论青藏高原及邻区板片构造的一个新模式
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摘要
本文首先论述了板块学说提出的过程和存在的一些不足与疑问,特别是该学说将Holmes(1948)的地幔热对流说作为驱使岩石圈板块运动的动力机制.而后又以青藏高原及邻区为例,根据区域地质、蛇绿岩和地质构造研究的成果,特别是地震测深研究的成果,详细地论证了本区不存在有大洋中脊扩张成为大洋盆地的新大洋和大洋板块简单的B型俯冲模式,但存在有海底扩张的陆间海和海洋地壳板片(蛇绿岩构造岩片)的仰冲以及大陆岩石圈板片复杂的A型俯冲新模式.新模式不是以地幔对流运动,而是以扩张分离A型俯冲的大陆岩石圈板片与软流圈之间的水平剪切相对运动机制作为它的躯动力.
The paper first reviews the process to put forward the plate tectonic theory and its some problems, especially the problem of taking the mantle convection as the dynamic mechanism to drive lithosphere plates. Then on the basis of study results about regional geology, ophiolite,structure,and seismic depth-sounding in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its adjacent areas, this paper promotes a new model to interpret tectonics. This new model thinks that in this large area there was not simple B-type subduction which is accompanied with ocean-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges to form ocean basins appearing as new oceans and new ocean plates,but intercontinental seas due to ocean-floor spreading,obduction of ophiolite tectonic slice as oceanic crust slabs and complex A-type subduction of continental lithosphere slabs. In the new model the tectonic driving force is not the mantle convection, but the relative movement of horizontal shear between the continental lithosphere slab due to A-type subduction characterized by spreading and separating and the asthenosphere.
The paper first reviews the process to put forward the plate tectonic theory and its some problems, especially the problem of taking the mantle convection as the dynamic mechanism to drive lithosphere plates. Then on the basis of study results about regional geology, ophiolite,structure,and seismic depth-sounding in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its adjacent areas, this paper promotes a new model to interpret tectonics. This new model thinks that in this large area there was not simple B-type subduction which is accompanied with ocean-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges to form ocean basins appearing as new oceans and new ocean plates,but intercontinental seas due to ocean-floor spreading,obduction of ophiolite tectonic slice as oceanic crust slabs and complex A-type subduction of continental lithosphere slabs. In the new model the tectonic driving force is not the mantle convection, but the relative movement of horizontal shear between the continental lithosphere slab due to A-type subduction characterized by spreading and separating and the asthenosphere.
引文
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