping of the Daerbute fault in the Yanshanian—Himalayan movements.
The area of Hala′alate mountains, located in the north segment of the foreland thrust belt of the northwestern margin of the Junggar basin, was once considered to be a typical foreland thrust belt. Based on recent field geological survey and the comprehensive interpretations of seismic and MT exploring data, it was demonstrated that the regional evolution of Hala′alate mountains mainly experienced two stages. The first stage of deformation was thrust-nappe structures, accompanied by strike-slipping in Permian to Triassic, and the second stage of deformation was sinistral strike-slipping from Jurassic, revealed by the positive flower structure. Therefore, the existed structural styles in the area of Hala′alate mountains were, in fact, a superimposed structure, or a strike-slip——thrust composite structure. The Daerbute fault, as a west boundary fracture of the mountain area, thrusted towards the southeast in Permo-Triassic accompanied with subduction of the Altai Ocean and followed continent-arc collision. From Jurassic, it became a sinistral strike-slip fault. It was believed that the identification of the geological structure style should be helpful not only to interpretation of the seismic data, but also to the petroleum exploration. The anticlinal structures in the lower plate of the Daerbute fault should be potentials for oil and gas exploration, since they might be undeformed during the strike-slipping of the Daerbute fault in the Yanshanian—Himalayan movements.
引文
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何登发,尹成,杜社宽,石昕,马辉树.2004.前陆冲断带构造分段特征——以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例.地学前缘,11(3):91—101.He Dengfa,Yin Cheng,Du Shekuan,Shi Xin and Ma Huishu.2004.Characteristics of structural segmentation of foreland thrustbelts——A case study of the fault belts in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,11(3):91—101.
何登发,翟光明,况军,张义杰,石昕.2005.准噶尔盆地古隆起的分布与基本特征.地质科学,40(2):248—261.He Dengfa,Zhai Guangming,Kuang Jun,Zhang Yijie and Shi Xin.2005.Distribution and tectonic features of paleo-uplift inthe Junggar Bain.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):248—261.
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金爱民,高兴友,楼章华,朱蓉,杨海波,王绪龙.2006.准噶尔盆地玛湖—盆1井西复合含油气系统侏罗系地下水动力场的形成与演化.地质科学,41(4):549—563.Jin Aimin,Gao Xingyou,Lou Zhanghua,Zhu Rong,Yang Haibo and Wang Xulong.2006.Formation and evolution of hydro-dynamic field in the Jurassic of Mahu-West of Well Pen1multi-source petroliferous systems,Junggar Basin.ChineseJour.Geol.,41(4):549—563.
柳祖汉,吴根耀,杨孟达,郭泽清,温志峰.2006.柴达木盆地西部新生代沉积特征及其对阿尔金断裂走滑活动的响应.地质科学,41(2):344—354.Liu Zuhan,Wu Genyao,Yang Mengda,Guo Zeqing and Wen Zhifeng.2006.Sedimentary features of the Cenozoic in thewestern Qaidam Basin:Response to strike-slipping of the Altun fault.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(2):344—354.
贾承造,何登发,雷振宇,周路,贾进斗,王桂宏.2000.前陆冲断带油气勘探.北京:石油工业出版社.18—23,49—56.Jia Chengzao,He Dengfa,Lei Zhenyu,Zhou Lu,Jia Jindou and Wang Guihong.2000.Petroleum Exploration in ForelandThrust Belts.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.18—23,49—56.
李锦轶,肖序常.1999.对新疆地壳结构与构造演化几个问题的简要评述.地质科学,34(4):405—419.Li Jinyi and Xiao Xuchang.1999.Brief reviewon the several aspects of the crustal structure and tectonic evolution of XinjiangUygur Autonomous Region.Chinese Jour.Geol.(formerly,Scientia Geologica Sinica),34(4):405—419.
刘永江,Neubauer F,葛肖虹,Genser J,袁四化,李伟民,巩庆林,陈元忠.2007.阿尔金断裂年代学和阿尔金山隆升.地质科学,42(1):134—146.Liu Yongjiang,Neubauer F,Ge Xiaohong,Genser J,Yuan Shihua,Li Weimin,Gong Qinglin and Chen Yuanzhong.2007.Geochronology of the Altun fault zone and rising of the Altun mountains.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(1):134—146.
