长江中下游成矿带的幔根构造与深部找矿
摘要
长江中下游铁铜金多金属成矿带,正处于华北板块与扬子板块碰撞造山带的断裂构造部位。由于岩石圈大尺度不连续和地壳减薄无山根的成矿背景,促使燕山期热事件成为断裂-盆地-岩浆-成矿带的响应。区内I型花岗岩是地幔基性岩浆底侵与壳幔相互作用的结果,包体研究和透明地震反射区资料证明它们具有软流圈上涌与下地壳拆沉作用的印记,也是幔根构造的源地。正因为透岩浆流体作用,形成大量金属矿床,因而这些矿床的成矿时代具有突发性和规律性,同时成矿物质来源具有多源性和不均匀性;成矿流体具有同一性和矿床类型的多样性;成矿期次具有叠加改造性。从S、Pb、Sr、H、O、C、Si、Cu等同位素组成取得的信息,也可作为幔根构造壳幔同熔成矿的佐证。按照幔根构造成矿机理分析,预测本区仍有第二成矿空间(-500~-2 000 m),建议以"类埃达克岩(体)"为中心的地区,可作为新一轮找矿的首选区。运用综合方法(遥感、磁、电、重、地震及深穿透地球化学等),以探明深部与下古生界碳酸盐岩的接触带为主攻目标,建立四维成矿模型,确定找矿靶区,尽快进行钻探验证。
The iron-copper-gold polymetallic metallogenetic belt of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is located in the fault structure of the collisional orogenic belt between North China Block and Yangtze Block.Because the lithosphere in a large-scale discontinuous and crustal thinning and no root of mountain mineralization background,the Yanshannian thermal event responsed for the fault-basin-magma-metallogenetic belt.I-type granites of this region were the results of the mantle-derived basic magma underplating and the interaction between mantle and crust.It is confirmed by inclusion and seismic tomography(or reflection?)study that lithospheric mantle and lower crustal delamilation had took place and that is the source of mantle rooted structure.A pleny of metal deposits had been formed by magmatic fluids.These metal deposits are characterized by break out in mineralization time,multiple and heterogeneous in material sources,homogeneous in mineralization fluids and variety deposit types and multi-stages of mineralization and superimposition modification.The S,Pb,Sr,H,O,C,Si and Cu isotopic compositions showthat mantle rooted structure had been existed and mineralization by crust-mantle syntexis.Base on the mantle rooted mineralization theory the author speculate that there existed secondary mineralization space(-500~-2000 m)in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and suggest that the analogous adakite-like rocks and its peripheral areas are the first choice place in the new round prospecting.By employ comprehensive methods such as remote sensing,magnetic prospecting,electrical prospecting,gravity exploration,seismic exploration and geochemical method with earth deep-penetrating,we should focus the contact belt between lower Palezoic of carbonic rocks and underlying crust as the main target for prospecting in the next phase in these area.As a result,we could establish four-dimensional model of prospecting in order to determine the target prospecting region and carry out drilling verification as soon as possible.
The iron-copper-gold polymetallic metallogenetic belt of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is located in the fault structure of the collisional orogenic belt between North China Block and Yangtze Block.Because the lithosphere in a large-scale discontinuous and crustal thinning and no root of mountain mineralization background,the Yanshannian thermal event responsed for the fault-basin-magma-metallogenetic belt.I-type granites of this region were the results of the mantle-derived basic magma underplating and the interaction between mantle and crust.It is confirmed by inclusion and seismic tomography(or reflection?)study that lithospheric mantle and lower crustal delamilation had took place and that is the source of mantle rooted structure.A pleny of metal deposits had been formed by magmatic fluids.These metal deposits are characterized by break out in mineralization time,multiple and heterogeneous in material sources,homogeneous in mineralization fluids and variety deposit types and multi-stages of mineralization and superimposition modification.The S,Pb,Sr,H,O,C,Si and Cu isotopic compositions showthat mantle rooted structure had been existed and mineralization by crust-mantle syntexis.Base on the mantle rooted mineralization theory the author speculate that there existed secondary mineralization space(-500~-2000 m)in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and suggest that the analogous adakite-like rocks and its peripheral areas are the first choice place in the new round prospecting.By employ comprehensive methods such as remote sensing,magnetic prospecting,electrical prospecting,gravity exploration,seismic exploration and geochemical method with earth deep-penetrating,we should focus the contact belt between lower Palezoic of carbonic rocks and underlying crust as the main target for prospecting in the next phase in these area.As a result,we could establish four-dimensional model of prospecting in order to determine the target prospecting region and carry out drilling verification as soon as possible.
引文
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[20]张旗,秦克章,王元龙,等.加强埃达克岩研究,开创中国Cu-Au找矿的新局面[J].岩石学报,2004,20(2):195-204.
[21]冷成彪,张兴春,陈衍景,等.中国斑岩铜矿与埃达克岩(质)岩关系探讨[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):199-210.
[22]王强,赵振华,熊小林,等.底侵玄武岩下地壳的熔融:来自安徽adakite质富钠石英闪长玢岩的证据[J].地球化学,2001,30(4):353-362.
[23]王强,赵振华,许继峰,等.扬子地块东部燕山期埃达克岩质(adakite-like)岩与找矿[J].中国科学D辑(增刊),2002,32:127-136.
[24]许继峰,王强,徐义刚,等.宁镇地区中生代安基山中酸性侵入岩的地球化学:亏损重稀土和钇的岩浆产生的限制[J].岩石学报,2001,17(4):576-587.
[25]王强,赵振华,许继峰,等.鄂东南铜山口、殷祖埃达克岩质(adakite)侵入岩的地球化学特征对此:下地壳拆沉与斑岩铜矿的成因[J].岩石学报《埃达克岩与成矿专辑》,2003,351-360.
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