人工裂缝与天然裂缝耦合关系及其开发意义
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摘要
通过野外露头、成像测井、古地磁定向岩心以及岩石差应变测试等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组超低渗储集层天然裂缝的发育特征进行了系统研究,并结合微地震监测资料,对压裂缝展布规律及其与现今地应力和天然裂缝的关系进行了分析。人工压裂缝与天然裂缝具有较好的耦合作用,在陕北地区,由于天然裂缝发育,岩石的不均一性使得人工压裂缝主要沿着天然缝扩展;而在陇东地区,天然裂缝的发育程度相对较差,压裂缝的延伸方向及其形态主要受现今地应力的控制。因此,超低渗油田的开发井网部署时,既要考虑天然裂缝的发育程度,还应该考虑天然裂缝方位与地应力的匹配关系。
According to outcrops,formation microscanner logging(FMI),paleomagnetism oriented cores and stress variation difference experiment,a close study has been made on the natural fractures of super-lower permeability reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation of the Ordos basin,and in combination with microseismic monitoring technique,an analysis carried out on the relationships between created fractures and earth stress and natural fractures.The results show a good coupling between created fractures and natural fractures.In northern Shaanxi,the well-developed natural fractures and heterogeneity of rocks lead the created fractures to stretch mainly along the natural fractures.In eastern Gansu,however,the natural fractures are poorly developed and the crushed fractures are controlled by present stress field.Therefore,in well pattern arrangement of super-low permeability reservoirs,our attention should be paid not only to the growth degree of the natural fractures but also to the orientation of natural fractures and their relation with the present stress field.
According to outcrops,formation microscanner logging(FMI),paleomagnetism oriented cores and stress variation difference experiment,a close study has been made on the natural fractures of super-lower permeability reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation of the Ordos basin,and in combination with microseismic monitoring technique,an analysis carried out on the relationships between created fractures and earth stress and natural fractures.The results show a good coupling between created fractures and natural fractures.In northern Shaanxi,the well-developed natural fractures and heterogeneity of rocks lead the created fractures to stretch mainly along the natural fractures.In eastern Gansu,however,the natural fractures are poorly developed and the crushed fractures are controlled by present stress field.Therefore,in well pattern arrangement of super-low permeability reservoirs,our attention should be paid not only to the growth degree of the natural fractures but also to the orientation of natural fractures and their relation with the present stress field.
引文
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[13]王振铎,王晓泉,陈彦东,等.在压裂改造中加深对砂岩储层天然裂缝发育状况的认识[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(3):24~28.WANG Zhen-duo,WANG Xiao-quan,CHEN Yan-dong,et al.the knowledge of natural fracture development status forsandstone reservoir in fracturing transformation[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2002,25(3):24~28.
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[15]王江,王玉英.水力压裂裂缝方向对油井含水动态的影响[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(1):54~57.WANG Jiang,WANG Yu-ying.The hydraulic fracture direction on the well water cut behavior[J].Drilling&ProductionTechnology,2004,27(1):54~57.
[16]王晓泉,王振铎,雷群,等.小型压裂与主压裂对比分析及对裂缝垂向延伸规律研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(4):36~37.WANG Xiao-quan,WANG Zhen-duo,LEI Qun,et al.comparison of mini-fracturing and main-fracturing and the fracturevertically extending law[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(4):36~37.
[17]李玉喜,肖淑梅.储层天然裂缝与压裂裂缝关系分析[J].特种油气藏,2000,7(3):26~29.LI Yu-xi,XIAO Shu-mei.Relationship between reservoir in situ and fractured fractures[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2000,7(3):26~29.
[18]黄雨蕊,许忠淮,高阿甲,等.利用钻孔崩落研究中原油田的构造应力场[J].地震学报,1994,16(2):195~203.HUANG Yu-rui,XU Zhong-huai,GAO A-jia,et al.Utilization of well bore failure to researching the tectonic stress field inZhongyuan oilfield[J].Acta seismologica sinica,1994,16(2):195~203.
[19]许忠淮,徐国庆,吴少武.东海地区现代构造应力场及其成因探讨[J].地震学报,1999,21(5):495~501.XU Zhong-huai,XU Guo-qing,WU Shao-wu.Modern stress field and generating mechanism in Donghai district[J].Actaseismologica sinica,1999,21(5):495~501.
[20]燕金梅,熊孝云,王秀芹,等.地层倾角测井在二连地区的应用[J].测井技术,2003,27(4):302~304,308.YAN Jin-mei,XIONG Xiao-yun,WANG Xiu-qin,et al.Applications of dip log in Erlian district[J].Well Log Technology,2003,27(4):302~304,308.
[21]曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场与低渗透油田开发[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):91~93.ZENG Lian-bo,TIAN Chong-lu.Tectonic stress oil fields and the development of low permeability oil field[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,1998,25(3):91~93.
[2]曾联波.雷家油田下第三系低渗透储层裂缝特征[J].石油天然气地质,1996,20(2):167~169.ZENG Lian-bo.Fracture characteristics of eogene low-permeable reservoirs in Leijia oilfield.Oil&Gas Geology,1996,20(2):167~169.
[3]曾联波,田崇鲁,刘刚.松辽盆地南部低渗透砂岩储层裂缝特征及其对油田开发的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(2):11~13.ZENG Lian-bo,TIAN Chong-lu,LIU Gang.Characteristics of fracture of sandstone reservoir with low permeability in southernsongliao basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,1998,22(2):11~13.
