唐家山滑坡堵江机制及堰塞坝溃坝模式分析
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摘要
在对唐家山滑坡及其堰塞坝现场进行详尽地质调查结果基础上,结合早期(地震前)资料开展研究,结果表明,该滑坡形成及堵江过程可概括为:顺层岸坡结构地震诱发→滑坡体前缘剪切、后缘拉裂→高速下滑、形成气浪、前缘刨蚀河床、对岸阻化隆起→后缘边坡坐落下滑→堰塞堵江。对堰塞坝体地质结构、不同水位条件下堰塞坝整体及上下游部位不同工况稳定性分析表明,堰塞坝以沟槽部位表层松散体水流逐级淘刷的"溢流破坏"方式为特点,整体溃坝可能性小。
On the basis of the detailed geologic investigation results which were gained on the location of the barrier dam,combining the early information before earthquake,the forming process and blocking river mechanism of the landslide can be summarized as follows:(1) there were shearing surface in forward edge of the landslide on dip slope which was caused by earthquake and drawing open in back edge;(2) the air wave was formed by the high speed sliding,and the riverbed was ploughed by its forward edge,and the thither slope was uplifted for inhibition;(3) the back edge of the landslide stood and glided;and(4) then it dammed and blocked river.Meanwhile,according to the geological structure and different water levels of the barrier dam,the barrier dam′s stabilities in upstream and downstream are studied.It is shown that the scouring mode of the barrier dam is overflow breakdown mechanism which stepwise scours the surface layer of loose media on the groove position,and the possibility of dam-breaking is small.
On the basis of the detailed geologic investigation results which were gained on the location of the barrier dam,combining the early information before earthquake,the forming process and blocking river mechanism of the landslide can be summarized as follows:(1) there were shearing surface in forward edge of the landslide on dip slope which was caused by earthquake and drawing open in back edge;(2) the air wave was formed by the high speed sliding,and the riverbed was ploughed by its forward edge,and the thither slope was uplifted for inhibition;(3) the back edge of the landslide stood and glided;and(4) then it dammed and blocked river.Meanwhile,according to the geological structure and different water levels of the barrier dam,the barrier dam′s stabilities in upstream and downstream are studied.It is shown that the scouring mode of the barrier dam is overflow breakdown mechanism which stepwise scours the surface layer of loose media on the groove position,and the possibility of dam-breaking is small.
引文
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[15]黄润秋,赵建军,巨能攀,等.汤屯高速公路顺层岩质边坡变形机制分析及治理对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):239–246.(HUANG Runqiu,ZHAO Jianjun,JU Nengpan,et al.Study on deformation mechanism and control method of bedding rock slope along Tangtun Expressway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):239–246.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DL/T5395–2007碾压式土石坝设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.DL/T5395–2007 Design specification for rolled earth-rock dams[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[17]罗红明,唐辉明,胡斌,等.考虑地震力的刚体极限平衡法及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 591–3 595.(LUO Hongming,TANG Huiming,HU Bin,et al.Rigid limit equilibrium method considering seismic force and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 591–3 595.(in Chinese))
[2]PERRIN N D,HANCOX G T.Landslide-dammed lakes in New Zealand—preliminary studies on their distribution causes and effects[J].Landslide,1990,22(3):1 457–1 465.
[3]SCHUSTER R L,COSTA J E.Effects of landslide damming on hydroelectric projects[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Association Engineering Geology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1986:1 295–1 307.
[4]PICARD M D.Cannon landslide dam,the Abruzzi,East-Central ltaly[J].Journal of Geological Education,1991,39(5):428–431.
[5]BROOKS G R,HICKIN E J.Debris-avalanches in poundments of Squamish River Mount Caylaey area,Southwestern British Cohembia[J].Canadian of Earth Science,1991,91(2):l29–140.
[6]ASANSA M,NIETO G P,YEPES H.Landslide blockage of the Pisque river,Northern Ecuador[J].Landslide News,1991,54(I):1 899–1 934.
[7]JENNINGS D A,WEBBY M G,PARTIN D T.Tunawaea landslide dam,King Country,New Zealand[J].Landslide,1991,23(4):1 448–1 452.
[8]MORA S,MADRIGAL C,ESTRADA J,et al.The 1992 Rio-Toro landslide dam,Costa Rica landslides section[R].[S.l.]:Disaster Prevention Research Institute,1993:1 183–1 128.
[9]黄润秋.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):433–454.(HUANG Runqiu.Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th Century[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):433–454.(in Chinese)
[10]程谦恭,张倬元,黄润秋.高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):72–84.(CHENG Qiangong,ZHANG Zhuoyuan,HUANG Ruiqiu.Study on dynamics of rock avalanches:state of the art report[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2007,25(1):72–84.(in Chinese))
[11]邓建辉,陈菲,尹虎,等.泸定县四湾村滑坡的地质成因与稳定评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):1 945–1 950.(DENG Jianhui,CHEN Fei,YIN Hu,et al.Geological origin and stability evaluation of Siwancun landslide in Luding County[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):1 945–1 950.(in Chinese))
[12]李守定,李晓,吴疆,等.大型基岩顺层滑坡滑带形成演化过程与模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2 473–2 480.(LEE Souting,LI Xiao,WU Jiange,t al.Evolution process and pattern of sliding zone in large consequent bedding rock landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 473–2 480.(in Chinese)
[13]李守定,李晓,刘艳辉.清江茅坪滑坡形成演化研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):377–384.(LEE Souting,LI Xiao,LIU Yanhui.Study on generation and evolution of Maoping landslide on Qingjiang River[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(2):377–384.(in Chinese))
[14]邓建辉,闵弘,魏进兵,等.再论茅坪滑坡的复活机制与治理可行性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2 378–2 383.(DENG Jianhui,MIN Hong,WEI Jinbing,et al.Further investigation on reactivation of Maoping landslide and its possible control measures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2 378–2 383.(in Chinese))
[15]黄润秋,赵建军,巨能攀,等.汤屯高速公路顺层岩质边坡变形机制分析及治理对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):239–246.(HUANG Runqiu,ZHAO Jianjun,JU Nengpan,et al.Study on deformation mechanism and control method of bedding rock slope along Tangtun Expressway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):239–246.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DL/T5395–2007碾压式土石坝设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.DL/T5395–2007 Design specification for rolled earth-rock dams[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[17]罗红明,唐辉明,胡斌,等.考虑地震力的刚体极限平衡法及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 591–3 595.(LUO Hongming,TANG Huiming,HU Bin,et al.Rigid limit equilibrium method considering seismic force and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 591–3 595.(in Chinese))
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