地震荷载作用下中–缓倾角顺层开挖斜坡的变形破坏模型试验
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摘要
在汶川地震灾区,顺层中–缓倾斜坡是地震山地灾害非常发育的斜坡类型,而开挖往往加剧斜坡的地震山地灾害。据调查,顺层中–缓倾斜坡以整体滑动为最主要的变形破坏形式。为重现斜坡的变形破坏过程,分析斜坡在地震荷载作用下的变形破坏规律,选取北川县陈家坝马滚岩滑坡作为顺层中–缓倾角开挖损伤斜坡的典型实例,进行地震荷载作用下斜坡变形破坏的室内物理模型试验。结果表明,开挖加剧斜坡在地震荷载作用下的变形破坏,整体滑动是斜坡最主要的破坏形式,与野外调查结果吻合。同时,斜坡整个变形破坏过程具有阶段性,可以划分为以下几个阶段:(1)地震初始阶段,此阶段坡体沿开挖不连续层面逐渐贯通并微剪出,同时开挖坡顶形成大量裂缝;(2)开挖坡顶浅表崩塌阶段;(3)整体滑动阶段。
In the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area,moderate-slow dip bedding slope is a kind of slope that seismic mountain disaster is very developing and the slope earthquake disaster is often exacerbated by the excavation.According to the survey,integral sliding is the main deformation and destruction form of moderateslow dip bedding slope.In order to reproduce the process and analysis regularity of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load,Magunyan landslide located in Beichuan County is chosen as the typical example of moderate-slow dip excavation damage bedding slope;and the indoor physical model test of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load are carried out.The results show that slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load is intensified by the excavation.Integral sliding is the main form of deformation and failure;and the results are consistent with field investigation.From the whole process of deformation and failure of bedding slope,the slope can be divided into the three stages:(1) Initial phase of the earthquake.The slope gradually breakthrough and slightly cuts out along the discontinuous bedding plane induced by excavation,and large cracks appear at the top of excavation slope.(2) Shallow landslides phase at top of excavation slope;(3) Integral sliding phase.
In the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area,moderate-slow dip bedding slope is a kind of slope that seismic mountain disaster is very developing and the slope earthquake disaster is often exacerbated by the excavation.According to the survey,integral sliding is the main deformation and destruction form of moderateslow dip bedding slope.In order to reproduce the process and analysis regularity of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load,Magunyan landslide located in Beichuan County is chosen as the typical example of moderate-slow dip excavation damage bedding slope;and the indoor physical model test of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load are carried out.The results show that slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load is intensified by the excavation.Integral sliding is the main form of deformation and failure;and the results are consistent with field investigation.From the whole process of deformation and failure of bedding slope,the slope can be divided into the three stages:(1) Initial phase of the earthquake.The slope gradually breakthrough and slightly cuts out along the discontinuous bedding plane induced by excavation,and large cracks appear at the top of excavation slope.(2) Shallow landslides phase at top of excavation slope;(3) Integral sliding phase.
