速度控制点法在川东高陡构造时深转换中的应用
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摘要
时深转换是将地震数据从时间域信号转变为深度域信号的一个必要处理步骤,是利用地震资料进行油气构造解释的一个非常关键的环节.而时深转换处理的效果,主要取决于所建立的时深转换速度模型的正确及合理性.在研究分析了川东高陡构造的地质与地球物理特征的基础上,提出了使用速度控制点法进行建模,即利用地震反射层作为速度模型控制层,用大断层两端的断点做控制点的方法进行层速度模型的建立,有效地克服了以往时深转换带来的地震成像的畸变影响.
The time-depth conversion,that converts the seismic data from the time domain to the depth domain,is a very important step in seismic processing,and it is the key to do seismic interpretation which indicates the oil and gas structures successfully.But the result of time-depth conversion depends on the accuracy and veracity of the velocity model building.After researching the geological characteristics and geophysical characteristics of the highly-steep structure in east Sichuan,the modeling method of velocity-controlling points is suggested,which uses the seismic reflective layers to be the velocity model controlling layers and uses the fault pointsoin both sides of the large fault to be the controlling points.It achieves great effect on improving the seismic mapping by this method.
The time-depth conversion,that converts the seismic data from the time domain to the depth domain,is a very important step in seismic processing,and it is the key to do seismic interpretation which indicates the oil and gas structures successfully.But the result of time-depth conversion depends on the accuracy and veracity of the velocity model building.After researching the geological characteristics and geophysical characteristics of the highly-steep structure in east Sichuan,the modeling method of velocity-controlling points is suggested,which uses the seismic reflective layers to be the velocity model controlling layers and uses the fault pointsoin both sides of the large fault to be the controlling points.It achieves great effect on improving the seismic mapping by this method.
引文
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[13]邵雨,李学义,孔智勇,等.模型速度建场方法的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):675~679.Shao Y,Li X Y,Kong Z Y,et al.Study on application ofvelocity field model-building method[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2003,38(6):675~679.
[14]陈业全,刘春晓,王道义.塔里木盆地中原探区速度场研究方法[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):656~662.Chen Y Q,Liu C X,Wang D Y.The research method of ve-locity field in central plains prospect area of tarim basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(3):656~662.
[15]滕佃波,汪鹏程,王赟,姚振兴.利用叠前Kirchhoff积分偏移识别小断裂与低幅度构造[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1035~1038.Teng X B,Wang P C,Wang Y,et al.The identification ofsmall faults and low-amplitude structures by utilizing prestackKirchhoff integral migration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1035~1038.
[16]梁顺军,谢会文,皮学军,等.高陡构造地震勘探圈闭要素畸变分析[J],石油物探,2001,40(4):34~42.Liang S J,Xie H W,Pi X J,et al.Analysis of trap factordistortions in seismic survey in areas with steep dip structures[J].Geophysical Prospecting of Petroleum,2001,40(4):34~42.
[17]张华军,王海兰,肖富森,等.基于反射层的变层速度模型时深转换方法[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1):36~38.Zhang H J,Wang H L,Xiao F S,et al.Time-depth Conver-sion Method in View Variable Interval Velocity Model of Re-flection Horizon[J].Natural Gas Industry,2003,23(1):36~38
[2]杨智仁.四川东部高陡构造的归位处理研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1991,30(4):1~11.Yang Z R.Research on Seismic data migration method of thehigh-steep structures in east SiChuan[J].Oil GesphysicalProspecting,1991,30(4):1~11.
[3]梁顺军,梁顺彬.高陡背斜地震剖面高点偏离问题分析及其校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):105~114.Liang S J,Liang S B.Analysis of height departure and its cor-rection in seismic section with high dipping anticline[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2001,36(1):105~114.
[4]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993.Lu J M.Principle of Seismic Prospecting[M].DongYing:China University of Petroleum Press.1993.
[5]何敏,朱明,汪瑞良,等.白云深水崎岖海底区时深转换方法探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(03):966~972.He M,Zhu M,Wang R L,et al.The discussion of time-depthconversion methods in the baiyun deepwater rough seafloor ar-ea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(03):966~972.
[6]张华军,肖富森,刘定锦,等.地质构造约束层速度模型在时深转换中的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):521~525.Zhang H J,Xiao F S,Liu D J,et al.Geologic structure con-strained interval velocity model and its application in time-depth conversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(4):521~525.
[7]梁顺军,彭更新,齐英敏,等.山地复杂构造地震成图方法探讨[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):529~537.Liang S J,Peng G X,Qi Y M,et al.Seismic mapping of com-plex structures in mountainous areas[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2003,42(4):529~537.
[8]Hardage B A,Simmons J L,Pendleton V M,et al.3-D seis-mic imaging and interpretation of Brushy Canyon slope and ba-sin thin-bed reservoirs,northwest Delaware Basin[J].Geo-physics,1998,63(5):1507~1519.
[9]Wang F P,Dai J C.Charles Kerans.Modeling dolomitizedcarbonate-ramp reservoirs:A case study of the Seminole SanAndres unit-Part 2,Seismic modeling,reservoir geostatistics,and reservoir simulation[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):1876~1884.
[10]Hoffman K S,Neave J W.Horizon modeling using a three-dimensional fault restoration technique,68thAnn[J].Inter-nat.Mtg.:Soc Of Expl.Geophys.,1998,2090~2090.
[11]Chambers K T,DeBaun D R,Durlofsky L J,Taggart L J,Bernath A,Shen A Y,Legarre H A,Goggin D J.Geologicmodeling,upscaling and simulation of faulted reservoirs usingfaulted stratigraphic grids,SPE 51889.Society of PetroleumEngineers Reservoir Simulaion Symposium,Houston,1999.
[12]温声明,杨德兴,王贵重,等.层速度替换建场法在高陡构造区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):308~312.Wen S M,Yang D X,Wang G Z.Application of interval-ve-locity-replaced field-building method in high-steep structuralregion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(3):308~312.
[13]邵雨,李学义,孔智勇,等.模型速度建场方法的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):675~679.Shao Y,Li X Y,Kong Z Y,et al.Study on application ofvelocity field model-building method[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2003,38(6):675~679.
[14]陈业全,刘春晓,王道义.塔里木盆地中原探区速度场研究方法[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):656~662.Chen Y Q,Liu C X,Wang D Y.The research method of ve-locity field in central plains prospect area of tarim basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(3):656~662.
[15]滕佃波,汪鹏程,王赟,姚振兴.利用叠前Kirchhoff积分偏移识别小断裂与低幅度构造[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1035~1038.Teng X B,Wang P C,Wang Y,et al.The identification ofsmall faults and low-amplitude structures by utilizing prestackKirchhoff integral migration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1035~1038.
[16]梁顺军,谢会文,皮学军,等.高陡构造地震勘探圈闭要素畸变分析[J],石油物探,2001,40(4):34~42.Liang S J,Xie H W,Pi X J,et al.Analysis of trap factordistortions in seismic survey in areas with steep dip structures[J].Geophysical Prospecting of Petroleum,2001,40(4):34~42.
[17]张华军,王海兰,肖富森,等.基于反射层的变层速度模型时深转换方法[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1):36~38.Zhang H J,Wang H L,Xiao F S,et al.Time-depth Conver-sion Method in View Variable Interval Velocity Model of Re-flection Horizon[J].Natural Gas Industry,2003,23(1):36~38
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