川滇地区三维P波速度结构反演与构造分析
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摘要
根据205个区域台站记录的近60000条地震初至P波走时资料,采用层析成像理论与伪弯曲射线追踪方法,反演了川滇地区地壳上地幔的三维P波速度结构.结合区域地质构造以及地球物理背景,分析和解释了三维速度结构图像反映的川滇地区不同深度的介质结构与构造特征.结果表明:(1)沉积盆地、高山山地等主要表现出速度负异常的特征,有的高山山体负异常可深达下地壳与上地幔,反映了新造山带的强烈构造隆升与相伴的重力均衡作用;(2)川滇块体周缘大型活动断裂带附近的中下地壳内普遍存在低速层,它们的存在为调节断裂和块体运动提供了深部解耦条件;(3)根据对P波速度结构图像的分析,识别和推断出川滇地区若干主要活动断裂的深部构造特征及它们倾向与下延深度.
We have selected about 60000 arrival times recorded by 205 regional stations, with the seismic tomography theory and three dimensional ray tracing method, to determine a detailed three-dimensional (3-D) P wave velocity structure of the lithosphere in southwest China. Then we present the medium structure and tectonic characteristics of different depth which are reflected by the 3-D P wave velocity image in this area, integrated with the previous geological features and geophysical data. The results suggest that deposit basins and alpine mountainous regions present as negative anomaly, with some montage negative anomalies even extending to the deep crust or the upper mantle, which reflects the sharp rising of the new orogens and the concomitant gravity equilibrium; low-velocity layers exist far and wide in the middle and deep crust under the large fault zones around the Sichuan-Yunnan block, which can be taken as the decoupling layer adjusting the faults and blocks movement; some deep structures related with the main active faults, and the trends and extending depths can be distinguished from the P wave velocity image.
We have selected about 60000 arrival times recorded by 205 regional stations, with the seismic tomography theory and three dimensional ray tracing method, to determine a detailed three-dimensional (3-D) P wave velocity structure of the lithosphere in southwest China. Then we present the medium structure and tectonic characteristics of different depth which are reflected by the 3-D P wave velocity image in this area, integrated with the previous geological features and geophysical data. The results suggest that deposit basins and alpine mountainous regions present as negative anomaly, with some montage negative anomalies even extending to the deep crust or the upper mantle, which reflects the sharp rising of the new orogens and the concomitant gravity equilibrium; low-velocity layers exist far and wide in the middle and deep crust under the large fault zones around the Sichuan-Yunnan block, which can be taken as the decoupling layer adjusting the faults and blocks movement; some deep structures related with the main active faults, and the trends and extending depths can be distinguished from the P wave velocity image.
引文
Aki,K.,Lee,W.H.K.,1976.Determination of three-di men-sional velocity anomalies under a seismic array usingfirst P arrival ti mes fromlocal earthquakes1:A homo-geneous initial model.J.Geophys.Res.,81(23):4381-4399.
Aki,K.,Richards,P.G.,1980.Quantitative Seismology,Vol.2.San Francisco:Freeman.
Deng,Q.D.,Zhang,P.Z.,Ran,Y.K.,et al.,2002.Basiccharacteristics of active faults in China.Science in Chi-na(Ser.D),32(12):l020-1030(in Chinese).
Ding,G.Y.,1991.Relative motions of sub-plates and activeblocks.In:Ding,G.Y.,Introduction to LithosphericDynamics of China.Seismological Press,Beijing,142-153(in Chinese).
Fuchs,K.,1997.Synopsis SFB108-stress and stress releasein the lithosphere.Tectonophysics,275(1-3):1-13.
Fu,R.S.,Zheng,Y.,Chang,X.H.,et al.,2001.Seismictomography and the evaluation of the earth′s mantle.Progressin Geophysics,16(4):85-95(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Huang,J.L.,Zhao,D.P.,Zheng,S.H.,2002.Lithosphericstructure andits relationship to seismic and volcanic ac-tivity in southwest China.J.Geophys.Res.,107(B10):doi:10.1029/2000JB000137.
Humphreys,E.,Clayton,R.W.,1988.Adaptation of backprojection tomography to seismic travel ti me problems.J.Geophys.Res.,93(B2):1073-1085.
Inoue,H.,Fukao,Y.,Tanabe,K.,et al.,1990.Whole man-tle P-wave travel ti me tomography.Phys.Earth Plan-et.Inter.,59:294-328.
