基于TM影像的上海地区人口密度数字模拟
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摘要
人口主要分布在居住区内,而以人工建筑物为主要特征的居住区正是人类生命财产受地震灾害威胁最大的区域,所以人口在居住区内的空间分布模拟对震害调查与评估具有独特的作用。该文利用上海地区TM影像提取出居住区影像,然后对其进行1km的格网重采样,并统计每个格网内的居住面积;同时根据城镇人口距离衰减加幂指数模型生成人口分布影响参数,最后生成人口密度图。结果表明,上海地区农村区域的人口密度小于5000人/km2,城镇区域人口密度大于5000人/km2,上海中心区人口密度呈现从1023人/km2到49159人/km2的非均匀分布状态。
Population is mainly distributed in the residential districts,and the residential districts characterized with artificial buildings is of the greatest threat to the lives and property affected by the earthquake disaster,so the spatial distribution simulation of population in the dwelling districts has a unique significance for earthquake disaster investigation.This paper extracts residential districts from TM images of the Shanghai region,and re-sampling with 1 km grid and then statistics of the living area of each grid is made;Rooted in distance attenuation function,a power exponential model based on the scale of district and the distance form the center of district.The Results show that the population density of rural areas of Shanghai less than 5000 persons/km2,and more than 5000 persons/km2 in towns;the population density of the central part of the city ranges from 1023 persons/km2 to 49159 persons/km2,showing non-homogeneous distribution state.
Population is mainly distributed in the residential districts,and the residential districts characterized with artificial buildings is of the greatest threat to the lives and property affected by the earthquake disaster,so the spatial distribution simulation of population in the dwelling districts has a unique significance for earthquake disaster investigation.This paper extracts residential districts from TM images of the Shanghai region,and re-sampling with 1 km grid and then statistics of the living area of each grid is made;Rooted in distance attenuation function,a power exponential model based on the scale of district and the distance form the center of district.The Results show that the population density of rural areas of Shanghai less than 5000 persons/km2,and more than 5000 persons/km2 in towns;the population density of the central part of the city ranges from 1023 persons/km2 to 49159 persons/km2,showing non-homogeneous distribution state.
引文
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①Deichmann U,Balk D,Yet man G.Transforming population data for interdisciplinary usages:From census togrid.CIESI N manuscript,in press,2001.
[2]Wang Fahui,Guldmann J M.Simulating urban population density with a gravity-based mode[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,1996,30(4):245-256.
[3]刘纪远,岳天祥,王英安,等.中国人口密度数字模拟[J].地理学报,2003,58(1):17-24.
[4]Sutton P.Modeling population density with nighttime satellite imagery and GIS[J].Computers,En-vironment and Urban Systems,1997,21(3-4):227-244.
[5]冯健.杭州市人口密度空间分布及其演化的模型研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(5):635-646.
[6]卓莉,陈晋,史陪军,等.基于夜间灯光数据的中国人口密度模拟[J].地理学报,2005,60(2):266-276.
[7]Dobson J E,Bright E A,coleman P R.landscan:a global population database for estimating popula-tions at risk[J].Photogrammetric engineering and Remote Sensing,2000,66(7):849-857.
[8]田永中,陈述彭,岳天祥,等.基于土地利用的中国人口密度模拟[J].地理学报,2004,59(2):283-292.
[9]Tobler W,Deichmann U,Gottsegen J.World population in a grid of spherical quadrilaterals[J].In-ternational Journal of Population Geography,1997,3:203-225.
[10]Radeloff V C.Exploring the Spatial Relationship Between Census and Land Cover Data[J].Societyand Natural Resources,2000,13(6):599-609
[11]Chen K.An Approach to Linking Remotely Sensed Data and Areal Census Data[J].InternationalJournal of Remote Sensing,2002,23(1):37-48.
[12]Elvidge C D,Baugh K E,Kihn E A.Relation between satellite observed visible-near infrared emis-sions,population,economic activity and electric power consumption[J].Int J Remote Sensing,1997,18(6):1 373-1 379.
[13]Zhang Baoguo.Aplication of remote sensing technology to population estimation[J].Jounal of Tian-jing Normal University(Natrual Science Edition),2002,22(4):61-63.
[14]廖顺宝,李泽辉.基于人口分布与土地利用关系的人口数据空间化研究以西藏自治区为例[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(6):659-665.
①Deichmann U,Balk D,Yet man G.Transforming population data for interdisciplinary usages:From census togrid.CIESI N manuscript,in press,2001.
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