高密度资料面元细分与速度分析关系研究
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摘要
速度分析是地震资料处理的重要环节,制作准确的速度谱,可为动校正提供可靠的速度资料,并最终决定叠加资料的质量.本文在对速度分析的基本估算方法和应用要素做系统的概括总结后,对面元细分与速度分析关系进行了详细的理论研究和实际资料的检验.理论模型数据和胜利油田永新工区高密度实际资料处理表明,面元细分对速度谱的主要影响是覆盖次数,覆盖次数较低时,要准确获知速度较难;覆盖次数增大,速度谱变好,但其精变并不按覆盖次数线性增大.要实现高密度资料分辨率品质的提高,必须提高检波器接收精度.
Velocity analysis is an important procedure in seismic data processing.We can obtain accurate stack velocity using velocity analysis program to provide reliable velocity parameters for NMO.which ultimately determine the quality of stack sections.Based on the summary of recent velocity analysis methods and applying factors,we analyze the basic principle of velocity analysis and conduct test using synthetic and Yongxin high-density data of Shengli Oilfield to research the relation between bin-subdivision and velocity analysis.The results show that the most important effect of bin-divisible on velocity analysis is fold number.When the fold number is small,it is difficult to gain accurate velocity.While it is large,the velocity analysis results are better.However,the accuracy isn't linearly improved with fold numbers.In order to improve the resolution of high-density data,we should improve the receiving ability of geophones.
Velocity analysis is an important procedure in seismic data processing.We can obtain accurate stack velocity using velocity analysis program to provide reliable velocity parameters for NMO.which ultimately determine the quality of stack sections.Based on the summary of recent velocity analysis methods and applying factors,we analyze the basic principle of velocity analysis and conduct test using synthetic and Yongxin high-density data of Shengli Oilfield to research the relation between bin-subdivision and velocity analysis.The results show that the most important effect of bin-divisible on velocity analysis is fold number.When the fold number is small,it is difficult to gain accurate velocity.While it is large,the velocity analysis results are better.However,the accuracy isn't linearly improved with fold numbers.In order to improve the resolution of high-density data,we should improve the receiving ability of geophones.
引文
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[17] 宋长愿,段建华,费明泽,等.小面元采集三维地震勘探技术应用初探[J].中国煤田地质,2007,19(sup2) :120～122． Song C,Y,Duan J H,Fei M Z,et al.Application of Small Bin Acquisition 3-D Seismic Prospecting Technology[J].Coal Geology of China,2007,19(sup2) :120～122．
[18] 杨锴,马在田.关于共反射面元叠加方法在实际应用中的一些思考[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :12～16． Yang K,Ma Z T.Some thoughts on common reflection surface stack in practice [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(1) :12～16．
[19] 曲寿利.高密度三维地震技术--老油区二次勘探的关键技术之一[J].石油物探,2006,45(6) :557～562． Qu S,L.High Density 3-D Seismic Technology-One of Key Technologies for the second round of petroleum exploration in a matured petroleum province[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(6) :557～562．
[20] 李文莲,邓辉,闫立志.鄂尔多斯盆地北部低信噪比资料的高分辨率处理[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1059～1066． Li W.L,Deng H,Yan L Z.A high-resolution procedure of low SNR data for North Ordos basin [J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4) :1059～1066．
[21] 陆文凯,丁文龙,张善文,等.基于信号子空间分解的三维地震资料高分辨率处理方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :896～901． Lu W K,Ding W L,Zhang S W,et al.A high-resolution processing technique for 3-D seismic data based on signal subspace decomposition [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(4) :896～901．
[22] O'Brien J J,Lerche I.,Seismic imaging of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs [J].Pageoph.,1988,127:33～61．
[2] Western G.Velocity Analysis[M](Help document).2007．
[3] Neidell N S,Taner M T.Semblance and other coherency measures for multichannel data [J].Geophysics,1971,36,482～497．
[4] Bruce T M,Donald K S.Higher-order moveout spectra [J].Geophysics,1979,44(7) :1193～1207．