陆钢,王利利,张恺,高明远,姚慧君.1987.准噶尔盆地西北缘红山咀—夏子街地区构造演化特征及其含油远景评价.石油勘探与开发,(1):10—19.Lu Gang,Wang Lili,Zhang Kai,Gao Mingyuan and Yao Huijun.1987.Characteristics of tectonic evolution and prospect ofpetroleum exploration in northwestern Junggar Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,(1):10—19.4039
谭绿贵,周涛发,袁峰,范裕,岳书仓.2007.新疆西准噶尔卡拉岗组火山岩Ar-Ar年龄.地质科学,42(3):579—586.Tan Lugui,Zhou Taofa,Yuan Feng,Fan Yu and Yue Shucang.2007.40Ar-39Ar age of the Kalagang Formation volcanic rocksin western Junggar,Xinjiang.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(3):579—586.
王元龙,成守德.2001.新疆地壳演化与成矿.地质科学,36(2):129—143.Wang Yuanlong and Cheng Shoude.2001.Crustal evolution and mineralization in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Chi-nese Jour.Geol.,36(2):129—143.
吴孔友,查明,钟建华.2006.准噶尔盆地超压系统分布及其演化.地质科学,41(4):636—647.Wu Kongyou,Zha Ming and Zhong Jianhua.2006.Distribution and evolution of overpressure systems in the Junggar Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(4):636—647.
谢宏,赵白,林隆栋,尤绮妹.1984.准噶尔盆地西北缘逆掩断裂区带的含油特点.新疆石油地质,5(3):1—15.Xie Hong,Zhao Bai,Lin Longdong and You Qimei.1984.Petroliferous features of the thrust belt plays in the northwestern mar-gin of the Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,5(3):1—15.
张传绩.1983.准噶尔盆地西北缘大逆掩断裂带的地震地质依据及地震资料解释中的几个问题.新疆石油地质,4(3):1—12.Zhang Chuanji.1983.Seismic geological expression and several problems of the interpretation of seismic data in the great thrustbelt of the northwest Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,4(3):1—12.
张国俊,杨文孝.1983.克拉玛依大逆掩断裂带构造特征及找油领域.新疆石油地质,4(1):23—28.Zhang Guojun and Yang Wenxiao.1983.Structural characteristics of Keramay fault belt and the favorable area for hydrocar-bon.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,4(1):23—28.
邹才能,侯连华,匡立春,况军.2007.准噶尔盆地西缘二叠-三叠系扇控成岩储集相成因机理.地质科学,42(3):587—601.Zou Caineng,Hou Lianhua,Kuang Lichun and Kuang Jun.2007.Genetic mechanism of diagenesis-reservoir facies of fan-controlled Permo-Triassic in the western margin area,Junggar Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(3):587—601.
何登发,管树巍,张年富,吴晓智,张越迁.2006.准噶尔盆地哈拉阿拉特山冲断带构造及找油意义.新疆石油地质,27(3):267—269.He Dengfa,Guan Shuwei,Zhang Nianfu,Wu Xiaozhi and Zhang Yueqian.2006.Thrust belt structure and significance for petro-leum exploration in Hala′alate Mountain in northwestern margin of Junggar basin.XinjiangPetroleum Geology,27(3):267—269.
何登发,尹成,杜社宽,石昕,马辉树.2004.前陆冲断带构造分段特征——以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例.地学前缘,11(3):91—101.He Dengfa,Yin Cheng,Du Shekuan,Shi Xin and Ma Huishu.2004.Characteristics of structural segmentation of foreland thrustbelts——A case study of the fault belts in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,11(3):91—101.
何登发,翟光明,况军,张义杰,石昕.2005.准噶尔盆地古隆起的分布与基本特征.地质科学,40(2):248—261.He Dengfa,Zhai Guangming,Kuang Jun,Zhang Yijie and Shi Xin.2005.Distribution and tectonic features of paleo-uplift inthe Junggar Bain.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):248—261.
何国琦,李茂松,刘德权,唐延龄,周汝洪.1`994.中国新疆古生代地壳演化及成矿.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出现社,香港:香港文化教育出现社.437.He Guoqi,Li Maosong,Liu Dequan,Tang Yanling and Zhou Ruhong.1994.Paleozoic Crustal Evolution and Mineralizationin Xinjiang of China.rumqi:Xinjiang People s Publ.House,Hongkong:Educational and Cultural Press Ltd.437.
金爱民,高兴友,楼章华,朱蓉,杨海波,王绪龙.2006.准噶尔盆地玛湖—盆1井西复合含油气系统侏罗系地下水动力场的形成与演化.地质科学,41(4):549—563.Jin Aimin,Gao Xingyou,Lou Zhanghua,Zhu Rong,Yang Haibo and Wang Xulong.2006.Formation and evolution of hydro-dynamic field in the Jurassic of Mahu-West of Well Pen1multi-source petroliferous systems,Junggar Basin.ChineseJour.Geol.,41(4):549—563.