Li,P.,Wang,L.M.,1975.Research on basic seismologicalcharacteristics of Yunnan and western Sichuan region.Scientia Geologica Sinica,(4):308-325(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Liao,Z.Y.,Chen,Y.K.,2005.Nature and evolution of Lan-ping-Si mao basin prototype.Journal of Tongji Univer-sity(Natural Science),33(11):1527-1531(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Liu,F.T.,1991.The research situation and a prespect onthethree di mesional velocity structure.Chinese J.Geo-phys.,34(6):788-796(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Liu,F.T.,Li,Q.,Wu,H.,et al.,1989.On the tomographicinverse method used in velocity i mage reconstruction.Chinese J.Geophys.,32(1):46-61(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Luo,Z.L.,2000.Study on the perspective of petroleum de-posits in the carbonate fromthe plate tectonic evolutionin South China.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,5(3-4):1-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lutter,W.J.,Nowack,R.L.,1990.Inversion for crustalstructure using reflections fromthe PASSCAL Ouachitaexperi ment.J.Geophys.Res.,95(B4):4623-4646.
Ma,L.F.,2001.Geological atlas of China.Geological Pub-lishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Ma,X.Y.,1989.Lithospheric dynamics atlas of China.ChinCartographic Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Ning,J.Y.,Zang,S.X.,Wang,S.G.,et al.,2003.Couplingbetween different layers of the lithosphere under hori-zontal drag underneath.Science in China(Ser.D),46(Suppl.):41-55.
Qin,J.Z.,Huangfu,G.,Li,Q.,et a1.,2000.3-Dchromatog-raphy of velocity structure in Tengchong volcano areasand nearby.Journal of Seismological Research,23(2):157-164(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,J.,Jin,G.W.,Bai,D.H.,et al.,2003.Sounding of elec-trical structure of the crust and upper mantle along theeastern border of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its tectonicsignificance.Science in China(Ser.D),46(Suppl.):243-253.
Thurber,C.H.,1983.Earthquake locations and three-di men-sional crustal structure in the Coyote late area,CentralCalifornia.J.Geophys.Res.,88(B10):8226-8236.
Um,J.,Thurber,C.,1987.A fast algorithm for two-pointseismic ray tracing.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,77:972-986.
Wang.C.Y.,Chan,W.W.,Mooney,W.D.,2003.Three-di men-sional velocity structure of crust and upper mantleinsouth-western China and its tectonic i mplications.J.Geophys.Res.,108(B9),2442,doi:10.1029/2002JB001973.
Wang,C.Y.,Wu,J.P.,Lou,H.,et al.,2003.P-wave crustalvelocity structurein western Sichuan and eastern Tibet-an region.Science in China(Ser.D),46(Suppl.):254-265.
Xiong,S.B.,Zheng,Y.,Yin,Z.X.,et al.,1993.The2-Dstructure and it′s tectonic i mplications of the crust inthe Lijiang-Panzhihua-Zhehai region.Chinese J.Geo-phys.,36(4):434-444(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Xu,D.E.,1992.Discussion on the crustal evolution and ura-nium mineralization of the Xikang-Yunnan axis.Urani-um Geology,8(6):348-353,378(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Xu,X.W.,Wen,X.Z.,Zheng,R.Z.,et al.,2003.Pattern oflatest tectonic motion andits dynamics for active blocksin Sichuan-Yunnan region,China.Science in China(Ser.D),33(Suppl.):151-162(in Chinese).
Xu,Z.Q.,Hou,L.W.,Wang,Z.X.,et al.,1992.The oro-genic evolution of Songpan-Ganze orogenic belt.Geolog-ical Press,Beijing,53-62(in Chinese).
Zhang,P.Z.,Deng,Q.D.,Zhang,G.M.,et al.,2003.Activetectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the continentof China.Science in China(Ser.D),46(Suppl.):13-24.
Zhang,Z.B.,Cao,D.B.,2002.The relationship of the for-mation and evolution of Mesozoic Chuxiong basin toAilaoshan Orogenic belt in central Yunnan—Exempli-fied by regional geological integrated section fromXishelu of Chuxiong to Bichengzhen of Lufeng.ActaGeoscience Sinica,23(2):129-134(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Zhao,D.P.,Hasegawa,A.,Horiuchi,S.,1992.Tomographici maging of P and S wave velocity structure beneathnortheastern Japan.J.Geophys.Res.,97(B13):19909-19928.
Zhao,D.P.,Kayal,J.R.,2000.I mpact of seismic tomo-graphy on earth sciences.Current Science,79(9):1208-1214.