[5] Biondi B L,Kostov C.High-resolution velocity spectra using eigenstructure methods [J].Geophysics,1989,54(7) :832～842．
[6] Kitdin R L.The relationship between semblance and eigenstructure velocity estimators [J].Geophysics,1990,55 (8) :1027～1033．
[7] 林小竹.协方差速度谱[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(4) : 403～410． Lin X Z.Covariance velocity spectrum[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1993,28(4) :403～410．
[8] Morozov L B,Smithson S B.High-resolution velocity determination:Statistical phase correlation and image processing[J].Geophysics,1996,61(4) :1115～1127．
[9] 王德利,何樵登,韩立国.相位相关统计高分辨率速度分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,3(2) :198～204． Wang D L,He Q D,Han L G.High-resolution velocity analysis by phase correlation statistics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,3(2) :198～204．
[10] 郭树祥,韩永治,李建明等.高分辨率地震资料处理中的优化速度分析方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(1) :80～82． Guo S X,Han Y Z,Li J M,et al.Optimal velocity analysis in high resolution seismic data processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43 (1) :80～82．
[11] 王立明,李庆春.选择相关法提高转换波速度分析精度[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4) :1213～1220． Wang L M,Li Q C.Improving the accuracy of convertedwave velocity analysis with selected-correlation method[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(4) :1213～1220．
[12] 吕景贵,刘振彪,牛滨华,等.一种叠加速度分析新方法[J].石油物探,2000,39(3) :36～42． Lv J G,Liu Z B,Niu B H,et al.A new approach for stack velocity analysis [J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2000,39(3) :36～42．
[13] 何际平,鲁烈琴,王红旗.复杂地区速度场建立与变速构造成图方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :167～172． He J P,Lu L Q,Wang H Q.Methodology of establishing velocity field and velovity variant depth Mapping [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21 (1) :167～172．
[14] 刘爱群,童传新,李林.莺东斜坡带速度分析方法研究及速度影响因素分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1909～1917． Liu A Q,Tong C X,Li L.Research of velocity analysis method and analysis of velocity influence factors in the east slope of Yinggehai basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(6) :1909～1917．
[15]Peter I P,Richard H J,Nikolai B,Abdullah A A.Universal land acquisition 14 years later[A].SEG Int'l Exposition and 72nd Annual Meeting,2002,6～11．
[16] 高银波,张妍.关于面元计算和观测系统设计的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4) :383～349． Gao Y B,Zhang Y.Redefining bin size and folds in 3-D seismic exploration [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(4) :383～349．
[17] 宋长愿,段建华,费明泽,等.小面元采集三维地震勘探技术应用初探[J].中国煤田地质,2007,19(sup2) :120～122． Song C,Y,Duan J H,Fei M Z,et al.Application of Small Bin Acquisition 3-D Seismic Prospecting Technology[J].Coal Geology of China,2007,19(sup2) :120～122．
[18] 杨锴,马在田.关于共反射面元叠加方法在实际应用中的一些思考[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :12～16． Yang K,Ma Z T.Some thoughts on common reflection surface stack in practice [J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(1) :12～16．
[19] 曲寿利.高密度三维地震技术--老油区二次勘探的关键技术之一[J].石油物探,2006,45(6) :557～562． Qu S,L.High Density 3-D Seismic Technology-One of Key Technologies for the second round of petroleum exploration in a matured petroleum province[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(6) :557～562．
[20] 李文莲,邓辉,闫立志.鄂尔多斯盆地北部低信噪比资料的高分辨率处理[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1059～1066． Li W.L,Deng H,Yan L Z.A high-resolution procedure of low SNR data for North Ordos basin [J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4) :1059～1066．
[21] 陆文凯,丁文龙,张善文,等.基于信号子空间分解的三维地震资料高分辨率处理方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :896～901． Lu W K,Ding W L,Zhang S W,et al.A high-resolution processing technique for 3-D seismic data based on signal subspace decomposition [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(4) :896～901．
[22] O'Brien J J,Lerche I.,Seismic imaging of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs [J].Pageoph.,1988,127:33～61．
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