引文
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[14]肖克强,李海波,刘亚群,等.地震荷载作用下顺层岩体边坡变形特征分析[J].岩土力学,2007,28(8):1557–1564.(XIAOKeqiang,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al.Study on deformation characteristics ofbedding slopes under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(8):1 557–1 564.(in Chinese))
[15]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385–2394.(LIHaibo,XIAO Keqiang,LIU Yaqun.Factor of safety analysis ofbedding rock slope under seismic load[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 385–2 394.(in Chinese))
[16]罗先启,葛修润.滑坡模型试验理论及其应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:16–27.(LUO Xianqi,GE Xiurun.Theory andapplication of model test for landslide[M].Beijing:China WaterPower Press,2008:16–27.(in Chinese))
[2]李树森,任光明,左三胜.层状结构岩体顺层斜坡失稳机制的力学分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1995,6(2):24–29.(LI Shusen,REN Guangming,ZUO Sansheng.Mechanical analysis of instabilitymechanism of consequent slope in bedded rock mass[J].Journal ofGeological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1995,6(2):24–29.(in Chinese))
[3]任光明,李树森,聂德新,等.顺层坡滑坡形成机制的物理模拟及力学分析[J].山地研究,1998,16(3):182–187.(REN Guangming,LI Shusen,NIE Dexin,et al.The physical simulation and mechanicalanalysis of landslides formation mechanism on consequent slope[J].Journal of Mountain Research,1998,16(3):182–187.(in Chinese))
[4]林森,代树林.层状岩体顺层滑动边坡破坏机制及锚固机制的研究[J].铁道建筑,2010,(8):97–99.(LIN Sen,DAI Shulin.Study onfailure and anchoring mechanisms for sliding slope of layered rock[J].Railway Engineering,2010,(8):97–99.(in Chinese))
[5]白云峰.顺层滑坡的发育环境及分布特征[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):39–43.(BAI Yunfeng.Development environment anddistribution characteristics of bedding plane landslides[J].Journal ofNatural Disasters,2004,13(3):39–43.(in Chinese))
[6]冯君,吕和林,李安洪.顺层岩质边坡稳定性影响因素分析[J].四川建筑科学研究,2005,31(4):78–80.(FENG Jun,LU Helin,LI Anhong.Factors analysis of stability of rock bedded slope[J].Building Science Research of Sichuan,2005,31(4):78–80.(inChinese))
[7]张毅,朱宏伟,项琴.顺层路堑边坡稳定性影响因素分析[J].西部交通科技,2009,(10):24–27.(ZHANG Yi,ZHU Hongwei,XIANG Qin.The influence of factors on the stability of bedding cutslope[J].Western China Communications Science and Technology,2009,(10):24–27.(in Chinese))
[8]冯君,周德培,李安洪.顺层岩质边坡开挖松弛区试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):840–845.(FENG Jun,ZHOUDepei,LI Anhong.Physical modeling research on relaxation region ofconsequent rock slope induced by road cutting[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):840–845.(inChinese))
[9]孙书伟,马惠民,张忠平.顺层高边坡开挖松动区研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1 665–1 668.(SUN Shuwei,MAHuimin,ZHANGZhongping.Study on disturbed zone of cutting bedding high rockslope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1 665–1 668.(inChinese))
[10]冯君,周德培,李安洪.顺层岩质边坡开挖稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1474–1478.(FENG Jun,ZHOUDepei,LI Anhong.Research on stability of rock bedded slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):1 474–1 478.(in Chinese))
[11]冯君,周德培,李安洪.顺层岩质边坡开挖模型试验及稳定性影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(3):294–299.(FENG Jun,ZHOU Depei,LI Anhong.Test and numerical modeling of the stabilityof rock bedded slope[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(3):294–299.(in Chinese))
[12]陈从新,黄平路,卢增木.岩层倾角影响顺层岩石边坡稳定性的模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):476–481.(CHEN Congxin,HUANG Pinglu,LU Zengmu.Study on correlation between stabilityof consequent rock slope and obliquity of rock layer by simulationexperiment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):476–481.(inChinese))
[13]刘勇,张继春,肖清华.振动作用下顺层岩质边坡滑移失稳的试验研究[J].路基工程,2008,(2):3–5.(LIU Yong,ZHANG Jichun,XIAO Qinghua.Model test of the sliding and instability of beddedslope under the action of vibration[J].Subgrade Engineering,2008,(2):3–5.(in Chinese))
[14]肖克强,李海波,刘亚群,等.地震荷载作用下顺层岩体边坡变形特征分析[J].岩土力学,2007,28(8):1557–1564.(XIAOKeqiang,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al.Study on deformation characteristics ofbedding slopes under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(8):1 557–1 564.(in Chinese))
[15]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385–2394.(LIHaibo,XIAO Keqiang,LIU Yaqun.Factor of safety analysis ofbedding rock slope under seismic load[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 385–2 394.(in Chinese))
[16]罗先启,葛修润.滑坡模型试验理论及其应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:16–27.(LUO Xianqi,GE Xiurun.Theory andapplication of model test for landslide[M].Beijing:China WaterPower Press,2008:16–27.(in Chinese))
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