Zhao,D.P.,2001.Seismic structure and origin of hotspotsand mantle plumes.Earth and Planetary Science Let-ters,192(3):251-265.
Zhu,J.S.,1996.The recent development of three-di mension-al medels and geodynamics of the earth′s mantle.Ad-vance in Earth Sciences,11(5):421-429.
Zhu,C.Y.,Xia,W.J.,Yi,H.S.,et al.,1997.The tectionicnature and evolution of Mesozoic Lanping-Si mao basin.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Sci-ence&Technology Edition),24(4):23-30(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Zhu,J.S.,Cao,J.M.,Cai,X.L.,et al.,2003.Studyfor threedi mensional structure of earthinterior and geodynamicsin China and adjacent land and sea regions.Advance inEarth Sciences,18(4):497-503(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Zhu,J.S.,Cai,X.L.,Cao,J.M.,et al.,2005.Tectonic evo-lution and the3-D structure of the lithosphere of theSouth China and the East Sea.The7th of the3-Dstruc-ture of the lithosphere of China.Geological PublishingHouse,Beijing,1-308(in Chinese).
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等,2002.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学(D辑),32(12):1020-1030.
丁国瑜,1991.活动亚板块、构造块体相对运动.见:丁国瑜主编,中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社,142-153.
傅容珊,郑勇,常筱华,等,2001.地震层析成像板块构造及地幔演化动力学.地球物理学进展,16(4):85-95.
李坪,汪良谋,1975.云南川西地区地震地质基本特征的探讨.地质科学,(4):308-325.
廖宗延,陈跃昆,2005.兰坪-思茅盆地原型的性质及演化.同济大学学报(自然科学版),33(11):1527-1531.
刘福田,李强,吴华,等,1989.用于速度图像重建的层析成像法.地球物理学报,32(1):46-61.
刘福田,1991.三维速度结构的研究现状和展望.地球物理学报,34(6):788-796.
罗志立,2000.从华南板块构造演化探讨中国南方碳酸盐岩含油气远景.海相油气地质,5(3-4):1-19.
马丽芳,2001.中国地质图集.北京:地质出版社.
马杏垣,1989.中国岩石圈动力学图集.北京:地图出版社.
秦嘉政,皇甫岗,李强,等,2000.腾冲火山及邻区速度结构的三维层析成像.地震研究,23(2):157-163.
熊绍柏,郑晔,尹周勋,等,1993.丽江-攀枝花-者海地带二维地壳结构及其构造意义.地球物理学报,36(4):434-443.
胥德恩,1992.康滇地轴地壳演化与铀成矿作用探讨.铀矿地质,8(6):348-353,378.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,郑荣章,等,2003.川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源.中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):151-162.
许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀,等,1992.中国松潘一甘孜造山带的造山过程.北京:地质出版社,53-62.
张志斌,曹德斌,2002.滇中楚雄中生代盆地的形成、演化及其与哀牢山造山带的关系——以楚雄西舍路至禄丰碧城镇区域地质综合剖面为例.地球学报,23(2):129-134.
朱创业,夏文杰,伊海生,等,1997.兰坪一思茅中生代盆地性质及构造演化.成都理工学院学报,24(4):23-30.
朱介寿,1996.全球地幔三维结构模型及动力学研究新进展.地球科学进展,11(5):421-429.
朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林,等,2003.中国及邻近陆域海域地球内部三维结构及动力学研究.地球科学进展,18(4):497-503.
朱介寿,蔡学林,曹家敏,等,2005.中国华南及东海地区岩石圈三维结构及演化.中国岩石圈三维结构丛书之七.北京:地质出版社,1-308.
Aki,K.,Richards,P.G.,1980.Quantitative Seismology,Vol.2.San Francisco:Freeman.
Deng,Q.D.,Zhang,P.Z.,Ran,Y.K.,et al.,2002.Basiccharacteristics of active faults in China.Science in Chi-na(Ser.D),32(12):l020-1030(in Chinese).
Ding,G.Y.,1991.Relative motions of sub-plates and activeblocks.In:Ding,G.Y.,Introduction to LithosphericDynamics of China.Seismological Press,Beijing,142-153(in Chinese).
Fuchs,K.,1997.Synopsis SFB108-stress and stress releasein the lithosphere.Tectonophysics,275(1-3):1-13.