柳祖汉,吴根耀,杨孟达,郭泽清,温志峰.2006.柴达木盆地西部新生代沉积特征及其对阿尔金断裂走滑活动的响应.地质科学,41(2):344—354.Liu Zuhan,Wu Genyao,Yang Mengda,Guo Zeqing and Wen Zhifeng.2006.Sedimentary features of the Cenozoic in thewestern Qaidam Basin:Response to strike-slipping of the Altun fault.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(2):344—354.
贾承造,何登发,雷振宇,周路,贾进斗,王桂宏.2000.前陆冲断带油气勘探.北京:石油工业出版社.18—23,49—56.Jia Chengzao,He Dengfa,Lei Zhenyu,Zhou Lu,Jia Jindou and Wang Guihong.2000.Petroleum Exploration in ForelandThrust Belts.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.18—23,49—56.
李锦轶,肖序常.1999.对新疆地壳结构与构造演化几个问题的简要评述.地质科学,34(4):405—419.Li Jinyi and Xiao Xuchang.1999.Brief reviewon the several aspects of the crustal structure and tectonic evolution of XinjiangUygur Autonomous Region.Chinese Jour.Geol.(formerly,Scientia Geologica Sinica),34(4):405—419.
刘永江,Neubauer F,葛肖虹,Genser J,袁四化,李伟民,巩庆林,陈元忠.2007.阿尔金断裂年代学和阿尔金山隆升.地质科学,42(1):134—146.Liu Yongjiang,Neubauer F,Ge Xiaohong,Genser J,Yuan Shihua,Li Weimin,Gong Qinglin and Chen Yuanzhong.2007.Geochronology of the Altun fault zone and rising of the Altun mountains.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(1):134—146.
陆钢,王利利,张恺,高明远,姚慧君.1987.准噶尔盆地西北缘红山咀—夏子街地区构造演化特征及其含油远景评价.石油勘探与开发,(1):10—19.Lu Gang,Wang Lili,Zhang Kai,Gao Mingyuan and Yao Huijun.1987.Characteristics of tectonic evolution and prospect ofpetroleum exploration in northwestern Junggar Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,(1):10—19.4039
谭绿贵,周涛发,袁峰,范裕,岳书仓.2007.新疆西准噶尔卡拉岗组火山岩Ar-Ar年龄.地质科学,42(3):579—586.Tan Lugui,Zhou Taofa,Yuan Feng,Fan Yu and Yue Shucang.2007.40Ar-39Ar age of the Kalagang Formation volcanic rocksin western Junggar,Xinjiang.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(3):579—586.
王元龙,成守德.2001.新疆地壳演化与成矿.地质科学,36(2):129—143.Wang Yuanlong and Cheng Shoude.2001.Crustal evolution and mineralization in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Chi-nese Jour.Geol.,36(2):129—143.
吴孔友,查明,钟建华.2006.准噶尔盆地超压系统分布及其演化.地质科学,41(4):636—647.Wu Kongyou,Zha Ming and Zhong Jianhua.2006.Distribution and evolution of overpressure systems in the Junggar Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(4):636—647.
谢宏,赵白,林隆栋,尤绮妹.1984.准噶尔盆地西北缘逆掩断裂区带的含油特点.新疆石油地质,5(3):1—15.Xie Hong,Zhao Bai,Lin Longdong and You Qimei.1984.Petroliferous features of the thrust belt plays in the northwestern mar-gin of the Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,5(3):1—15.
张传绩.1983.准噶尔盆地西北缘大逆掩断裂带的地震地质依据及地震资料解释中的几个问题.新疆石油地质,4(3):1—12.Zhang Chuanji.1983.Seismic geological expression and several problems of the interpretation of seismic data in the great thrustbelt of the northwest Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,4(3):1—12.
张国俊,杨文孝.1983.克拉玛依大逆掩断裂带构造特征及找油领域.新疆石油地质,4(1):23—28.Zhang Guojun and Yang Wenxiao.1983.Structural characteristics of Keramay fault belt and the favorable area for hydrocar-bon.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,4(1):23—28.
邹才能,侯连华,匡立春,况军.2007.准噶尔盆地西缘二叠-三叠系扇控成岩储集相成因机理.地质科学,42(3):587—601.Zou Caineng,Hou Lianhua,Kuang Lichun and Kuang Jun.2007.Genetic mechanism of diagenesis-reservoir facies of fan-controlled Permo-Triassic in the western margin area,Junggar Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,42(3):587—601.
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