静/慢地震研究现状及意义
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摘要
静/慢地震是地壳能量释放的一种形式,可能消除一个正趋于断裂地带的地震威胁,也可能因为应力的转移而触发一个正常的地震;也有一些学者认为静/慢地震的发生并不在断层闭锁区域,两者的关系不大。对于静/慢地震的危险性尽管分歧较大,然而看法一致的是静/慢地震是地震断裂过程的一个组成部分,在地震成核作用中可能起着重要的作用,静/慢地震还有可能揭示更多板块边界的运动形式。目前,关于静地震的物理机制还存在较大的争议,一些学者认为静/慢地震现象产生的主要因素为含水矿物的脱水作用或流体的浸入作用从而导致孔隙压力的变化;另外有些学者认为在孔隙压力不变的情况下只利用摩擦定律数值模拟也能观测到类似静/慢地震现象;还有一些学者认为静/慢地震主要分布在距离俯冲带一定距离的地震反射体上,而不是发生在距离俯冲带界面附近一个狭窄的区域内。
Silent/slow earthquakes are a form of crustal energy release,it is possible to eliminate the fracture of an earthquake fault but it is said that silent/slow earthquakes may also be the trigger of a normal earthquake because the stress transfer.Some scholars believe that the silent/slow earthquakes are not the fault latch area,little relationship between the two.Despite the divergence of viewpoint about the risk of silent/slow earthquake,there is a same view that the silent earthquake rupture process of slow earthquakes are an part of the earthquake nucleation and may play an important role and silent/slow earthquakes may reveal more movement forms of plate boundary.Currently,about the physical mechanism of the earthquake there is a big controversy yet,some scholars believe that the occurence of slow earthquakes is due to the dehydration of mineral water immersion or the invasion of fluid leading to changes in pore pressure,in the same time,some scholars think that under the same pore pressure according friction law only by numerical simulation the silent/slow earthquake phenomenon can also be observed,and some scholars believe that the silent/slow earthquakes are mainly distributed in a certain distance from the subduction zone seismic reflectors,rather than place from the subduction zone near the interface in a narrow area.
Silent/slow earthquakes are a form of crustal energy release,it is possible to eliminate the fracture of an earthquake fault but it is said that silent/slow earthquakes may also be the trigger of a normal earthquake because the stress transfer.Some scholars believe that the silent/slow earthquakes are not the fault latch area,little relationship between the two.Despite the divergence of viewpoint about the risk of silent/slow earthquake,there is a same view that the silent earthquake rupture process of slow earthquakes are an part of the earthquake nucleation and may play an important role and silent/slow earthquakes may reveal more movement forms of plate boundary.Currently,about the physical mechanism of the earthquake there is a big controversy yet,some scholars believe that the occurence of slow earthquakes is due to the dehydration of mineral water immersion or the invasion of fluid leading to changes in pore pressure,in the same time,some scholars think that under the same pore pressure according friction law only by numerical simulation the silent/slow earthquake phenomenon can also be observed,and some scholars believe that the silent/slow earthquakes are mainly distributed in a certain distance from the subduction zone seismic reflectors,rather than place from the subduction zone near the interface in a narrow area.
引文
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16 Liu Y J.Aseismic slip transients emerge spontaneously inthree-dimensional rate and state modeling of subductionearthquake sequences[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search,2005,110,DOI:10.1029/2004JB003424.
17 Linde A T,et al.A slow earthquake sequence on the SanAndreas fault[J].Nature,1996,383:65-68.
18 Rogers G and Dragert H.Episodic Tremor and Slip on theCascadia Subduction Zone:The Chatter of Silent Slip[J].Science,2003,300,1 942-1 943.
19 Costello S W and Tullis T E.Can free oscillations triggerforeshocks that allowearthquake prediction[J].Geophys-ical Research Letters,1999,26(7):891-894.