Fu,R.S.,Zheng,Y.,Chang,X.H.,et al.,2001.Seismictomography and the evaluation of the earth′s mantle.Progressin Geophysics,16(4):85-95(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Huang,J.L.,Zhao,D.P.,Zheng,S.H.,2002.Lithosphericstructure andits relationship to seismic and volcanic ac-tivity in southwest China.J.Geophys.Res.,107(B10):doi:10.1029/2000JB000137.
Humphreys,E.,Clayton,R.W.,1988.Adaptation of backprojection tomography to seismic travel ti me problems.J.Geophys.Res.,93(B2):1073-1085.
Inoue,H.,Fukao,Y.,Tanabe,K.,et al.,1990.Whole man-tle P-wave travel ti me tomography.Phys.Earth Plan-et.Inter.,59:294-328.
Li,P.,Wang,L.M.,1975.Research on basic seismologicalcharacteristics of Yunnan and western Sichuan region.Scientia Geologica Sinica,(4):308-325(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Liao,Z.Y.,Chen,Y.K.,2005.Nature and evolution of Lan-ping-Si mao basin prototype.Journal of Tongji Univer-sity(Natural Science),33(11):1527-1531(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Liu,F.T.,1991.The research situation and a prespect onthethree di mesional velocity structure.Chinese J.Geo-phys.,34(6):788-796(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Liu,F.T.,Li,Q.,Wu,H.,et al.,1989.On the tomographicinverse method used in velocity i mage reconstruction.Chinese J.Geophys.,32(1):46-61(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Luo,Z.L.,2000.Study on the perspective of petroleum de-posits in the carbonate fromthe plate tectonic evolutionin South China.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,5(3-4):1-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lutter,W.J.,Nowack,R.L.,1990.Inversion for crustalstructure using reflections fromthe PASSCAL Ouachitaexperi ment.J.Geophys.Res.,95(B4):4623-4646.
Ma,L.F.,2001.Geological atlas of China.Geological Pub-lishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Ma,X.Y.,1989.Lithospheric dynamics atlas of China.ChinCartographic Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Ning,J.Y.,Zang,S.X.,Wang,S.G.,et al.,2003.Couplingbetween different layers of the lithosphere under hori-zontal drag underneath.Science in China(Ser.D),46(Suppl.):41-55.
Qin,J.Z.,Huangfu,G.,Li,Q.,et a1.,2000.3-Dchromatog-raphy of velocity structure in Tengchong volcano areasand nearby.Journal of Seismological Research,23(2):157-164(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,J.,Jin,G.W.,Bai,D.H.,et al.,2003.Sounding of elec-trical structure of the crust and upper mantle along theeastern border of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its tectonicsignificance.Science in China(Ser.D),46(Suppl.):243-253.
Thurber,C.H.,1983.Earthquake locations and three-di men-sional crustal structure in the Coyote late area,CentralCalifornia.J.Geophys.Res.,88(B10):8226-8236.
Um,J.,Thurber,C.,1987.A fast algorithm for two-pointseismic ray tracing.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,77:972-986.
Wang.C.Y.,Chan,W.W.,Mooney,W.D.,2003.Three-di men-sional velocity structure of crust and upper mantleinsouth-western China and its tectonic i mplications.J.Geophys.Res.,108(B9),2442,doi:10.1029/2002JB001973.
Wang,C.Y.,Wu,J.P.,Lou,H.,et al.,2003.P-wave crustalvelocity structurein western Sichuan and eastern Tibet-an region.Science in China(Ser.D),46(Suppl.):254-265.
Xiong,S.B.,Zheng,Y.,Yin,Z.X.,et al.,1993.The2-Dstructure and it′s tectonic i mplications of the crust inthe Lijiang-Panzhihua-Zhehai region.Chinese J.Geo-phys.,36(4):434-444(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Xu,D.E.,1992.Discussion on the crustal evolution and ura-nium mineralization of the Xikang-Yunnan axis.Urani-um Geology,8(6):348-353,378(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Xu,X.W.,Wen,X.Z.,Zheng,R.Z.,et al.,2003.Pattern oflatest tectonic motion andits dynamics for active blocksin Sichuan-Yunnan region,China.Science in China(Ser.D),33(Suppl.):151-162(in Chinese).
Xu,Z.Q.,Hou,L.W.,Wang,Z.X.,et al.,1992.The oro-genic evolution of Songpan-Ganze orogenic belt.Geolog-ical Press,Beijing,53-62(in Chinese).