[4]孙庆和,何玺,李长禄.特低渗透储层微裂缝特征及对注水开发效果的影响[J].石油学报,2000,21(4):52~57.SUN Qing-he,HE Xi,LI Chang-lu.The effects of microfractures for development the lowest permeability reservoir in waterinjection[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(4):52~57.
[5]梁兵,王焕弟.储层微裂缝预测技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):400~404.LIANG Bing,WANG Huan-di.Prediction of micro-fracture in reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(4):400~404.
[6]张莉.陕廿宁盆地储层裂缝特征及形成的构造应力场分析[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(2):21~24.ZHANG Li.Characteristics of reservoir fracture and the analysis of stress field in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia basin[J].GeologicalScience and Technology Information,2003,22(2):21~24.
[7]周新桂,邓宏文,操成杰,等.储层构造裂缝定量预测研究及评价方法[J].地球学报,2003,24(2):175~180.ZHOU Xin-gui,DENG Hong-wen,CAO Cheng-jie,et al.The methods for Quantitative prediction and structural fissures inreservoirs[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2003,24(2):175~180.
[8]周新桂,操成杰,袁嘉音.储层构造裂缝定量预测与油气渗流规律研究现状和进展[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(3):398~404.ZHOU Xin-gui,CAO Cheng-jie,YUAN Jia-yin.The research actuality and major progresses on the quantitative forecast ofreservoir fractures and hydrocarbon migration law[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2003,18(3):398~404.
[9]曾联波.低渗透砂岩油气储层裂缝及其渗流特征[J].地质科学,2004,39(1):11~17.ZENG Lian-bo.Fissure and its seepage characteristics in low-permeable sandstone reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(1):11~17.
[10]邢振辉,程林松,周新桂,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区上古生界致密砂岩气藏天然裂缝形成机理浅析[J].地质力学学报,2005,11(1):33~42.XING Zhen-hui,CHENG Lin-song,ZHOU Xin-gui,et al.Mechanism of natural fracture formation in the upper Paleozoic tightsand gas reservoirs in the tabamiao area north Ordos basin[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2005,11(1):33~42.
[11]王仲茂,胡江明.水力压裂形成裂缝形态的研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(6):66~69.WANG Zhong-mao,HU Jiang-ming.Researching of fracture shapes within the hydraulic fracture[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,1994,21(6):66~69.
[12]丁云宏,陈作,曾斌,等.渗透率各向异性的低渗透油藏开发井网研究[J].石油学报,2002,23(2):64~67.DING Yun-hong,CHEN Zuo,ZENG Bin,et al.The development well-pattern of low and anisotropic permeability reservoir[J].Acta petrolei sinica,2002,23(2):64~67.
[13]王振铎,王晓泉,陈彦东,等.在压裂改造中加深对砂岩储层天然裂缝发育状况的认识[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(3):24~28.WANG Zhen-duo,WANG Xiao-quan,CHEN Yan-dong,et al.the knowledge of natural fracture development status forsandstone reservoir in fracturing transformation[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2002,25(3):24~28.
[14]李民河,聂振荣,廖健德,等.水力压裂缝延伸方向分析及其应用[J].新疆地质,2003,21(4):486~488.LI Min-he,NI Zhen-rong,LIAO Jian-de,et al.Analysis and application on fracture propagation direction of hydraulic fracturing[J].Xinjiang Geology,2003,21(4):486~488.
[15]王江,王玉英.水力压裂裂缝方向对油井含水动态的影响[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(1):54~57.WANG Jiang,WANG Yu-ying.The hydraulic fracture direction on the well water cut behavior[J].Drilling&ProductionTechnology,2004,27(1):54~57.
[16]王晓泉,王振铎,雷群,等.小型压裂与主压裂对比分析及对裂缝垂向延伸规律研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(4):36~37.WANG Xiao-quan,WANG Zhen-duo,LEI Qun,et al.comparison of mini-fracturing and main-fracturing and the fracturevertically extending law[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(4):36~37.
[17]李玉喜,肖淑梅.储层天然裂缝与压裂裂缝关系分析[J].特种油气藏,2000,7(3):26~29.LI Yu-xi,XIAO Shu-mei.Relationship between reservoir in situ and fractured fractures[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2000,7(3):26~29.
[18]黄雨蕊,许忠淮,高阿甲,等.利用钻孔崩落研究中原油田的构造应力场[J].地震学报,1994,16(2):195~203.HUANG Yu-rui,XU Zhong-huai,GAO A-jia,et al.Utilization of well bore failure to researching the tectonic stress field inZhongyuan oilfield[J].Acta seismologica sinica,1994,16(2):195~203.
[19]许忠淮,徐国庆,吴少武.东海地区现代构造应力场及其成因探讨[J].地震学报,1999,21(5):495~501.XU Zhong-huai,XU Guo-qing,WU Shao-wu.Modern stress field and generating mechanism in Donghai district[J].Actaseismologica sinica,1999,21(5):495~501.
[20]燕金梅,熊孝云,王秀芹,等.地层倾角测井在二连地区的应用[J].测井技术,2003,27(4):302~304,308.YAN Jin-mei,XIONG Xiao-yun,WANG Xiu-qin,et al.Applications of dip log in Erlian district[J].Well Log Technology,2003,27(4):302~304,308.
[21]曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场与低渗透油田开发[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):91~93.ZENG Lian-bo,TIAN Chong-lu.Tectonic stress oil fields and the development of low permeability oil field[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,1998,25(3):91~93.
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