20 Stokstad E.Deep quakes slow but very steady[J].Scince,2002,295(5564):2 344-2 345.
21 Susan Y Schwartz and Julianna MRokosky.Slowslip eventsand seismic tremor at circum-pacific subduction zones[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2007,45,RG3004,1:32.
22 Nadeau R M and Dolenc D.Nonvolcanic Tremors Deep Be-neath the San Andreas fault[J].Science,2005,307:389-390.
2 Watanabe T,et al.Scaling relationship between the durationand the amplitude of non-volcanic deep low-frequencytremors[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,DOI:10.1029/2007GL029391.
3 Hirose H,et al.A slow trust slip event following the two1996 Hyuganada earthquakes beneath the Bungo Channel,southwest Japan[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1991,26:3 237-3 240.
4 Kawasaki.Silent earthquakes occurring in a stable-unstabletransition zone and implication for earthquake prediction[J].Earth Planets Space,2004,56:813-821.
5 Ozawa S,et al.Detection and Monitoring of Ongoing Aseis-mic Slip in the Tokai Region,Central Japan[J].Science,2002,298:1 009-1 012.
6 Ide S,et al.A scaling law for slow earthquakes[J].Nature,2007,447,DOI:10.1038/nature05780.
7 Obara K.Nonvolcanic deep Tremor associated with subduc-tion in southwest Japan[J].Scince,2002,296:1 679-1 681.
8 Obara K,et al.Episodic slow slip events accompanied bynon-volcanic tremors in southwest Japan subduction zone[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31,DOI:10.1029/2004GL020848.
9 Katsumata K,Wada N and Kasahara M.Newly imaged shapeof the deep seismic zone within the subducting Pacific platebeneath the Hokkaido corner,Japan-Kurile arc-arc junction[J].J Geophys Res.,2003,108,2565:doi:10.1029/2002JB002175.
10 Kao Hand Shan S J.The Source-Scanning Algorithm map-ping the distribution of seismic sources in time and space[J].Geophys J Int.,2004,157,DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02276.x.
11 Kao H,et al.Awide depth distribution of seismic tremors a-long the northern Cascadia margin[J].Nature,2005,436,DOI:10.1038/nature03903.
12 Kao H,et al.Spatial-temporal patterns of seismic tremors innorthern Cascadia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111,DOI:10.1029/2005JB003727.
13 Kodaira,et al.High pore fluid pressure may cause silentslip in the Nankai trough[J].Science,2004,304;DOI:10.1126/science.1096535.
14 Scholz C H,Katsumata A and Kamaya N.Low-frequencycontinuous tremor around the Moho discontinuity away fromvolcanoes in the southwest Japan[J].Geophysics ResearchLetter,2003,30(1):DOI:10.1029/2002GL015981.
15 Shelly D R,et al.Low-frequency earthquakes in Shikoku,Japan,and their relationship to episodic tremor and slip[J].Nature,2006,442,DOI:10.1038/nature04931.
16 Liu Y J.Aseismic slip transients emerge spontaneously inthree-dimensional rate and state modeling of subductionearthquake sequences[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search,2005,110,DOI:10.1029/2004JB003424.
17 Linde A T,et al.A slow earthquake sequence on the SanAndreas fault[J].Nature,1996,383:65-68.
18 Rogers G and Dragert H.Episodic Tremor and Slip on theCascadia Subduction Zone:The Chatter of Silent Slip[J].Science,2003,300,1 942-1 943.
19 Costello S W and Tullis T E.Can free oscillations triggerforeshocks that allowearthquake prediction[J].Geophys-ical Research Letters,1999,26(7):891-894.
20 Stokstad E.Deep quakes slow but very steady[J].Scince,2002,295(5564):2 344-2 345.
21 Susan Y Schwartz and Julianna MRokosky.Slowslip eventsand seismic tremor at circum-pacific subduction zones[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2007,45,RG3004,1:32.
22 Nadeau R M and Dolenc D.Nonvolcanic Tremors Deep Be-neath the San Andreas fault[J].Science,2005,307:389-390.
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