Zhang,P.Z.,Deng,Q.D.,Zhang,G.M.,et al.,2003.Activetectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the continentof China.Science in China(Ser.D),46(Suppl.):13-24.
Zhang,Z.B.,Cao,D.B.,2002.The relationship of the for-mation and evolution of Mesozoic Chuxiong basin toAilaoshan Orogenic belt in central Yunnan—Exempli-fied by regional geological integrated section fromXishelu of Chuxiong to Bichengzhen of Lufeng.ActaGeoscience Sinica,23(2):129-134(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Zhao,D.P.,Hasegawa,A.,Horiuchi,S.,1992.Tomographici maging of P and S wave velocity structure beneathnortheastern Japan.J.Geophys.Res.,97(B13):19909-19928.
Zhao,D.P.,Kayal,J.R.,2000.I mpact of seismic tomo-graphy on earth sciences.Current Science,79(9):1208-1214.
Zhao,D.P.,2001.Seismic structure and origin of hotspotsand mantle plumes.Earth and Planetary Science Let-ters,192(3):251-265.
Zhu,J.S.,1996.The recent development of three-di mension-al medels and geodynamics of the earth′s mantle.Ad-vance in Earth Sciences,11(5):421-429.
Zhu,C.Y.,Xia,W.J.,Yi,H.S.,et al.,1997.The tectionicnature and evolution of Mesozoic Lanping-Si mao basin.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Sci-ence&Technology Edition),24(4):23-30(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Zhu,J.S.,Cao,J.M.,Cai,X.L.,et al.,2003.Studyfor threedi mensional structure of earthinterior and geodynamicsin China and adjacent land and sea regions.Advance inEarth Sciences,18(4):497-503(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Zhu,J.S.,Cai,X.L.,Cao,J.M.,et al.,2005.Tectonic evo-lution and the3-D structure of the lithosphere of theSouth China and the East Sea.The7th of the3-Dstruc-ture of the lithosphere of China.Geological PublishingHouse,Beijing,1-308(in Chinese).
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等,2002.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学(D辑),32(12):1020-1030.
丁国瑜,1991.活动亚板块、构造块体相对运动.见:丁国瑜主编,中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社,142-153.
傅容珊,郑勇,常筱华,等,2001.地震层析成像板块构造及地幔演化动力学.地球物理学进展,16(4):85-95.
李坪,汪良谋,1975.云南川西地区地震地质基本特征的探讨.地质科学,(4):308-325.
廖宗延,陈跃昆,2005.兰坪-思茅盆地原型的性质及演化.同济大学学报(自然科学版),33(11):1527-1531.
刘福田,李强,吴华,等,1989.用于速度图像重建的层析成像法.地球物理学报,32(1):46-61.
刘福田,1991.三维速度结构的研究现状和展望.地球物理学报,34(6):788-796.
罗志立,2000.从华南板块构造演化探讨中国南方碳酸盐岩含油气远景.海相油气地质,5(3-4):1-19.
马丽芳,2001.中国地质图集.北京:地质出版社.
马杏垣,1989.中国岩石圈动力学图集.北京:地图出版社.
秦嘉政,皇甫岗,李强,等,2000.腾冲火山及邻区速度结构的三维层析成像.地震研究,23(2):157-163.
熊绍柏,郑晔,尹周勋,等,1993.丽江-攀枝花-者海地带二维地壳结构及其构造意义.地球物理学报,36(4):434-443.
胥德恩,1992.康滇地轴地壳演化与铀成矿作用探讨.铀矿地质,8(6):348-353,378.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,郑荣章,等,2003.川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源.中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):151-162.
许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀,等,1992.中国松潘一甘孜造山带的造山过程.北京:地质出版社,53-62.
张志斌,曹德斌,2002.滇中楚雄中生代盆地的形成、演化及其与哀牢山造山带的关系——以楚雄西舍路至禄丰碧城镇区域地质综合剖面为例.地球学报,23(2):129-134.
朱创业,夏文杰,伊海生,等,1997.兰坪一思茅中生代盆地性质及构造演化.成都理工学院学报,24(4):23-30.
朱介寿,1996.全球地幔三维结构模型及动力学研究新进展.地球科学进展,11(5):421-429.
朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林,等,2003.中国及邻近陆域海域地球内部三维结构及动力学研究.地球科学进展,18(4):497-503.
朱介寿,蔡学林,曹家敏,等,2005.中国华南及东海地区岩石圈三维结构及演化.中国岩石圈三维结构丛书之七.北京:地质出版社,1-308.
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